Renaissance and
Reformation
World History
McRae
Warm Up: Define Renaissance
and Humanist (Ch. 17 in book)
Renaissance – Rebirth of classical ideas.
The Renaissance was a time of creativity
and change in many areas – political, social,
economic and cultural. Emphasis placed on
the achievements of individual human
beings.
The Renaissance Began in Italy
• Renewed interest in Roman
literature and life. 1300-1650
• Ruins of Roman empire dotted
the Italian countryside.
• Crusades and trade with the
Middle East Brought Italians
into contact with Byzantine
civilization.
• Increased trade brought wealth
and wealth brought the leisure
time to pursue other interests.
• Byzantine scholars had
preserved much learning from
classical Greece and Rome.
• The Pope made Rome the
capitol of the Catholic Church in
the West.
Humanism
• Define “humanism”
• Humanism – intellectual movement at the
heart of the Italian Renaissance that
focused on worldly subjects rather than
on religious issues.
• Humanists were usually Christians who
believed that the individual in the here and
now had an important role to play.
• Education was important.
• Emphasis on individual achievement.
• Emphasis on classical Greek and Roman
texts.
Renaissance Man
vs. Woman
• Renaissance man = someone who could
do it all. Sing, dance, write poetry,
sports, artist, thinker, composer. Well
rounded man.
• (Leonardo Da Vince only authentic one)
• Renaissance Woman= Strive to be
educated. Were to inspire art, not
create it themselves.
Qualities of Art Work of
Renaissance
• Lifelike- looked realistic; artists
studied the human body
• Perspective- Had depth; used 3D
• Emotion- revealed the artist’s feelings
• Secular- religious overtone to the
piece.
• Non-Secular- sometimes not religious
Italian Geniuses of
Renaissance Art – Leonardo
• Leonardo da Vinci
(1452) – artist (Mona
Lisa, The Last
Supper), inventor
( helicopter, weapons,
music box, many
more), architect,
botanist, musician,
anatomy, optics,
engineering.
Italian Geniuses of
Renaissance Art – Leonardo
La Giaconda: The
Mona Lisa – Louvre
Museum, Paris
Italian Geniuses of
Renaissance Art – Leonardo
Helicopter
Italian Geniuses of
Renaissance Art – Leonardo
Trebuchet
Italian Geniuses of Renaissance
Art - Michelangelo
• Michelangelo –
Italian painter and
sculptor. Total
realism in art. Pieta
and David. Murals
on the ceilings of
the Sistine Chapel
in the Vatican.
Italian Geniuses of Renaissance
Art - Michelangelo
The Pieta
Italian Geniuses of Renaissance
Art - Michelangelo
The David –
Florence, Italy
Italian Geniuses of Renaissance
Art - Michelangelo
Italian Genius of Renaissance
Writing - Machiavelli
• Machiavelli published a book in 1513,
The Prince. Theorized about how a
perfect ruler would govern.
• Stressed that the end justifies the
means. Urged rulers to use whatever
means necessary to achieve their
goals.
The Northern Renaissance
• Renaissance moved to England,France,
Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.
• Erasmus – Dutch priest and Humanist.
Writes Praise of Folly (Most famous book of
Time period). He was disturbed by the
corruption in the Catholic Church and called
for reform.
• Thomas More- Writes UTOPIA= Perfect
society. No Crime. Killed by Henry VIII for
not helping him get a divorce.
Genius Writers of the Northern
Renaissance
• William Shakespeare
– England.
Playwright between
1590-1613. Wrote
about the actual
human condition of
his time.
• Cervantes – Spain.
Novelist. Wrote Don
Quixote.
The Printing Revolution
• Printing Press – allowed
new ideas to spread more
easily. Spread from China
to Middle East to Europe.
• Gutenberg: invented a new
type of printing press.
Used movable type.1st
Book printed= Bible
• Books suddenly within
reach of ordinary person.
Protestant Reformation
• Selling indulgences - The Church taught that most
Christians after death went to purgatory to suffer a time
of punishment for their sins before going to heaven.
Indulgences were intended to remit a part of that time.
They were granted previous to death by the Church for
various good works that came to include monetary
offerings. This last became very controversial because it
appeared that the Church was selling the right to avoid
all or part of an individual’s time in purgatory.
Protestant Reformation
• Martin Luther – Catholic
priest in Germany who
Protested the corruption in
the church and proposed
reform.
• Published 95 Theses.
• Was excommunicated by
Leo X
• Began his own church –
Lutheran Church
• Took refuge with Frederick
the Wise
• Translated Bible into
German.
Protestant Reformation
• Anglican Church (textbook,
page 351) – Protestant
Church in England.
• Begun by Henry VIII in 1534.
Protestant Reformation
• Anglican Church (textbook,
page 351) – Protestant
Church in England.
• Begun by Henry VIII so he
could divorce his first wife,
Catherine of Aragon.
Protestant Reformation
• Anglican Church (textbook,
page 351) – Protestant
Church in England.
• Begun by Henry VIII so he
could divorce his first wife,
Catherine of Aragon.
• Henry married Anne Boleyn,
whom he had beheaded only
a few years later.
The Church of England
• Between 1536 and 1540, Henry
had monasteries and convents
closed.
• When Henry died in 1547, his 10
year old son Edward became
king. He “ruled” only 5 years.
• Henry’s Catholic daughter Mary I
came to the throne. Tried to
return England to Catholicism.
Burned dissenters at the stake.
“Bloody Mary”
The Church of England
• Between 1536 and 1540, Henry
had monasteries and convents
closed.
• When Henry died in 1547, his 10
year old son Edward became
king. He “ruled” only 5 years.
• Henry’s Catholic daughter Mary
came to the throne. Tried to
return England to Catholicism.
Burned dissenters at the stake.
“Bloody Mary”
• When Mary died in 1558, Henry’s
Protestant daughter Elizabeth
took the throne. She returned
England to Protestantism.
Scientific Revolution
• Copernicus –
heliocentric theory.
(page 357)
Scientific Revolution
• Copernicus – heliocentric theory. (page 357)
• Kepler – mathematically proved Copernicus’ theory of
planetary motion.
• Galileo – suffered at hands of Catholic Church for
preaching the theory.
Scientific Revolution
• Copernicus – heliocentric
theory. (page 357)
• Kepler – mathematically
proved Copernicus’ theory
of planetary motion.
• Galileo – suffered at hands
of Catholic Church for
preaching the theory.
• Leeuwenhoek –
Microscope/ discovered
bacteria
• Hooke – cell theory
• Boyle – Father of Modern
Chemistry.
• Priestly – discovered
oxygen as an element
Scientific Revolution
• Copernicus – heliocentric
theory. (page 357)
• Kepler – mathematically
proved Copernicus’ theory of
planetary motion.
• Galileo – suffered at hands of
Catholic Church for preaching
the theory.
• Leeuwenhoek – Microscope/
discovered bacteria
• Hooke – cell theory
• Boyle – Father of Modern
Chemistry.
• Priestly – discovered oxygen
as an element
• Newton – laws of physics and
gravity.