ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΩΝ
ΑΝΟΙΚΤΑ ΑΚΑΔΗΜΑΪΚΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΑ
Εισαγωγή στην Ανθρωπολογία
της Τέχνης
Πολιτισμικές σπουδές (Cultural Studies) και
ανθρωπιστικές επιστήμες
(Art_anthropology)
Διδάσκων: Καθηγητής Χρήστος Α. Δερμεντζόπουλος
Άδειες Χρήσης
•
Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε
άδειες χρήσης Creative Commons.
•
Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που
υπόκειται σε άλλου τύπου άδειας χρήσης, η
άδεια χρήσης αναφέρεται ρητώς.
Chapter 14
The Arts
Chapter Preview
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What Is Art?
•
Why Do
Anthropologists
Study Art?
•
What Are the
Functions of
the Arts?
Leo Tolstoy, or
Count Lev
Nikolayevich
Tolstoy
(September 9,
1828 –
November
20,1910).
What Is Art?
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Art is the creative use
of the human
imagination to
aesthetically interpret,
express, and engage
life, modifying
experienced reality in
the process.
Wayang golek (wooden puppets)
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Most societies past
and present have
used art to give
meaningful
expression to almost
every part of their
culture; including
ideas about religion,
kinship, and ethnic
identity.
The Cultural image of West Java is
well expressed by the beauty of the
artistically esthetic and ethics among
the community. The sharp little fingers
movements, hidden smiles, almost
melodious speeches, and dynamic
composition of movement are the
reflection of their art expressions.
What Are the Functions of Art?
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First, proceed with this caution: Trying
to classify function depends on context.
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3-Functions: Physical, Social &
Personal.
– Physical: a Fijian war club may look
nice, but it has a function.
– Social: when it addresses aspects
of collective life; Political & patriotic
posters. Music posters, satire, etc…
(has aspects of control and order).
– Individual: the need for selfexpression; communication, create
an aesthetic experience, entertain,
create chaos, therapeutic, religious
etc…
Fine Art versus Cultural Art
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Fine Art: a Western
concept of a distinct
cultural category of art
for art’s sake – serving
a purely aesthetic but
non-practical purpose.
•
Cultural Art: have a
link between art and
other aspects of
everyday life. Artistic
expression is as basic
to human beings as
talking and is by no
means limited to a
special category or
people called artists.
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On the left is a wooden spoon used by
the Dan people of Ivory Coast, West
Africa, carver unknown.
•
On the right is a bronze sculpture,
“Spoon Woman,” created by Italian
artist Alberto Giacometti in 1926.
Why Do Anthropologists Study Art?
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Anthropologists have found that art often reflects a society’s
collective ideas, values, and concerns.
•
Through the cross-cultural study of art and creativity, we discover
much about different worldviews, religious beliefs, political ideas,
social values, kinship structures, economic relations, and historical
memory.
Origins of Art
•
Entoptic Phenomena:
are visual effects
whose source is within
the eye itself.
•
These visual
disturbances (dots,
zigzags, crosshatching, and wavy
lines) are thought to be
part of the initial
phases of the trance
dance. And are
considered to be
important in prehistoric rock art
paintings.
Rock art from the San people
in Southern Africa. There are
more than 14,000 of these
paintings.
Entoptic Forms & San Rock Art
Types of Art
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Visual: The visual arts are art
forms that focus on the creation of
works which are primarily visual in
nature, such as painting,
photography, printmaking, and
filmmaking.
•
Verbal: Includes narratives,
dramas, poetry, incantations,
proverbs, riddles, word games;
Also myths, folklore, legends,
epics and tales.
•
Musical.
Man Afraid of His Horses, an
Oglala chief, smokes a
ceremonial pipe at the 1868
treaty negotiations between
the United States and the
Lakota Nation at Fort
Laramie, Wyoming.
Rock Paintings
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Bushmen in southern Africa created rock paintings
and engravings depicting animals they believed
possessed great supernatural powers.
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The discover of the Altimera caves in spain:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1HgIiUoKj6w
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRHzhvjMTgY&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AngFa_CYoVE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sA5IcgV39M&feature=related
Verbal Arts
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Oral traditions denote a culture’s unwritten stories,
beliefs, and customs.
