Designed to Survive !!!!!
I understand physical and
behavioral adaptations...
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Biomes: Large ecosystems with the same
type of climate---animals---and plant species
Adaptations: Characteristics or traits that help an
organism survive in their particular biome
Study guide:
1. I can define and give an example of both physical and
behavioral adaptations.
2. I can make a Venn Diagram and compare physical and
behavioral adaptations
3. I can explain the adaptations of a conifer tree and why it is
able to survive in the far north.
4. I can compare camouflage and protective coloration…(T
chart or Venn diagram)
5. How does mimicry help animals to survive? PROVE IT!
6. What factors determine where animals can live?
7. Compare tolerance range to optimal living conditions.
(Venn Diagram)
Flat feet, square bill, and migrating south for
the winter… How do these relate to physical and
behavioral changes.
Two types of adaptations:
1. Physical adaptations---they are the actual
physical traits an animal has...Ex: wolf---Large canines to rip
flesh and kill Claws act like cleats to run down prey Big cup
shaped ears to gather the slightest sounds. Extremely
sensitive nose to locate odors of food---to track it down
Behavioral adaptation: the way an animal acts that helps
them survive in their particular ecosystem...it is what it DOES
to survive.
Ex:wolf---they are a pack animal that helps them hunt and
protect each other.Look for dens or they burrow under the
ground
2.
*** Plants also have physical adaptations that help them
survive...Conifers traits--Dark green needles to absorb sunlight.---Needles never
fall off so they are instantly ready to do photosynthesis.
They have a pyramid shape that sheds snow and ice.
Physical adaptations
1. Camouflage---shape, color or pattern that helps an organism
blend in with the environment
a. Protective coloration---color blends with environment---Snow
shoe hare
b. Protective resemblance---you match the shape,color and
texture of environment---walking stick
2. Mimicry---an organism takes on the color and pattern of a more
unpleasant animal or plant
Categories of physical adaptations---traits an animal
possesses
1. Talons---for grasping and killing
2. Large cup shaped ears---gather sound
3. Large eyes---great vision
4. Sharp down turned beak---rip flesh
5. Flat square beak---plant material
***physical trait tell you the niche of the animal
Behavioral adaptations:Categories of how animals act
1. Migration---animals leave an area of bad resources and go to
an area of better resources
2. Burrowing---going underground for protection or to beat the
heat
3. Herding---prey use the protection of many eyes,ears and
noses to avoid danger
4.Pack hunting---help bring down bigger prey
5 Hibernating---sleep through low food times
6. Nocturnal---go out at night...hunt or hide better
***Animals can only live in an area where they can use the
resources---they need
1. Food source
2. Shelter
3. Water
4. Area to reproduce
...if you don't meet these four needs the organisms will
disappear from that area---Mr.L catfish
***Animals must live within an area that meets their Tolerance
Ranges---a set of conditions an animal must live within Ex: the
bearded dragon and temperature. They must be in environment
that is between 90 and 110 degrees Fahrenheit
***the farther an organism is out of tolerance range the quicker it
will die...
Optimal Living Conditions...this is the very best conditions an
animal can live under in order to survive the longest Ex: Bearded
dragons temperature is 100 to 105 degrees
Animals in the wild live within their Tolerance Ranges .... In the
zoo they are kept within Optimal Living Condition---that is why
they live longer in the zoo
Computer Vocabulary help
•
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Blendspace
I understand the different biomes throughout
the world and how animals and plants are
adapted to survive in those biomes.
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Study guide:
1. Describe the Tundra biome and the adaptations that allow plants and animals to live there?
(Prove it by showing proof of evidence!)
2. Describe the Taiga biome and the adaptations that allow plants and animals to live there?
(Prove it by showing proof of evidence!)
3. Describe the Deciduous forest biome and the adaptations that allow plants and animals to live
there? (Prove it by showing proof of evidence!)
4. What is a beaver’s niche and how does it display the concept of interdependence?
5. Using a Venn Diagram compare the Tundra to the Deciduous forest.
6. Which biome best supports human growth and development? Prove It!
A gentle reminder:
Mr. Johnson has made a wise decision to put the bee hives in his apple
orchard because both the bees and the apple trees will benefit. The
bees will pollinate the flowers as the bees gather nectar for the hive.
This will cause the apple tree to have many apples due to the fact that
the flowers were all pollinated. The bees will also be able to produce
large amounts of honey because of the nectar they found in the apple
trees. Both organisms benefited. This is called interdependence. Mr.
Johnson will make more money as a farmer because he now has many
apples and a lot honey to sell a the local market place.
