COMENIUS PROJECT 2011-2013
LICEO GALILEO GALILEI, PESCARA
ITALY
CLIMATE CHANGE?
CHANGE YOUR LIFE!
TRUE UNIVERSALITY IN
ARCHITECTURE CAN BE
ATTAINED ONLY
THROUGH CONNECTION
WITH THE ROOTS,
GRATITUDE FOR THE PAST
AND RESPECT FOR THE
‘GENIUS LOCI’
Cit. Renzo Piano
MEMORIES OF
THE PAST
HOPES FOR
THE FUTURE
BUILDING MATERIALS IN ANCIENT
ROME
The Romans used a wide variety of materials from chalk and
sand to pozzolanic concrete mixed with mortar. The also
mixed pumice stone with concrete in order to render it lighter.
Stone was a clearly an important material:
• Marble was used to decorate surfaces
• Lime and sand stone were used for pedestrian areas
• Basaltic lava or granites were employed for uses subjected
to great stress
As with stone the Romans were extremely advanced in their
knowledge and use of different types of wood.
COLOSSEUM
WINDOWS, BATHS AND SOLAR
ENERGY IN ANCIENT ROME
Prominent features of Roman architecture were
windows and the use of solar energy.
Especially in magnificent baths, glazed windows
oriented towards the sun were usefull to heat
these large buildings.
According to this hypothesis Romans anticipated
the modern ideas about solar energy, heat
transfert and glazed windows to offer human
comfort.
ROMAN BATH
SUSTAINABLE
ARCHITECTURE
AND
GREEN ECONOMY
•
•
•
•
•
Materials
Green roof
City planning
Light
Orientation
Susteinable suburb of
stockholm
Alternative natural materials’ is a general term
that describes natural materials such as rock
or adobe that are not as commoly in use as
wood or iron.
These materials offer good thermal mass and
thermal insulation (rock, cordwood), flexibility
(bamboo) and are waterproof and fireresistant (rammed earth, papercrete).
Moreover the minimize negative effects that
our built environment can have on the planet.
‘
Green roofs are a new development in sustanaible buildings that
are gaining in popularity across the world. They can be divided in
two types:
Intensive living roofs
Extensive living roofs
Both types of green roofs can be used with small differences.
A green roof system consists of layers that mimic natural
processes and also protects the building and the roof itself.
Living roofs can be designed to grow local plants.
Green Economy is an emerging sector
including things such as organic produce,
construction of ‘green buildings’ and new
energy sources.
It represents an economical model in
contrast to the more traditional one, based
on fossil fuels.
Green economy is based on the awarness
that our biosphere is a limitated system
and we must not exploit it.
WE ARE JUST
A PIECE OF
OUR WORLD’S
JIGSAW
PUZZLE
WE planned a new sustainable school
building as our own example of green
architecture
...
...
We want to be protagonist and say how
we would like our school to be!
‘WE ARE THE ONES
WHO MAKE A
BRIGHTER DAY SO
LET START GIVING’
THE DAM
USE OF
WATER
The dam is a barrier to a natural watercourse that is used to create an artificial lake.
It can be used in different ways:
•
To produce electric energy
•
For Water supply
• To stabilize water flow for irrigation
• For flow prevention
• To prevent access of water in an area that would
otherwise be submerged
• To use water in other ways useful to men
• For the navigation when the dams are large enough,
…….otherwise they are used to block and close the
course of the river
• To create a naturalistic landscape
According to the material used for the costruction, it can be in concrete, in rocks or in
mixed materials.
Gravity dams
Which are massive concrete structures of simple geometric
shape; the area of the artificial lake is straight or arched
and the wall exposed to the water is vertical or sub-vertical
according to the slope of the valley.
This structure is extremely safe if there are natural
phenomena like earthquakes or extreme floods.
Arch dams
Their structure, which is built in concrete, is particularly
simple thanks the resistances of the arches which
transfer the load of water to the side walls of the
mountains.
Buttress dams
This structure is similar to the gravity dams, but
the wall of the dam is more inclined than the walls
of the gravity dams.
These are generally built in the valley of the river’s course, in particular in a
place of low gradient.
Today dams have increased in numbers,
quality and quantity, creating a situation
of global alert.
In the world there are more than
800 000 dams of all sizes.
A dam can store a quantity of water of
about 6000 cubic kilometers, equal to 15%
of the renewable water of the earth.
However, dams produce 19% of energy
and 16% of all global food production.
Campotosto’s Dam
Chiauci’s Dam
San Domenico’s Dam
Bomba’s lake Dam
Sant’Angelo’s dam
Penne’s Dam
Water used in DRINKS
A drink, or a beverage, is a kind of liquid
which is specifically prepared for human
consumption. There are many groups of
drinks: plain water, alcoholic drinks, nonalcoholic drinks, soft drinks (carbonated
drinks), fruit or vegetable juices and hot
drinks.