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Include narrative, drama, poetry, incantations,
proverbs, riddles, and word games.
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Folklore is a term coined by 19th-century scholars
studying the unwritten stories and other artistic
traditions of rural peoples to distinguish between “folk
art” and the “fine art” of the literate elite.
Categories of Narratives
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Myths
– Sacred narratives that explain how the world came
to be as it is. – where we and everything in our
world came from, why we are here, and where we
are going (world views).
• Creation myths around the world
http://www.bigmyth.com/webpages/2_eng_myths.htm
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Legends
– Are stories about a memorable event or figure
handed down by tradition and told as true but
without historical evidence..
Categories of Narratives
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Epics
– Long oral narratives, sometimes in poetry or
rhythmic prose, recounting the glorious events in
the life of a real or legendary person.
•
Tales
– Fictional, secular, and nonhistorical narratives that
instruct as they entertain.
Musical Art
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Study of music in specific cultural settings has
developed into the specialized field of
ethnomusicology.
•
Almost everywhere human music is perceived in
terms of a scale.
Tonality refers to scale systems and their
modifications.
•
•
Traditional European music is measured into
recurrent patterns of two, three, and four beats.
Divje Babe Flute (Neanderthal Art)
The Divje Babe flute is a
cave bear femur pierced
by spaced holes that was
found at the Divje Babe
archeological park located
near Idrija in northwestern
Slovenia. It has been
suggested that it is the
world's oldest (43,100
years old) musical
instrument, but this is in
dispute.
Functions of Art
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Art offers insights into a culture’s worldview, giving
clues about everything from gender and kinship
relations to religious beliefs, political ideas and
historical memory.
•
Art display social status, spiritual identity, and political
power.
Art and Healing
•
•
Navajo Indian sand
paintings, created for sacred
healing rituals, are among
countless examples of the
interconnection of art,
religion, and healing.
Each painting features
supernatural images “dry
painted” with powders made
from ground sandstone,
ochre, lime, and charcoal on
a surface of smooth clean
sand.
Social Functions of Music
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Express a group’s concerns.
•
Serves as a powerful way for a social or
ethnic group to assert a distinctive identity.
•
It may be used to advance political,
economic, and social agendas.
Art
•
Art serves functions
from the uniquely
human ability to use
symbols to give
shape and
significance to the
physical world for
more than just a
utilitarian purpose.
Jewish calendar depicting the
grandiosity of Jewish life through
symbolic art.
This is a symbolic
rendition or portrait
of a woman
showing integration
of her heavenly
(sky) nature and
that aspect of her
which is of the
Earth. The crystal
represents her
divine potential to
integrate the
heavenly and
sexual natures.
Τέλος Ενότητας
Χρηματοδότηση
•
Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια του
εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα.
•
Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο Πανεπιστήμιο
Ιωαννίνων» έχει χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο τη αναδιαμόρφωση του
εκπαιδευτικού υλικού.
•
Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος
«Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και συγχρηματοδοτείται από
την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από
εθνικούς πόρους.
Σημειώματα
Σημείωμα Ιστορικού Εκδόσεων
Έργου
Το παρόν έργο αποτελεί την έκδοση 1.0.
Έχουν προηγηθεί οι κάτωθι εκδόσεις:
•Έκδοση
1.0 διαθέσιμη εδώ.
http://ecourse.uoi.gr/course/view.php?id=1201.
Σημείωμα Αναφοράς
Copyright Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων, Διδάσκων:
Καθηγητής Χρήστος Α. Δερμεντζόπουλος.
«Εισαγωγή στην Ανθρωπολογία της Τέχνης.
Πολιτισμικές σπουδές (Cultural Studies) και
ανθρωπιστικές επιστήμες, Art_anthropology».
Έκδοση: 1.0. Ιωάννινα 2014. Διαθέσιμο από τη
δικτυακή διεύθυνση:
http://ecourse.uoi.gr/course/view.php?id=1201.
Σημείωμα Αδειοδότησης
•
Το παρόν υλικό διατίθεται με τους όρους της
άδειας χρήσης Creative Commons Αναφορά
Δημιουργού - Παρόμοια Διανομή, Διεθνής
Έκδοση 4.0 [1] ή μεταγενέστερη.
• [1] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.