Foot and Mouth Disease By the time FMD is controlled in 2001, 6,094,139 animals were slaughtered, and the disease cost Great Britain an estimated £2.4-£4.1bn ($4.5-7.6 billion US dollars). Mad Cow Disease • Disease agent is a prion, or a protein bent out of shape • Spread from feeding animals bone meal • When found in US, many countries banned importation of US beef • Human variant? CreutzfeldtJakob disease Organophosphate Poisoning • Deans/ Meijer Recall- 2002 • Where: Meijer Stores All Illinois Stores All Indiana stores • What: The recall is due to possible contamination involving cows eating from a field sprayed with pesticides. Meijer, as a precaution to protect the public, is initiating its own recall. • Who: Customers are asked not to drink the milk and return it to store for full refund. Monkey Pox • • • • Gambian rats on same shipment as prairie dogs Rats gave Monkey pox to prairie dogs Prairie dogs gave Monkey pox to humans 37 confirmed cases nationwide, 7 in Indiana Cute little prairie dog Not so cute little lesion Disease transmission • Animal to Animal • Aerosol • Fecal/Oral • Fomites • Zoonotic • Vectors Animal to Animal • Like humans, animals get diseases from each other – Physical contact – Sharing food/water sources – Sharing medical equipment Aerosol • Pseudorabies virus can travel more than 2 mi. though air! • Germs can float through air and can reach animals by: – Sick animals sneezing, coughing, breathing on other animals – Ventilation systems Fecal/Oral Chi Chi’s contaminated green onions ring a bell? 510 confirmed cases and 3 deaths by November 6, 2003!!! Fomites • Inanimate objects on which diseases can live • Example- Your animal has a cold and coughs on your pencil • The germs from your animal are now on the pencil • Do you still want to chew on your pencil? Zoonotic • Diseases that can be passed from animal to human • Examples– – – – – Rabies Club lamb fungus Ringworm Monkey pox BSE???? Vectors Infected animal Vector Healthy animal 3 aspects of Animal Biosecurity • Traffic Control • Sanitation • Isolation Traffic Control • Minimize who comes on and off farm – Delivery trucks – Milk haulers – Wild animals • OR… who comes into contact with animals – Neighbors – Protective clothing Sanitation • Keep it clean! – Animal stalls should be cleaned – Vaccinate livestock – Personal hygienewashing hands! – Avoid handling sick animals – Wear protective clothing Isolation This is the opposite of isolation! Isolation • Keep new or show animals: – In an area totally separate from other animals – A month is best – To make sure new/show animal is not carrying a disease Why care about Animal Biosecurity? • Impact on human health • Impact on animal health • Economics Human Health • Safe food supply needed for healthy population • Food supply an easy target • Not many people can produce own food if US food supply compromised Animal Health • Sick animals=low production • Mass death Economics • No meat/milk/cheese/eggs to sell means no profits • Illness=fear ex.- BSE and importation of beef stopped • Who HAS safe food can charge a bundle for itorganic or “grass fed beef” can =$6.00/lb