ALCOHOLIC DRINKS
An alcoholic beverage is a drink that
contains ethanol, commonly known as
alcohol. Beer has been a part of human
culture for 8000 years. The percentage of
water is about 90%.
NON-ALCOHOLIC DRINKS
A non-alcoholic drink is one that contains
little or no alcohol. This category includes
low-alcohol beer, non-alcoholic wine and
apple cider, if they contain less than 0,5%
alcohol by volume.
SOFT DRINKS
The term “soft drink” specifies the absence
of alcohol in contrast to “hard drink”.
Beverages such as soda pop, sparkling
water, iced tea, lemonade, root beer and
fruit punch are the most common soft
drinks. Some carbonated drinks are
available in versions that are sweetened
with a sugar substitute. The percentage of
water is about 85%.
FRUIT JUICES
Fruit juice is a natural product that contains few or no additives. Citrus products
such as orange and tangerine juice are familiar breakfast drinks. Grapefruit
juice, pineapple, apple, grape, lime and lemon juice are also common. Coconut
water is a highly nutritious and refreshing juice. Many kinds of berries are
crushed and their juices mixed with water and sometimes sweetened. Juices
were probably the earliest drinks besides water. Grape juice allowed to ferment
produces wine. Orange juice and coconut water remain by far the most highly
consumed juices. The percentage of water can vary from 0% to 50%.
HOT DRINKS
A hot drink is any beverage which is
normally served heated, by the addition of
a heated liquid, such as water or milk, or
directly heating the drink itself. Examples
are hot chocolate, coffee, tea, tisane, etc.
The percentage of water can vary from
25% to 50%.
In the last few years many beverage
companies have been responsible
for the lack of water in some areas
or for changes in public policy to
privatize this vital liquid, as well as ,
affect the economy of many
countries. For example, in India
70% of the population based their
subsistence on agriculture and
therefore on water; communities
living next to the bottling plants of
the multinational Coca-Cola are
suffering the gradual contamination
of the land and a progressive lack
of water caused by the huge
amounts of fresh water necessary
for the beverage manufacture. The
impact of these factors has affected
mainly the most vulnerable
communities: indigenous people,
women, disadvantaged social
classes, small farmers, who have
suffered the loss of traditional
subsistence of communities and
food security for thousands of
people.
water
Without water life does
not exist. Fresh water is used
for drinking, washing,
irrigating, producing energy.
It is the most used of the
other sources.
It is in the three-quarters of our
muscles and our brain, it makes us
assimilate food; it brings nourishment
and oxygen to the cells and removes
waste products through the blood and
lymphatic system, lubricates every
joint of our body and is its natural air
conditioning trought the sweating.
A human body can contain 47 liters of
that!!
Water totally in the world (that
covers 71% of of this)
About fresh water (3% of the total)
Glaciers
Seas and oceans
Glaciers
Aquifer
Fresh water
2% 1%
Soil/air
humidity
On the
surface
0.9%
0.3%
29.9%
97%
68.9%
The lack of water
Causes:
● Waste and bad uses
of water;
● Pollution;
● Water as
merchandise;
● Deforestation;
● Privatizations;
● Industries.
Consequences:
• Illness;
• Desertification;
• Alteration of
ecosystem;
• Incrementation of
shortage:
• Heating of weather.
Possible solution
to obtain fresh
water from
salted water
Water purification
• Water purification
is the process of
removing
undesiderable
chemicals ,
biological
contaminants,
suspended solids
and gases from
contaminated
water.
Desalination by ion
concentration polarization
During this process ,
both salts and
larger particles are
pushed away from
the membrane,
which significantly
reduces the
possibility of
membrane fouling
and salt
accumulation.
A charge-driven molecular
water pump
Nanopumps driven by
electric or magnetic fields
can transport ions and
magnetic quanta. It is a
combination of charges
positioned adjacent to a
nanopore and is inspired
by the structure of
channels in the cellular
membrane that conduct
water in and out of the cell
(aquaporins).
Ozonation in water treatment
The treatment process
does not add
chemicals to the water.
Ozone can eliminate a
wide variety of
inorganic, organic and
microbiological
problems and taste
and odor
problems. The
microbiological agents
include bacteria,
viruses, and protozons
Water as
renewable
energy
Hydropower
Wave power
4I
Federico Falcone
Chiara Firmani
Anna Coletti
Denis Le Ardi
Jessica D’Ambrosio
Luca Terenzi
Lorenzo Buccella
Alessio Chiavaroli
Valeria Cianciaruso
Paride De Nicola
Mattia Di Donato
Alexandra Diaconu
Augusto Giancola
Stefano Mazzocchetti
Ilaria Scoglio
Gianluca Sofia
4H
Antonio Agusto
Federica Carducci
Alessandro Ciarfella