Section 1.2: Microscopes
allow us to see inside the cell
The microscope is an important tool
• Different types of microscopes are used to
observe different things
Compound Light microscope- allow
scientists to see living cells
Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)produce a 3-D image of a cell’s surface
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)produce a 2-D image of the inside of a cell
**SEM and TEM do not allow scientists to see
living cells, but they do magnify objects up
to a million times**
Cells are divided into two categories
• The difference between the two types of
cells is the location of the genetic
material
• Eukaryotic cell - have a nucleus that
contains the genetic material for a cell
• Prokaryotic cells - do not have a
nucleus and the genetic material is in the
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
Cells are diverse
• Eukaryotic cells
have organelles
- internal parts of
a cell that
perform
particular
functions
• cytoplasm
- a jelly-like
material inside
the cell
Plant Cell
cytoplasm
Cells are diverse
• Eukaryotic cells have organelles
- internal parts of a cell that perform
particular functions
• cytoplasm - a jelly-like material inside the
cell
• cell membrane
- protective covering that controls entry into
and out of cell
“The Traffic Cop”
Plant Cell
cytoplasm
cell
membrane
Organelles found in cells
• Nucleus
- stores genetic
material the cell
needs to reproduce
and function
“The Control
Center”
Plant Cell
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell
membrane
Organelles found in cells
• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to
reproduce and function. “The Control Center”
• Ribosomes
- process information from the nucleus and
builds protein
“Protein Factories”
Plant Cell
nucleus
ribosomes
cytoplasm
cell
membrane
Organelles found in cells
• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to
reproduce and function. “The Control Center”
• Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus
and builds protein. “Protein Factories”
• Endoplasmic reticulum
- moves materials around the cell
“Cell Highway”
Plant Cell
nucleus
endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
cytoplasm
cell
membrane
Organelles found in cells
• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to
reproduce and function. “The Control Center”
• Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus
and builds protein. “Protein Factories”
• Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials
around the cell. “Cell Highway”
• Mitochondria
- uses oxygen to process food (process
called cellular respiration)
“Powerhouse of the Cell”
Plant Cell
nucleus
endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
cytoplasm
cell
membrane
mitochondria
Organelles found in cells
• Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to
reproduce and function. “The Control Center”
• Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus
and builds protein. “Protein Factories”
• Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials
around the cell. “Cell Highway”
• Mitochondria - uses oxygen to process food in a
process called cellular respiration.
“Powerhouse of the Cell”
Golgi apparatus
- finishes processing and packaging proteins
“The Finisher”
Plant Cell
Golgi
nucleus
apparatus
endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
cytoplasm
cell
membrane
mitochondria
Organelles found in cells
• vesicles
- transport materials from endoplasmic
reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
-”The Delivery Truck”
vesicles
Golgi
Plant Cell
nucleus
apparatus
endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
cytoplasm
cell
membrane
mitochondria
Organelles found in cells
• vesicles
- transport
materials from
endoplasmic reticulum
to the Golgi apparatus.
-”The Delivery
Truck”
• *cell wall
- tough outer
covering that shapes and
supports a plant cell
vesicles
Golgi
Plant Cell
nucleus
apparatus
endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
cytoplasm
cell wall
cell
membrane
mitochondria
Organelles found in cells
• vesicles
- transport materials from endoplasmic
reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
-”The Delivery Truck”
• *cell wall
- tough outer covering that shapes and
supports a plant cell
• *chloroplasts
- use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a
plant cell
vesicles
Golgi
Plant Cell
nucleus
apparatus
endoplasmic
reticulum
chloroplast
ribosomes
cytoplasm
cell wall
cell
membrane
mitochondria
Organelles found in cells
• vesicles
- transport materials from endoplasmic
reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
-”The Delivery Truck”
• *cell wall
- tough outer covering that shapes and
supports a plant cell
• *chloroplasts
- use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a
plant cell
• *central vacuole
- hold water, waste and other materials in a
plant cell
vesicles
Golgi
Plant Cell
nucleus
apparatus
endoplasmic
reticulum
chloroplast
ribosomes
central
vacuole
cytoplasm
cell wall
cell
membrane
mitochondria
endoplasmic
reticulum
Animal Cell
nucleus
ribosomes
Golgi
apparatus
vesicles
mitochondria
cytoplasm
cell
membrane
Organelles found in cells
• *lysosomes
(only found in
animal cells)
- break
down waste
materials
“Digestion
Center”
endoplasmic
reticulum
Animal Cell
nucleus
ribosomes
Golgi
apparatus
*lysosomes
vesicles
mitochondria
cytoplasm
cell
membrane