Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Successful example of geothermal energy development
in Volcanic Caribbean Islands
“Bouillante” Plant presentation and lessons learnt
(in Guadeloupe)
Philippe BEUTIN & Philippe LAPLAIGE
ADEME (French Agency for Environment and Energy Management)
Renewable Energy Division
500, route des Lucioles – 06560 Valbonne – France
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
ADEME 2006
• Staff: 850 (65 on Renewable energy technologies - RET)
• 26 Regional offices ( 4 overseas)
• Budget 2006: 300 M€ ( 70 M€ on RET)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
ADEME: Geothermal energy background (1)
‣ Heat production and distribution:
⃼ support to low enthalpy geothermal operations: 34 operations fully
competitive ( 300 MWth)
⃼ plan launched to have 10 additional projects ( + 100 MWth) by 2010
⃼ risk reduction financial fund (RRFF): established in the 80’s and managed by
ADEME with the involvement of all stakeholders
• drilling risk reduction: up to 65% of drilling costs (if dry well)
• long term risk reduction to address geological events which could affect
project viability (t°, Q, scaling)
• 10 M€ to be paid on the period as financial compensations
• RRFF to be expanded financially in 2006 to integrate new projects
⃼ World Bank consultant to run the GEOFUND project (Eastern Europe,
Federation of Russia, Central Asia)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
ADEME: Geothermal energy background (2)
‣ Electricity generation:
⃼ Project support in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Reunion Regions in
partnership with the Regional Councils on feasibility studies,
exploration work, RRFF implementation
- Guadeloupe: launch of Bouillante phase 3 - 2006-2010
(10-30 MWe) under the EDF/BRGM leadership
- Martinique and Reunion: exploration works (geological surveys
and drilling)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
ADEME: Geothermal energy background (3)
‣ Electricity generation:
⃼ R&D project on HDR (Hot Dry Rocks / Deep heat mining): pilot plant
(4.5 MWe ) and three wells 5 000 m deep
to validate new concepts
- Phase 2 ( 2004-2008): 21 M€ supported
by ADEME (France), BMU (Germany) and
EU Commission, with EDF/EDS as leader
of the EU consortium
- Technology transfer possible in the
Caribbean (stimulation to increase permeability).
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Map of the Caribbean volcanic
islands (red color) and their active
or recent volcanoes.
Subduction of the Atlantic Plate
below the Caribbean Plate
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Energy in the Caribbean
- More than 90% of electricity generated from
fossils fuels, with strong Greenhouse gas
impacts
- Low contribution of Renewable energy
sources at this stage :
- Biomass
- Hydro
- Solar
- Wind
- Geothermal
- Electricity needs increase by 4-5% every
year.
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Volcanic
Islands
Survey
Prefeasibility
Deep
drillings
Installed
capacity
(MWe)
Expected
Potential
(MWe)
Saba
yes
St Eustatius
yes
St Kitts
yes
Nevis
yes
Montserrat
yes
yes
Guadeloupe
yes
yes
Dominica
yes
yes
Martinique
yes
yes
yes
10- 50
Ste Lucia
yes
yes
yes
10-50
St Vincent
yes
yes
Grenada
yes
10-50
yes
15
30 - 50
50 -100
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Geothermal resources might contribute to
power generation in some islands instead
of fossil fuels
St Kitts and Nevis, promising areas
Bouillante, the case history
in Caribbean
Dominica, the most promising
geothermal potential
Martinique, promising areas in
the north and in the south
Sainte-Lucie, promising areas
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
The Bouillante geothermal field, Guadeloupe
Urban area
Steep topography area
Sea proximity
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
The story of the Bouillante geothermal exploitation
1963
1969
1986
2001
2004
First survey
(BRGM)
First drillings
(EURAFREP)
First 4,5 MWe
power plant
(EDF)
Drilling 3 new wells
(GEOTHERMIE BOUILLANTE)
Second 11 MWe
power plant
(GEOTHERMIE BOUILLANTE)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Bouillante Unit 1 (4.7 MW)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Schematic view of the plant (4.7 MW)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Séparateurs
vapeur
Puits
BO-2
Turbine
Chambre de
décharge
Vue aérienne de l'exploitation géothermique actuelle "Bouillante 1"
(lors d'un test de coloration du rejet pour une étude d'impact)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
N
The Bouillante geothermal field
(O,84 My)
(O,6 My)
(1,12 My)
Pointe
à Lézard
Machette F.
