Ben Cooper Memorial Tournament 2010 / ABC Spring 2010
Written by: Georgetown Day School, Brown University, and Vanderbilt University
Edited by: Matt Jackson, with assistance from Ian Eppler and Daichi Ueda
Packet 6
Tossups
1. During this conflict, Colin Campbell relieved troops whose commander, Henry Lawrence, had died
defending a Residency during the Siege of Lucknow. Supported by a female ruler who refused to give up the
kingdom of Jhansi, and inspired in part by the failed suicide of Mangal [*] Pandey, it began in the northern city
of Meerut. Participants had bitten cartridges lubricated with cow and pig lard in their new Enfield rifles. Leading to
the restoration and deposition of Bahadur Shah II, for 10 points, name this event which led to Britain obtaining India
as a crown colony in 1857, a rebellion by a namesake group of Islamic warriors.
ANSWER: Sepoy Mutiny [or Sepoy Rebellion, or Indian Mutiny, or Indian Rebellion of 1857; accept
equivalents] [MJ]
2. An old man’s desire to arrange flowers into nosegays delights this work’s protagonist, and earlier, several
men are slapped during a parlor game as they attempt to count to one thousand. The protagonist does a
dramatic reading of the Irish poet Ossian, [*] who he claims is superior to Homer, after resigning a post secured
for him by Wilhelm, and returning to Wahlheim. There, he finds that Albert has married his love, Charlotte, and
borrows a pistol to shoot himself in the head. For 10 points, name this epistolary Sturm und Drang novel about a
melancholic young artist, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
ANSWER: The Sorrows of Young Werther [accept Die Leiden des Jungen Werthers][MJ]
3. The losers’ only success in this battle saw Ysembart attack the eventual victors’ baggage convoy. Jehan de
Waurin chronicled this battle through firsthand experience. Between two hills at this battle, the victors
planted [*] palings, a type of wooden stake. Thomas Erpingham commanded the successful division of longbows.
Rain beforehand led to an incredibly muddy battlefield, which bogged down the retreating troops of Charles
d’Albret. For 10 points, name this victory for Henry V of England on St. Crispin’s Day, 1415; a part of the Hundred
Years’ War.
ANSWER: Battle of Agincourt [GDS]
4. In one of this man’s works, he notes a correlation between Irish prostitutes’ beauty and their potato
consumption. He described the “propriety of action” and “sense of propriety” in subsections of his work A
Theory of Moral [*] Sentiments. Another of his works describes the motives of the butcher, the brewer, and the
baker, and describes the self-correcting nature of markets as an “invisible hand”. For 10 points, name this Scottish
economist known for advocating laissez-faire capitalism in his 1776 work The Wealth of Nations.
ANSWER: Adam Smith [MJ]
5. One work by this author includes the political analyst Teddy Regler, who is loved by the dissatisfied Clara
Veldt. In addition to A Theft, this author depicted Tommy Wilhelm’s alienation from his father in Seize the
Day. In another novel by this author, the title character recounts his marriage to [*] Madeline and writes a
number of letters, while the protagonist of another novel is raised by Grandma Lausch. That novel opens with the
line “I am an American, Chicago born.” For 10 points, identify this author of Herzog and The Adventures of Augie
March, a Jewish-American winner of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature.
ANSWER: Saul Bellow [IE]
6. This figure was the last man nominated to the position of Flamen Dialis; two years later, he was proscribed,
stripped of his priesthood, and forced into exile. He was captured en route to Rhodes by Cilician pirates,
who, after his release, he hunted down and had killed. He once shared power with Bibulus, and at the battle
of [*] Alesia, he defeated Vercingetorix, whom he wrote about in his Commentaries on the Gallic Wars. For 10
points, name this member of the First Triumvirate, a Roman consul, general and dictator who crossed the Rubicon
and got stabbed to death by the Senate on the Ides of March.
