Introduction
Cells
By Mr. Lin
Image Courtesy of http://www.cnas.missouristate.edu/labimages/Biology/Bio122/images/Week%208%20Images/Liver%20cells.JPG
What Are Cells?
What are cells?
• Cells are the “building blocks” to living
things.
– Each cell has a job in an animal or plant’s
body in order to keep it functioning properly.
• Organelles:
– Every cell is made up of smaller parts that
help keep the cell healthy. These are called
organelles.
Types of Cells
• Animal cells:
– Cells that make up an animal.
• Plant cells:
– Cells that make up a plant.
• Plant and Animal cells are similar.
However there are a few key differences,
which we will discuss later on.
Animal Cells
• Well, let me use a . . . Simile .
• “Animal cells are like cities.”
Image Courtesy of http://www.norfolkdevelopment.com/demographic-facts/images/RedSkySkyline.jpg
Animal Cells have . . .
City Limits: Boundaries
Image Courtesy of http://www.system-safety.org/~issc_2006/abq-city-limits.gif
Animal Cells also have . . .
A City Government: They control the environment
Image Courtesy of http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/images/cityhall/cityhall-large.gif
Animal Cells have . . .
A Constitution: Plan on how to run the city
Image Courtesy of http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/images/constitution01.gif
Animal Cells have . . .
Power Plants: To Provide Energy
Image Courtesy of http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/acidrain/images/ar-stacks.jpg
Animal Cells have . . .
Warehouses: For storing food and waste
Image Courtesy of http://www.treepad.com/photo_album/amsterdam/images/32.jpg and
http://images.trucks.com/images/47a.jpg
Animal Cells have . . .
Space To Move Around In: Roads, sidewalks, lawns, playgrounds,
parks
Image Courtesy of http://www.mccullagh.org/db9/10d-13/midtown-manhattan-city-street.jpg
Nucleus: The
Control Center
for all the cell’s
activities.
Chromosomes:
Thread-like
structures that
contain
information about
the animal’s
characteristics.
Holds DNA.
Vacuoles:
Stores food and
waste
Mitochondria:
The Power Plant
releases energy
from food.
Cytoplasm: The
jellylike
substance that
fills the cell.
Allows other
organelles to
move around
Cell Membrane:
Separates
surrounding with
what’s outside.
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
The Nucleus
Mitochondria
Plant Cells
• Well, let me use a . . . Simile .
• “Plant cells are like fortified cities.”
Image courtesy of http://www.softxs.ch/alan/travel/oman/forts/pb120310.jpg
Plant Cells have . . .
Walls: A Stiff protection against intruders
Image Courtesy of http://www.panoramio.com/photos/medium/4674/middle-head-fortssydney.jpg
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
A Food-maker from the Sun: “Magical” devices that turn the
sun’s energy into food and sugar.
Image Courtesy of http://www.sunflowerproject.org/sunflower-field-fs.jpg
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
City Limits: Boundaries
Image Courtesy of http://www.system-safety.org/~issc_2006/abq-city-limits.gif
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
A City Government: They control the environment
Image Courtesy of http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/images/cityhall/cityhall-large.gif
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
A Constitution: Plan on how to run the city
Image Courtesy of http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/images/constitution01.gif
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
Power Plants: To Provide Energy
Image Courtesy of http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/acidrain/images/ar-stacks.jpg
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
Warehouses: For storing food and waste
Image Courtesy of http://www.treepad.com/photo_album/amsterdam/images/32.jpg and
http://images.trucks.com/images/47a.jpg
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
Space To Move Around In: Roads, sidewalks, lawns, playgrounds,
parks
Image Courtesy of http://www.mccullagh.org/db9/10d-13/midtown-manhattan-city-street.jpg
Cell Membrane:
Separates
surrounding with
what’s outside.
Chloroplast:
This organelle
converts the
sun’s energy into
sugar through
photosynthesis.
Cytoplasm: The
jellylike
substance that
fills the cell.
Allows other
organelles to
move around
Cell Wall: The
stiff protection on
the outside
Vacuoles:
Stores food and
waste
Mitochondria:
The Power Plant
releases energy
from food.
Nucleus: The
Control Center
for all the cell’s
activities.
Chromosomes:
Thread-like
structures that
contain
information
about the plant’s
characteristics.
Holds DNA.
IMPORTANT FACT! Animal cells have MANY small vacuoles.
Plant cells have one BIG vacuole
Cell Wall and Vacuoles
Chloroplast (and Photosynthesis)
Review
• The conversion of the sun’s energy into
sugar (food) is called . . .
– Photosynthesis
• ? + ? + ? = sugar
– Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water = sugar
• In what organelle does photosynthesis
occur?
– Chloroplast
Cell Membrane:
Separates
surrounding with
what’s outside.
Chloroplast: This
organelle converts the
sun’s energy into sugar
through photosynthesis.
Cytoplasm: The
jellylike
substance that
fills the cell.
Allows other
organelles to
move around
Vacuoles:
Stores food and
waste
Cell Wall: The
stiff protection on
the outside
Mitochondria:
The Power Plant
releases energy
from food.
Nucleus: The
Control Center
for all the cell’s
activities.
Chromosomes:
Thread-like structures
that contain
information about the
plant’s characteristics.
Holds DNA.