Anatomy/Physiology
Study Guide
Chapter 16: The Digestive System
Key Terms
Mucosa
 Mucous epithelium
o Plicae
o Villi
o Microvilli
 Lamina propria
 Muscularis mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa
 Visceral
peritoneum
 Mesentery
Peristalsis
Segmentation
Vestibule space
Buccal cavity
Hard/Soft palate
Parotid gland
 Salivary amylase
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Nasopharynx
Orophaynx
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
Bolus
Deglutition
Sphincter
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
Rugae
Chyme
Intrinsic Factor
Pepsinogen
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Ileocecal valve
Lipase
Amylase
Proteases
Caudate
Quadrate
Hepatocytes
Bile
Emulsification
Internal anal sphincter
External anal sphincter
Concepts to know
I.
Six functions of the digestive system
II.
Major structures of the digestive system
a. Oral Cavity & Salivary Glands
b. Pharynx & Esophagus
c. Stomach
d. Small Intestine
e. Accessory Organs (Pancreas, Liver & Gallbladder)
f. Large Intestine
III.
Histology of the digestive system
a. Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis Externa & Serosa
b. How do these layers differ from organ to organ?
IV.
Describe the stages of deglutition (swallowing)
a. Oral, Pharyngeal & Esophageal
V.
Two movements of the digestive system
a. Peristalsis & Segmentation
VI.
The Oral Cavity
a. Structure (vestibule space, salivary glands, hard/soft palate, tongue)
b. Function (mastication of food, secretion of saliva)
c. Locate the 3 main pairs of salivary gland (Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual)
d. Function of Salivary Amylase
VII. The Pharynx
a. Anatomy and parts (naso-, oro-, laryngo-)
VIII. The Esophagus
a. Anatomy and function (peristalsis of bolus; significance of lower sphincter)
IX.
The Stomach
Anatomy/Physiology
Study Guide
a. Anatomy (Structure and Histology)
b. 3 Functions (store, churn and secrete)
c. Composition and function of gastric juice
d. Regulation of phases (cephalic/gastric/intestinal)
X.
The Small Intestine
a. Anatomy (Structure and Histology)
b. Function (absorption and segmentation)
XI.
Accessory Organs
a. Anatomy and function of pancreas
b. Composition and function of pancreatic juice
c. Anatomy and function of liver
d. Composition and function of bile
e. Anatomy and function of gallbladder
XII. The Large Intestine
a. Anatomy (cecum, colon and rectum)
b. Sections of the colon
c. Function (water absorption, compaction and storage)
XIII. Absorption of nutrients
a. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, electrolytes and vitamins
XIV. Aging and the digestive system
XV. Disorders and diseases
a. Esophagitis/GERD
b. Hiatal hernia
c. Cirrhosis
d. Colon Cancer
e. Lactose Intolerance
Study tips:
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Visit the textbook companion site: http://wps.aw.com/bc_martini_eap_4/
Check the class blog for lecture notes and slides: http://www.mchanblog.wordpress.com
Remember you are only responsible for information I put in the lecture notes.
Happy Studying! 