TEST BANK
Chapter 1
What Is Criminal Justice?
Chapter 1 True/False
1. The conflict model says that the interests of criminal justice agencies tend to make actors
within the system self-serving.
Answer: T
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major components
and their respective functions.
Page number: 10
Level: Basic
2. In some states, the prosecutor may seek to continue the case against a defendant by filing an
information with the court.
Answer: T
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 13
Level: Intermediate
3. Evidence-based practice refers to crime-fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested
and is based on social science research.
Answer: T
Objective: Describe the role of evidence-based practice in contemporary criminal justice.
Page number: 15
Level: Basic
4. The crime epidemic of 1850–1880 was related to social upheaval caused by large-scale
immigration and the Civil War.
Answer: T
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Page number: 3
Level: Basic
5. During the 1960s and 1970s an emphasis on individual rights was accompanied by a dramatic
decrease in reported criminal activity.
Answer: F
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Page number: 4
Level: Intermediate
6. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) experienced surprisingly little fraud
after the Katrina disaster.
Answer: F
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Page number: 2
Level: Basic
7. In the mid-1980s, the sale and use of illicit drugs was at an all-time low.
Answer: F
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Page number: 3
Level: Basic
8. Public-order advocates support the interests of society over individual rights.
Answer: T
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due-process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Page number: 7
Level: Basic
9. Individual-rights advocates primarily seek to protect personal freedoms and civil rights within
the society, and especially within the criminal justice process.
Answer: T
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due-process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Page number: 7
Level: Basic
10. Criminal justice is “truth in action” within the process of administration of justice.
Answer: T
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness.
Page number: 8
Level: Basic
11. Criminology is the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the
rehabilitation and punishment of offenders.
Answer: T
Objective: Describe the role of evidence-based practice in contemporary criminal justice.
Page number: 16
Level: Basic
12. The dual goals of crime control and due process are often assumed to be opposing goals.
Answer: T
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 14
Level: Basic
13. Civil justice concerns itself with fairness in relationships among citizens, government
agencies, and businesses in private matters.
Answer: T
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness.
Page number: 8
Level: Basic
14. The systems model of criminal justice is an accurate representation of how the criminal
justice system works.
Answer: F
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major components
and their respective functions.
Page number: 9
Level: Intermediate
15. The adjudication period involves a variety of sentences that can be imposed on a defendant.
Answer: F
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 14
Level: Basic
16. The tension between individual rights and social responsibility does NOT form the basis for
policymaking activities in the criminal justice arena.
Answer: F
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due-process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Page number: 6
Level: Basic
17. The first ten amendments of the United States Constitution are collectively known as the Bill
of Rights.
Answer: T
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 12
Level: Basic
18. Contemporary multiculturalism and social diversity draw attention to racial, ethnic,
subcultural, generational, faith, economic, and gender lines.
Answer: T
Objective: Explain how multiculturalism and diversity present challenges to and opportunities
for the American system of criminal justice.
Page number: 19
Level: Intermediate
Chapter 1 Multiple Choice
1. Which model assumes that the system’s subcomponents work together harmoniously to
achieve the social product we call justice?
a. consensus model
b. crime-control model
c. due-process model
d. conflict model
Answer: a
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major components
and their respective functions.
Page number: 9
Level: Basic
2. A(n) ________ issued by a judge provides the legal basis for an apprehension of suspects by
police.
a. warrant
b. indictment
c. arraignment
d. hearing
Answer: a
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
Page number: 12
Level: Basic
3. ________ is the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation
and punishment of offenders.
a. Criminology
b. Due process
c. Psychology
d. Criminal justice
Answer: a
Objective: Describe the role of evidence-based practice in contemporary criminal justice.
Page number: 16
Level: Basic
4. Which stage in the criminal justice process involves taking pictures and fingerprints of the
suspect?
a. arraignment
b. booking
c. hearing
d. indictment
Answer: b
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
Page number: 12
Level: Basic
5. During arrest and before questioning, defendants are usually advised of their ________.
a. civil rights
b. individual rights
c. political rights
d. Miranda rights
Answer: d
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
Page number: 12
Level: Basic
6. In case of indictment, who hears evidence presented by the prosecutor and decides whether the
case should go to trial?
a. the judge
b. the police officer
c. the grand jury
d. the prosecutor
Answer: c
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 13
Level: Basic
7. Which model emphasizes individual rights?
a. conflict model
b. crime-control model
c. due-process model
d. consensus model
Answer: c
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 14
Level: Basic
8. Which of the following terms is defined as an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life?
a. criminal justice
b. vigilante justice
c. social justice
d. civil justice
Answer: c
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness.
Page number: 8
Level: Basic
9. Which model emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders?
a. due-process model
b. crime-control model
c. conflict model
d. consensus model
Answer: b
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 14
Level: Basic
10. Criminal justice involves all of the following elements, EXCEPT________.
a. cultural beliefs of right and wrong
b. violations of the criminal law
c. protection of the innocent
d. fair treatment of offenders
Answer: a
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness.