(<O,6 My)
Bouillante
Bay
Marsolle F.
Bouillante
Bo-3
Caribbean
Sea
Bo-2
Cocagne F.
Bo-1
Bo-4
Bo-5
Bo-6
Bo-7
Main zone
of surface
manifestations
Hot spring
Muscade
(No date)
Main fault zones
(No date)
Inclined, deviated
production well
- Several main normal faults which
promote permeability and fluid
circulations at depth and represent
potential fractured reservoirs;
Descoudes F.
Recent volcanic
center (age M. y)
Exploratory well
- Several recent eruptive centers (<1
MA) around the Bouillante Bay, with
the possible occurrence of shallow
magmatic intrusion under cooling;
- Only a part of the reservoir is now
exploited through BO-4 vertical
production well, BO-5 and BO-6
deviated and inclined production wells
which intersect the Cocagne Fault.
Thomas
1 km
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Simplified model of fluid circulations in the Bouillante geothermal reservoir
Rainfall
Infiltration
Seawater
Infiltration
500 m
250°
1000 m
Fractured reservoir
Simplified cross-section along a West-East profile within the Bouillante geothermal
field showing the assumed model of fluid circulation with seawater and rainfall
recharge, mixing (60% seawater + 40% rainfall) and heating to 250-270°C.
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
ORKUSTOFNUN
COMPAGNIE FRANCAISE DE GEOTHERMIE
Bouillante Wells 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7
Temperature (°C)
60
80
100
120
140
160
Depth (m)
0
180
200
220
240
260
0
100
100
200
200
300
300
400
400
500
500
600
600
700
700
800
800
900
900
1000
1000
1100
1200
1300
BO-2, 16-03-2002 static
BO-4, 15-03-2002 static
BO-5, 13-03-2002 static
BO-6, 14-03-2002 static
BO-7, 13-03-2002 static
Selected temperature profiles in
the Bouillante wells.
240°C at shallow level (well BO-2)
Reservoir temperature
around 250°C
1100
1200
1300
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Conduite
d'amenée
d'eau de mer
Unité
Bouillante 1
BO2
4
BO3
3
périmètre de
l'exploitation
actuelle
Layout of main
existing equipements
Site retenu pour
Bouillante 2
BO1
e
vin
Ra
Trajet approximatif
de la conduite vapeur
Blanche
2
1
0
500 m
Plateforme du puits existant
BO-4 et des nouveaux puits
BO-5, BO-6 et BO-7
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
The well platform and the equipment used for drilling directional wells BO-5,
BO-6 and BO-7 (Dec. 2000 - May 2001). The Caribbean sea in background
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
View of the well pad for drilling operations of the three new wells- BO-5, BO-6 et BO-7- in Bouillante. Above (left), details of
the BO6 wellhead and above (right) vapor discharge during a production test (May 2001)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Partial view of the well pad with four well heads BO-4 to BO-7, at the end of the
construction work and of the geothermal fluid transportation pipe to the power plant
(March 2002).
