Discuss your notes from the
video. What questions do you
need answering?
Home learning
• Annotate the two articles using green pen to
highlight aspects of attribution theory
• Answer the questions on page 193
Home learning
BBC Sport - Aston Villa 'unacceptable' against Chelsea, says boss Paul Lam bert
24/ 12/ 2012 14:11
FOOTBALL
BBC Sport - Chelsea: Rafael Benitez boos silenced by goals
24/ 12/ 2012 14:11
FOOTBALL
23 December 2012 Last updated at 20:16
24 December 2012 Last updated at 07:37
Aston Villa 'unacceptable' against Chelsea,
says boss Paul Lambert
Chelsea: Rafael Benitez boos silenced by goals
By Owen Phillips
Manager Paul Lambert admitted his Aston Villa side were not good enough
against rampant Chelsea after they suffered a record 8-0 defeat at
Stamford Bridge.
BBC Sport at Stamford Bridge
Whisper it quietly but Chelsea fans could soon start warming to interim
manager Rafael Benitez.
The defeat was Villa's heaviest ever in the top flight.
Sunday's 8-0 annihilation of Aston Villa, on the back of a 5-1 thumping of fierce rivals Leeds in
the Capital One Cup, has certainly restored a sense of pride in the team and club after a disastrous
few weeks on and off the pitch.
"We were beaten up pretty badly from start to finish. The lads know themselves that that was not
acceptable," said Lambert.
"We were second best all over the pitch, I am not going to stand here and make excuses."
So clinical and merciless were the Blues as they ran amok against Villa's increasingly demoralised
young side that it was easy to forget that just four weeks ago, Benitez was booed into the dugout for
his first game against Manchester City.
Aston Villa came into the game unbeaten in their last six matches, including an impressive 3-1 win
over Liverpool at Anfield last time out.
Villa feel the pain
The defeat was Aston Villa's heaviest in top-flight
football. They have lost 7-0 on five previous
occasions - most recently in 1950.
But they fell behind after 129 seconds when
Fernando Torres headed past goalkeeper Brad
Guzan and were soon buried by a ruthless
attacking display by the Blues.
Premier League's biggest wins
4 March 1995 - Manchester United 9-0 Ipswich
"We cannot concede as early as that at places like
these, you are on the back foot right away. It is
vital that you come here and try and get a foothold
in the game," Lambert added.
19 September 1999 - Newcastle 8-0 Sheffield
Wednesday
"You can't feel sorry for yourselves, you take your
23 December 2012 - Chelsea 8-0 Aston Villa
22 November 2009 - Tottenham 9-1 Wigan
9 May 2010 - Chelsea 8-0 Wigan
medicine in football and you have to go again.
The victory carried Chelsea up from seventh to third and interim manager Rafael Benitez, who
succeeded Roberto di Matteo at the end of November, believes his side are starting to play the way he
wants them to.
4 March 1995 - Manchester United 9 Ipswich 0.
19 September 1999 - Newcastle 8 Sheffield
Wednesday 0.
22 November 2009 - Tottenham 9 Wigan 1
9 May 2010 - Chelsea 8 Wigan 0
resist.
Maybe it was the feel-good festive season factor, but the feeling around Stamford Bridge definitely
seemed different to previous weeks. The Spaniard's presence was almost forgotten; the football took
centre stage.
"Everything impressed me the performance of the
team," said the Spaniard.
But the atmosphere, which was poisonous at the end of November, was positive well before Chelsea
began to steamroller their outclassed opponents.
"We have been talking before about the mentality
of the team; attacking, creating chances, we had
good movement, we were good in defence. As a
team we had the balance we are looking for."
Villa fans contributed fully to that atmosphere, and they didn't stop singing throughout.
They didn't stop singing when a stonking early header from Fernando Torres - his seventh goal in six
games - put the hosts 1-0 up.
Defender David Luiz revived the midfield role that
he played in the Blues' semi-final win over
Monterrey in the Club World Cup, but Benitez
says he does not foresee the Brazilian making the
positional switch permanently.
They didn't stop singing when David Luiz's sublime free-kick and Branislav Ivanovic's header made the
game safe by half-time.
And they didn't stop singing as Chelsea ran riot in the final half-hour, scoring goals at will and
threatening to reach double figures.
"No, I knew it could be an option," Benitez added.
Even at the end, when it would have been understandable and excusable to trudge away in dismay,
they carried on singing.
"Now we can manage in a different way we can use him as a holding midfielder but also as a centreback.
It all provided a strange and interesting contrast to the corresponding fixture this time last season.
"He's good in the air, can use both feet, can score goals and he can tackle. He has a lot of attributes."
On that occasion it was Villa whose manager was set up as the pantomime villain in the eyes of his
own fans.
Benitez was coy on the future of two players who have been linked with moves away from the club.
The 52-year-old confirmed that Daniel Sturridge was due to have a medical at Liverpool ahead of
a proposed move, but said he had been concentrating on the match rather than the striker's situation.