Page number: 8
Level: Intermediate
11. At the preliminary hearing, the judge will ________.
a. decide whether the case should go to trial
b. ask the defendant to enter a plea
c. tell the suspects of the charges against them
d. seek to determine whether there is probable cause
Answer: d
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 13
Level: Basic
12. The American criminal justice process begins with ________.
a. warrant
b. indictment
c. investigation
d. arraignment
Answer: c
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
Page number: 12
Level: Basic
13. At arraignment, the defendant cannot plead ________.
a. not guilty
b. guilty
c. no trial
d. no contest
Answer: c
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 13
Level: Intermediate
14. Which of the following advocates would support the protection of personal freedoms and
civil rights?
a. crime-control advocates
b. states’-rights advocates
c. public-order advocates
d. individual-rights advocates
Answer: d
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due-process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Page number: 6
Level: Difficult
15. Due process includes all of the following basic elements, EXCEPT________.
a. an opportunity to defend
b. a trial according to established procedure
c. a partial tribunal having jurisdictional authority
d. an accusation in proper form
Answer: c
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 12
Level: Intermediate
16. Which of the following advocates would support the interests of society over those of an
individual?
a. due-process advocates
b. individual-rights advocates
c. consensus model advocates
d. public-order advocates
Answer: d
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due-process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Page number: 7
Level: Difficult
17. An offender who has served a portion of a prison sentence may be freed on ________.
a. probation
b. bail
c. correction
d. parole
Answer: d
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 14
Level: Basic
18. Bernard Madoff’s operation of a Ponzi scheme is an example of ________.
a. white-collar crime
b. terrorist attack
c. grand theft
d. felonious assault
Answer: a
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Page number: 5
Level: Intermediate
19. Which of the following terms means procedural fairness?
a. case process
b. due process
c. justice process
d. adversarial process
Answer: b
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 12
Level: Basic
20. In the criminal justice process, a(n) ________ has to occur before a(n) ________ can take
place.
a. arrest; booking
b. appearance; investigation
c. sentence; trial
d. warrant; arraignment
Answer: a
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
Page number: 12
Level: Intermediate
21. Which stage of the criminal justice process is an adversarial process that pits the prosecution
against the defense?
a. arrest
b. investigation
c. trial
d. corrections
Answer: c
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 14
Level: Basic
22. Criminal justice refers to the aspects of ________ ________ that concern violations of
criminal law.
a. social justice
b. civil justice
c. corporate justice
d. administrative justice
Answer: a
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness.
Page number: 8
Level: Basic
23. Which model of criminal justice assumes that the efforts of the component parts of the
system are fragmented, leading to a criminal justice nonsystem?
a. due-process model
b. consensus model
c. crime-control model
d. conflict model
Answer: d
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major components
and their respective functions.
Page number: 10-11
Level: Intermediate
24. One purpose of ________ is to provide an opportunity for bail.
a. an arrest
b. the preliminary hearing
c. a first appearance
d. an indictment
Answer: c
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 13
Level: Basic
25. Which Supreme Court era is remembered for its concern with protecting the innocent against
massive power of the state in criminal proceedings?
a. Warren Court
b. Roberts Court
c. Burger Court
d. Rehnquist Court
Answer: a
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees due
process.
Page number: 13
Level: Basic
26. Which of the following acts was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks on the World
Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001?
a. United States Terrorism Act of 2001
b. USA PATRIOT Act of 2001
c. Armed Forces Act of 2001
d. Civil Defense Act of 2001
Answer: b
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Page number: 4
Level: Basic
27. Who created a cabinet-level “drug czar” position to coordinate the “war on drugs”?
a. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor
b. President Ronald Reagan
c. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas
d. President George H. W. Bush
Answer: b
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Page number: 4
Level: Basic
28. ________ describes a society that is home to a multitude of different cultures.
a. Postmodernism
b. Multiculturalism
c. Polygamy
d. Professionalism
Answer: b
Objective: Explain how multiculturalism and diversity present challenges to and opportunities
for the American system of criminal justice.
Page number: 18
Level: Basic
29. Multiculturalism is usually linked with what other term?
a. conformity
b. morality
c. diversity
d. nobility
Answer: c
Objective: Explain how multiculturalism and diversity present challenges to and opportunities
for the American system of criminal justice.
Page number: 18
Level: Intermediate
30. Which statement does NOT correspond to early criminal justice education?
a. It was a kind of extension of on-the-job training for working practitioners.
b. It encouraged scientific research into the operation of the criminal justice system.
c. It focused on the application of general management principles to the administration of police
agencies.
d. It came to be seen as a practical field of study concerned largely with issues of organizational
effectiveness.
Answer: b
Objective: Describe the role of evidence-based practice in contemporary criminal justice.
Page number: 16
Level: Intermediate
31. ________ refers to crime-fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based
on social science research.
a. Consensus model
b. Social justice
c. Social control
d. Evidence-based practice
Answer: d
Objective: Describe the role of evidence-based practice in contemporary criminal justice.
Page number: 15
Level: Basic