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Main characteristics of the 7 deep wells drilled at Bouillante
Well
Year
Trajectory
Total length
(m)
Bottom hole
T (°C)
Result
No HP production
BO-1
1969
vertical
850
(225)
BO-2
1970
vertical
350
245-250
BO-3
1970
vertical
850
(245)
BO-4
1974-77
vertical
2 500
250
Low producer
(Stimulation needed)
BO-5
2001
deviated
1 197
250
Good producer
BO-6
2001
deviated
1 248
250
Good producer
BO-7
2001
deviated
1 400
240
No HP production
Producer
No HP production
High temperature conditions at shallow depth (< 1000 m deep) but strong anisotropy
in permeability related to fracture network and possibly to scaling (carbonates, silica).
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
SE
NW
200
200
Descoudes
Fault
Plateau
Fault
Cocagne
Fault
0
Sea level
0
0
0
200
-200
-200
200
40
BO-2
-400
0
40
0
-400
60
60
0
0
600
-600
80
80
0
800
-800
1000
Location
of the main
feed zone
0
-600
Thick
calcite
vein
10
100 0
120
BO-6
0
-1000
140
120 0
0
BO-7
-1200
- Only the Cocagne Fault appears to
be highly permeable.
-800
00
1200
-1000
Cross-section along a NW-SE
profile showing well trajectories,
location and quality of permeable
zones in relation with faults
deduced from surface geology.
-1200
- Plateau Fault shows low
permeability.
- Descoudes Fault has no permeability
possibly due to carbonates scaling
140 0
-1400
-1400
BO-4
0
200
0
400
200 M
600
800
1000
1200
High permeable productive zone
Low permeable productive zone
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Partial view of the constuction phase with the geothermal fluid transportation two-phase pipe and the fluid separator (December .2001)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Aerial view of the well pad
and the pipe route.
Steep topography and urban
area reduce land availability
for well pads, pipe routes,
etc…, and consequently may
hinder best locations for
production and reinjection
zones.
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Aerial view of the geothermal plant located within the city
Bouillante 1 Unit
(4,5 MWe)
Bouillante 2 Unit
(11 MWe)
The location of the plant within the city induced strong environmental constraints
(no noise, no steam plume, …).
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Bouillante
Sea proximity also reduces surface availability for well siting and might
require to reduce distances between production and reinjection zones.
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
Bouillante plants – main characteristics
• Bouillante 1
Double flash unit
Nominal Power capacity : 4,7 MW
One well (350 m depth)
• Bouillante 2
Single flash unit
Nominal Power capacity : 11 MW
3 wells (depth between 1 000 and 1 150 m)
• Other characteristics
Production : 30 GWh/y (Bouillante 1) and 72 GWh/y (Bouillante 2)
Availability factor : 90%
Energy contribution : 9% of the electricity consumed in Guadeloupe
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
“Bouillante” show case: lessons learnt
• Valuable experience for future developments in the region
from a scientific and operational perspective (modeling tools for
geothermal field definition, design of exploration phase, sitting
of exploitation wells to maximise success factor, monitoring of
exploitation work),
• Feed in tariff at 8 c€/kWh acceptable for electricity generation
from geothermal energy within a context of high electricity costs
in islands (15 c€/kWh or more)
• Successful implementation by ADEME/EDF of a drilling risk
reduction financial fund (based on expected outputs - vapor
production)
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006
Geothermal Development in the Caribbean – Bouillante Plant Presentation
CONCLUSIONS
Guadeloupe show case
“High enthalpy” geothermal energy exploitation in Caribbean Volcanic
islands has been demonstrated as a key technology for electricity
generation in competitive conditions.
Bouillante and other fields (will) have to face challenges related to :
- Permeability anisotropy within the geothermal reservoir: wells have to
intersect main faults in order to be good producers,
- Steep topography and limited land availability for well pad, pipe
routes…
- Environmental constraints due to urban areas or national park,
- Remote location (extra costs for surveys, drilling, logging, stimulation
and work over operations, plant maintenance,…),
- Large scale project feasible (up to 100 MW) if risk assessment from
drilling work to full operation is correctly addressed.
Eastern Caribean Geothermal Energy Project – Roseau, Dominica – March 15-17,2006