March 11, 2014
Colloquium at Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Presentation tricks for a variety of
psychological research:
Projecting two different visual stimuli without
being noticed by viewers
Kazuo Mori
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
My collaborators
Hideko Mori,
Nagano
Bunkagakuen
College, JP
Maryanne Garry, Victoria
Univ. of Wellington, NZ.
Lauren Hewitt
(Lauren French),
Curtin
University, AU
Akitoshi Uchida,
Togakushi Junior
High School, JP
Miho Arai,
Kanto Gakuen
University, JP
The basic principle:
Polarization of light
The 1st Generation: Slides
First polarizer
Second polarizer
Simple replacement by video
projectors did NOT work
X
An LCD polarizes the light
Polarized
light
Polarizer
Liquid crystal
Polarizer
ON OFF
Voltage
The already-polarized image
would be blocked
by one of the first polarizers.
The 2nd Generation (Mori, 2003) :
LCD projectors with sideways framing
First built-in polarizer
Early Applications of the MORI
technique (Mori, 2003)
• Kanematsu, et al. (2003). Memory distortion in eyewitness
pairs who observed nonconforming events and discussed
them, Journal of Faculty of Education, Shinshu University,
109, 75-84.
• Hirokawa, K., Matsuno, E., Mori, K., & Ukita, J. (2006).
Relationship between masculinity-femininity and
concession in an experimental collaborative eyewitness
testimony. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 132-139.
• Mori, K. & Mori, H. (2008). Conformity among
cowitnesses sharing same or different information about
an event in experimental collaborative eyewitness
testimony. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 106, 275-290.
MORI Technique did not work
with new projectors!
• Projector makers changed the LCD
alignments for an undisclosed reason.
• An LCD projector of any make cannot
be used for the MORI Technique!
Projector makers changed the LCD
alignments
↑ ↑ ↑
Old type: Three LCD panels aligned.
– A single polarizer can block the total image.
New type: The G panel crossed.
↑ →
↑
– A single polarizer can block either the green or
magenta (red + blue) fraction.
New LCD projectors of any make cannot be
used for the
– What a short life of the new invention!
DLP Projectors saved
the MORI technique
A DLP uses tiny
mirrors housed
on a special kind
of microchip
called a Digital
Micromirror
Device (DMD). The light projected from a DLP projector is
NOT polarized.
A DMD works like a card stunt
performance at a stadium.
Reflecting
directions of tiny
mirrors on a DMD
chip are digitally
controlled to
create an image.
The light projected from a DLP projector is NOT polarized.
The 3rd Generation (Mori, 2007a) :
DLP Version
DLP Projectors
Screen
Computers
First Polarizers
Polarizing Sunglasses
An example application: #1
• Co-witness
conformity effects
of pre-schoolers
• Mori & Takahashi
(2012)
Applications to Witness Research
• French, L., Garry, M., & Mori, K. (2008). You say tomato?
Collaborative remembering leads to more false memories
for intimate couples than for strangers. Memory, 16, 262273.
• French, L., Garry, M., & Mori, K. (2011). Relative―not
absolute―judgments of credibility affect susceptibility to
misinformation conveyed during discussion. Acta
Psychologica, 136, 119-128.
• Garry, M., French, L., Kinzett, T., & Mori, K. (2008).
Eyewitness memory following discussion: Using the MORI
technique with a Western sample. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 22, 431-439.
• Also, by other groups in New Zealand, as well as in the
UK, Canada, and the USA, the research are in progress.
Three types of the MORI
Technique：Summary
1. Slide projectors:
Unpublished
2. LCD video projectors:
Mori (2003) BRMIC
3. DLP video projectors:
Mori (2007a) BRM
Now. It’s so
small and handy.
Video sources are
provided from a
USB memory key
inserted at the back.
The total set costs
less than US$1,000.
Projector makers changed the LCD
alignments
Old type: Three LCD panels aligned.
↑ ↑ ↑
– A single polarizer can block the total image.
New type: The G panel crossed.
↑ →
↑
– A single polarizer can block either the green or
magenta (red + blue) fraction.
No MORI Technique with LCD projectors any more!
A single LCD projector can present two different
images in green or magenta that can be blocked
separately with a polarizer.