And even though the visitors triumphed 3-1 in what was surely Alex McLeish's highlight as manager,
the win only provided a brief respite for the former Birmingham boss.
He also stressed that Frank Lampard, whose contract expires at the end of the season, remains a key
part of his squad for the moment.
http:/ / www.bbc.co.uk/ sport/ 0/ football/ 20834295
The mood has changed from outright anger to
resignation, and then apathy in subsequent
games. But against Villa, there was a palpable
sense of acceptance and maybe even a grudging
respect.
Benitez said winning football matches was the key
to winning respect and the backing of fans. He
could well be right. Chelsea played with the sort of
ruthlessness, quality and fluency that is hard to
"We have got two days to mull over it and we have got to go again on Wednesday [against
Tottenham]."
Premier League's biggest wins
Appointed following Chelsea's slide down the
Premier League table and unable to prevent their
Champions League exit, it is fair to say it would
have been almost impossible to find a less popular
replacement for Blues legend Roberto Di Matteo.
In truth, there was precious little else to compete with in terms of highlights.
Page 1 of 2
http:/ / www.bbc.co.uk/ sport/ 0/ football/ 20835394
Page 1 of 2
Attribution
Football Challenge- Who can keep
the ball up for the longest time?
MOTD Jose M
ATTRIBUTION
• “The perceived reasons for success or failure of
an event or pattern of behaviour” (James et al
2009:186)
By the end of the lesson you will be able to
answer the following questions:
LOCUS OF CAUSALITY
STABILITY
Internal
External
Stable
Ability
Task
difficulty
Unstable
Effort
Luck
Connector
Watch the following videos and note the
reasons for the issues they raised:
Fergie:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmvBWsmd
eCU
Arsene:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTWBUNTSY4
Key words
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Attribution theory
Locus of causality
Locus of stability
Locus of control
Self-serving bias
Controllability
Learned helplessness
Attribution
• Individuals actively attach personal
meaning to behaviour outcomes.
– For example, if I win a game of table tennis, I
might attribute the victory to my ability or the
poor table or equipment
• There are 4 main categories of attribution
(Weiner, 1972)
LOCUS OF CAUSALITY
STABILITY
Internal
External
Stable
Ability
Task
difficulty
Unstable
Effort
Luck
Locus of causality
• This dimension classifies the outcome as internal or
external.
• Internal attributions come from within the
participant.
– Examples include effort, concentration, fitness, ability,
motivation.
• External attributions are anything external from the
individual.
– Examples include the weather, officials, opponents, luck.
Stability
• This dimension relates to whether the cause
of the outcome is consistent or will fluctuate.
• Stable factors might be equipment, timing,
ability, opponents’ ability (depending on
competition).
• Unstable factors might be effort, luck, officials,
etc.
Weiner’s model with examples
Revised attribution theory (Weiner, 1985)
• Controllability –
added dimension
– This dimension assesses whether
the outcome was under the
personal control of the individual
or under the control of other
people.
– For example, an athlete might run
a personal best time, but still lose.
Roger Black in the 1996 Olympics
is an example – he new he
couldn’t beat Michael Johnson
and aimed to win silver
Task – How many attributions can you enter into
the grid?
STABILITY
LOCUS OF CAUSALITY
Internal
External
Stable
Unstable
What did they attribute their reasons
towards?
Fergie:
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=KmvBWsmdeCU
Arsene:
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=KTWBUNT-SY4
Exam tips
• Be able to draw and interpret Weiner’s model
and make sure it is labeled correctly
• Describe practical examples to explain the
attributions following a variety of results.
• To maintain a performer’s motivation you can
attribute loss or failure to any other factors
other than internal stable factors
In groups of 2 or 3,
consider the following issue...
You were victorious in one game and
experienced defeat in another game
1.List the reasons for the outcome
2.Draw Weiner’s two dimensional model and
place each of the named reasons into the
different categories
3.Discuss your findings
Attribution retraining
• Make notes from page 189
Learned helplessness
• This term describes when a person expects to
fail.
• This expectation is based on previous
experiences of failure.
• They attribute failure to lack of ability (internal
and stable).
• What is difference between global and specific
learned helplessness?
Expecting to fail
• Whether you think you can, or you think you
can’t, you’re probably right.
(Henry Ford)
• The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when
someone expects to fail, and consequently
does. Low levels of self efficacy or confidence?
How can we overcome learnedhelplessness?
• Guarantee some success.
– Set short-term goals, that are somewhat challenging but
that will be achieved relatively quickly.
• Give positive reinforcement.
• Give lots of encouragement.
• While rewards can be used, the coach should focus
on enhancing intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, and
self-efficacy.
• What are the 3 most effective strategies? Pg 191
Summary
• Attribution is the process of identifying what caused
an outcome.
• How we attribute outcomes will influence our selfefficacy and motivation.
• Sustained negative attribution could lead to low selfesteem and learned helplessness.
• Failure should be attributed to external, unstable, or
uncontrollable factors.
• Success should be attributed to internal, stable, or
controllable factors.
Exam questions 2006
Exam answers - 2006