Biomes
Tundra
Climate---long cold winters(low precipitation) ---VERY short
summers---windy conditions---Great area for wind mills (a flow
resource) ***windy conditions will dry out animal and plant
tissue that is not protected***
Permafrost...Solid frozen layer of soil about one foot
down...makes it impossible for plants to develop deep root---no
trees
Tundra Plant Life---Short(low to the ground --- to avoid being
dehydrated by wind---must have shallow root system) quick
reproductive cycle---growing season---maybe 6 weeks
Tundra animals
Fat(blubber)--- body fat to insulate against the cold---compact
body shape to conserve heat
Protective coloration---you change with the colors of the Tundra--white in winter---brown (dirt like ) in the summer...no place to hide
Ex: Arctic hare and fox
Animal Ex: of Tundra
Arctic fox --- Arctic hare --- Arctic owl --Caribou --- Migrate to Tundra for tender, new plants in short
summer and head back South in the winter(conifer forest of
the Taiga)
Taiga---most of Canada
1) 2 seasons.... Summer to Winter "no real spring or fall"
2) Long harsh cold winter---not a lot of snow but what is there
does not melt much--it piles up
Plant Life--- Huge Conifer Forest (cone bearing evergreen
forest)
Physical adaptations of conifer
1) Dark green needles absorb limited sunlight
2)Needles never fall off so they can always be ready to do
photosynthesis
3)Pyramid shaped to shed the snow
4)Has a waxy coating on the needles so the plant does not
dehydrate---"mother nature's chapstick"
Animals of the Taiga
Large herbivores---Primary consumers--(eat only plants)
Moose:---Physical adaptations---long legs help the moose travel
through the snow. Their digestive system allows them to get
nutrition from pine bark and branch tips
Other large herbivores include---elk and deer
Large Carnivores---Cougar --- Wolves---(secondary consumer and
top predators)
Wolves----Physical adaptations---sensitive nose...cupped
shaped ears...long claws...large sharp canines
-----Behavioral adaptations--- hunt in packs...burrow in
dens...they howl---vocalize to share location...they use cover
scents to hide their odor---that is why they roll in fish,scat,
etc.
***the beaver*** (Taiga and deciduous forest)
Mother Natures Engineers---behavioral and physical
adaptations to be a "flood specialist"
Beaver:
Physical adaptations---1. sharp teeth for cutting---they never
stop growing 2. Flat tail for swimming 3. Water resistant fur so
they do not water log
Behavioral adaptations --- 1. slap tail to warn of danger 2.
They make dams on any water way---flood area 3. they build
beaver "huts"
***When beavers flood an area they make new habitat for
many animal populations(single species)which turn into
animal communities(many species together)
Animals that benefit---ducks, frogs, turtles, fish, snakes,
hawks etc
Interdependence --- the other animals depend on the beaver
in order to live in that area
Deciduous forest---our biome
Climate:
...4 seasons ---- summer, winter, fall, spring
...6 month growing season--- allows humans to farm
... trees lose and re grow their leaves
... oak maple cherry birch etc...
Plants
Great variety of grasses, flowers, trees, bushes
Animals
Primary consumers: Caterpillar, rabbit, deer, geese
(herbivores)
Secondary consumers coyote, hawk, frog, spiders,(
carnivores) raccoons , skunk (omnivores)
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BlendSpace
I understand the different biomes throughout the
world and how animals and plants are adapted to
survive in those biomes.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Part 2
Study guide:
1. If you were an animal in the desert, what physical and
behavioral adaptations must you have to survive. (Prove it by
showing proof of evidence!)
2. Why do the Grasslands have such rich soil? How can this soil
be protected? (Prove it by showing proof of evidence!)
3. In a Venn diagram compare the Grasslands and the
Taiga.(buddy task)
4. Why do the Tropics have such great biodiversity? Why does
the desert have the least? Make a rule that can be used by
scientist!
5. Are fires good or bad for an ecosystem…PROVE IT!
Hint: Red Black Blue is BEST for YOU!
Desert
Climate---temperature extremes...hot in day, cold at night
...extremely low precipitation(arid---no moisture on ground or in
the air)
*******Low water or moisture level means that area will
have low plant life----low plant life means---low animal
populations*****
The opposite is also true....a lot of water means...a lot
of plants...which results in a lot of animals
Plant life of desert ... Cacti
Physical adaptations... roots either go very deep or they
spread out really shallow and far from the plant (in
order to get water) They also have waxy covering
Animals of the desert:
Physical adaptation---Leathery skin that holds water inside the
animal (reptiles)
---- have the ability to store water in their
tissues (Camel---stores extra water as a fat hump which it can
breakdown and use later when water is scarce)
Behavioral adaptations
Burrow---cool in the day and warm at night
Nocturnal--- come out when it is cooler
Basking---cold blooded animals use rocks warmed by the sun to
survive
Grassland---plains
1.
Very little trees because....
a. two seasons...growing season where precipitation happens
and then there is the dry season(lack of precipitation) very dry
grass is set on fire by lightning storms...flash fires---devastating
to the trees but not the grass--- the dead grass get turned to
ash(high in nitrogen) which fertilizes the new grass that pops up
during the growing season
Topsoil of grassland is extreme fertile soil---rich in organic
material
Organic Material was once alive but now is dead and decaying--it takes around 100 years to make half inch of fertile soil
***how do you save topsoil from erosion?
1. plant cover crops...quick growing grasses or plants that hold
the soil in place with their roots during the non growing seasons
2. Contour farming...plant your crops perpendicular to the way
water flows
The Beast of Plains---Buffalo
Physical adaptations
1. Extremely thick fur to withstand blowing winds
2 huge neck muscles to sweep snow away during the winter so
they can get to the grass.
3. horns --- for protection
Behavioral adaptations (poor eye sight)
Herding instinct --- give advanced warning of predators
Migrate---move to areas of richer resources
Tropic---most diverse plant and animal habitat on the planet--found as part of the canopy (only 2 percent of light reaches the
ground)
Vast amount of water=vast producers(plants) =vast
(consumers) (herbivore,carnivores,omnivores,decomposers)
Climate High precipitation very humid
Animals
Monkeys -- Insects
Parrots
Tiger
Odds and ends---interesting facts
1. Deciduous forest is a temperate climate not to hot or cold
2. Temperature zone on the Earth
Arctic---extremely cold (Tundra and Taiga)
Temperate---mild (Deciduous/Grasslands)
Tropical---very humid/hot (Tropic)
Desert--- very hot but low humidity (desert)
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