Method：The fMORI Technique
Green
Since the Green and the other two (Red and Blue) LCD panels are placed
perpendicularly in the projector, either the Green or the Magenta fragments can be
separately blocked by polarizing filters. (See Mori, 2007, for details.)
Red & Blue
LCD projector
(EPSON LP-700)
The G fragment and
the R&B fragments are
projected together
onto the same screen.
S
T
Two pairs of polarizing
sunglasses can separate
the G fragment and the
R&B fragments.
A single LCD projector can
present two different images
Who am I?
How can we apply this technique
to psychological research?
Anagram Tasks
STIPUD
(Easy task)
PSITDU
(Difficult task)
The correct answer is STUPID.
Application examples: #2
• Self-efficacy
research (Mori
& Uchida, 2009)
Mori & Uchida (2009)
Only four
students in each
class wore the
sunglasses
which allowed
the viewers to
see the easy
tasks.
LCD projector
?
STUPID
Another application of the
fMORI technique
The Asch Experiments
Mori & Arai
(2010):
Reproduction of
Asch (1956)
without
confederates
1
Projector
1
2?
1
Still other possible
applications of fMORI
• Application to the DRM paradigm
• A new test for the Theory of Mind
• Face memory experiments.
A Modified DRM Paradigm
LCD projector
table
sit
legs
seat
couch
desk
recliner
sofa
cushion
table
sit
legs
seat
couch
chair
recliner
sofa
cushion
A New Method for Detection of
the Theory of Mind
An
apple
A banana
Conformity Research
Using a Face Memory Task
Collaborators
If you’d like to try
the MORI technique,
Simply e-mail me at:
kaz-mori@cc.tuat.ac.jp
It costs
$2 million
to conduct
fMRI research.
But, you need
only $2,000
to launch
fMORI research.
The equipment
can be prepared
by Kaz Mori
from a MEXT grant.
For witness studies using the
MORI technique. The total
set costs only about $1,000.
On request, I can lend a set
to you.
The fMORI technique
requires only one LCD
projector. You can use the
one your have already in
your lab.
So, all you need is a new idea for application of it.
References for the MORI Technique
For the MORI Technique, with which colored movies
can be presented using two video projectors, see:
– Mori, K. (2003) Surreptitiously projecting different movies to
two subsets of viewers. Behavior Research Methods,
Instruments, and Computers, 35, 599-604.
– Mori, K. (2007a). A revised method for projecting two
different movies to two groups of viewers without their
noticing the duality. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 574578.
– French, L., Gerrie, M.P., Garry, M., & Mori, K. (2009).
Evidence for the efficacy of the MORI technique: Viewers do
not notice or implicitly remember details from the alternate
movie version. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1224-1232.
Reference for the fMORI Technique
For the fMORI Technique, that can present
monochrome still photos or written words using just
one LCD projector, see:
– Mori, K. (2007b). Projecting two words with one
machine: Presenting two different visual stimuli using
just one projector without viewers’ noticing the duality.
Behavior Research Methods, 39, 811-815.
References for applications
• French, L., Garry, M., & Mori, K. (2011). Relative―not
absolute―judgments of credibility affect susceptibility to
misinformation conveyed during discussion. Acta
Psychologica, 136, 119-128.
• Mori, K. & Arai, M. (2010). No need to fake it:
Reproduction of the Asch experiment without using
confederates. International Journal of Psychology, 45,
390-397.
• Mori, K. & Mori, H. (2011). No confederates needed:
Social comparison without collaboration. Social Behavior
& Personality, 39, 543-552.
• Mori, K. & Uchida, A. (2009). Can contrived success
affect self-efficacy among junior high school pupils?
Research in Education, 82, 60-68.
All the referred papers are
downloadable from my website.
• Just Google with “Kaz Mori Psychology.”
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by a
Grant-in-Aid from the Japanese
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science, and Technology （ MEXT)
(Grant Nos. 16330139 and 16653054).
I express thanks to my collaborators,
Lauren French and Maryanne Garry,
and my students, Hideko, Akitoshi,
Miho, and others, who contributed to
the improvement of the technique and
conducted experiments using it. I am
much indebted to Rebecca Ann Marck
for her kind help in preparation of the
presentation slides.
Danke schön!