Human Anatomy and Physiology
II Lab
Life Sciences 241 L
Objectives
• Syllabus
• Lab 1 - Cardiovascular system (Heart)
– Anatomical orientation
– Composition of cardiovascular system and
position of the heart
– Layers of the heart
– Heart chambers, valves, and vessels
– Flow of Blood Through the Heart
Course Guideline
• Outline of labs
• Texts required
• Attendance
• Grading policy
Cardiovascular System
Heart Anatomy
Lab 1
Anatomical orientation
• Anatomical Planes
– frontal (coronal), sagital, transverse
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Proximal vs distal
Anterior vs posterior
Superior vs inferior
Medial vs lateral
Superfical vs deep
Ipsilateral vs contralateral
Anatomical Planes
Proximal
Proximal vs Distal
Distal
Posterior
Anterior
Anterior vs Posterior
Superior
Superior vs Inferior
Inferior
Medial vs Lateral
Superficial vs Deep
Superficial
Medial
Deep
Lateral
Ipsilateral vs Contralateral
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
The cardiovascular system
• Heart
• Blood vessels
– arteries
– veins
– capillaries
• Blood
Anatomical Position of the Heart
• What organs or tissues are around the heart?
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Anterior?
Posterior?
Left?
Right?
Superior?
Inferior?
Anatomical Position of the Heart
Layers of the Heart
Superficial
Deep
Layers of the Heart
• Endocardium
– deepest layer of the
heart
– smooth lining to reduce
friction of bloodflow
• Myocardium
– middle layer of the
heart
– location of muscle
fibers responsible for
pumping
• Pericardium
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outer protective layer
composed of :
visceral pericardium
paricardial cavity
parietal pericardium
Cardiac Chambers
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Atrium
Left
Ventricle
Heart Chambers
• Atriums
– Receives blood from
veins
– Empties blood into
ventricles through the
AV valves.
– Smaller, sac-like
chambers of the heart
• Ventricles
– Receives blood from
atriums through AV
valves
– Pumps blood away
from heart through the
semilunar valves.
– Large, muscular
chambers of the heart.
Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart
Aorta
Superior
Vena Cava
Pulmonary
arteries
Pulmonary
viens
Inferior
Vena Cava
Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart
Systematic circuit
• Superior Vena Cava
– collects deoxygenated blood from upper body and
delivers it to right atrium
• Inferior Vena Cava
– collects deoxygenated blood from lower body and
delivers it to right atrium
• Aorta
– carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the
rest of the body
Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart
Pulmonary circuit
• Pulmonary arteries
– carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right
ventricle
• Pulmonary veins
– carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left
atrium
Valves
Right AV
(tricuspid)
valve
Chordai
tendineae
Papillary
muscle
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
Aortic
semilunar valve
Left AV
(bicuspid)
valve
Valves of the Heart
Atrioventricular valves
• Right AV (Tricuspid)
– separates the right atrium
from the right ventricle.
Prevents backflow into
atrium.
• Left AV (Bicuspid)
– separates the left atrium
from the left ventricle.
Prevents backflow into
atrium.
Semilunar valves
• Pulmonary valve
– separates the right
ventricle from the
pulmonary arteries.
Prevents backflow after
ventricular contraction.
• Aortic valve
– separates the left ventricle
from the aorta. Prevents
backflow after ventricular
contraction .
Heart Valve
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Summary
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Introduction
Anatomical Orientation
Cardiovascular System
Heart Anatomy
Blood Flow through the Heart
Take home assignment
Next week - Blood Vessels