ANSWER: Gaius Julius Caesar [JoC]
7. For an integer input, the totient function gives the number of integers that are “co”-this. When Gauss was
only 15 years old, he approximated their count by n over the natural log of n. The subject of the Goldbach
conjecture and the [*] Riemann Hypothesis, Eratosthenes developed a so-called “sieve” to find them. According to
the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, any positive integer greater than one can be written as a unique product of,
for 10 points, what type of number that has no divisors other than one and itself?
ANSWER: Prime number [accept coprime until “Gauss” is read] [AJ]
8. In some denominations, “epiclesis” precedes this practice, and Justin Martyr’s First Apology is sometimes
used as evidence that early practicioners believed in “real presence”. In the Eastern Orthodox church, this
ritual is accompanied by the [*] anaphora prayer; Scriptural precedent for this ritual is found in Matthew 26:28
and Mark 14:24. At the Marburg Colloquy, Luther and Zwingli diverged in their doctrine regarding a component of
this ritual known as transubstantiation. For 10 points, identify this rite, which involves the consumption of bread and
wine as the body and blood of Jesus.
ANSWER: Eucharist [or Holy Communion; or Lord’s Supper] [IE]
9. The Museum of Modern Art displayed a painting by this man upside down for 47 days before some one
noticed; besides La Bateau, A picture frame, dark jug, and leaping statue appear on a tall draped desk in this
artist’s Woman Reading. He depicted flowers in his Annelies, White Tulips, and Still Life with [*] Geraniums;
he’s also famous for paper cutouts and for founding an art movement including Andre Derain. Also known for
painting a woman serving numerous fruits, The Red Room, he painted five figures holding arms in a circle in another
work. For 10 points, name this painter of The Dance, Green Stripe, and Blue Nude, the leading French Fauvist.
ANSWER: Henri Matisse [JaC]
10. This river’s namesake tidal bore, also called le mascaret, was eliminated by the early 70s due to dredging.
Rising on the Langres plateau, and repeatedly used by Viking conquerors, this river’s many [*] bridges
include the cable-stayed Pont de Normandie and the Pont Neuf. An intellectual hotbed along this river, which
empties at Le Havre in the north, was the Left Bank, and it originates in the Burgundy Alps. For 10 points, name this
second-longest river in France, which flows through Paris.
ANSWER: Seine River [SR/MJ]
[HALF-TIME / SCORE CHECK]
[If a team’s roster has more than four players, that team may substitute players in or out at this point.]
11. A figure with this deity’s name and the epithet Trismegistus wrote alchemical texts while syncretized with
the Egyptian god Thoth, and another epithet describes this father of Autolycus as “conductor of souls”,
Psychopompus. He lulled the hundred eyes of [*] Argos to sleep before slaying him to save Io, and rescued a
certain great-grandson by giving him moly on Aiaia and saving him from Ogygyia, Calypso’s isle. The rod of
Asclepius has one less snake than Caduceus, his staff, and he aided Perseus by lending his characteristic winged
sandals. For 10 points, name this Greco-Roman messenger god with a winged cap.
ANSWER: Hermes [prompt “Mercury” since he first clue doesn’t apply to him but all the rest do] [MJ]
12. This idea was used to demonstrate that auxiliary constraints reduce elasticity in the short run in a work
by Paul Samuelson. The theory of response reactions is used to explain inherent violations of this principle,
while in commercial synthesis, it is applied to increase [*] yield, as in the case of the Haber-Bosch process. The
introduction of a noble gas into a system does not result in changes according to it, while the common-ion effect is a
corollary of this principle. For 10 points, identify this principle, which holds that a system at equilibrium will shift to
counteract a change in pressure, temperature, volume, or concentration.
ANSWER: Le Chatelier’s principle [IE]
13. This opera’s librettist played a leading role at its premiere; in that role, Emmanuel Schikaneder sang a
“stutter duet” after being reunited with his love. Its coloratura aria “Der Hölle Rache” reaches a high F6, and
its locales include the Temple of Ordeal. [*] Roles in this opera include the servant Monostatos, and the head
priest of Isis and Osiris, Sarastro. Also featuring the birdcatcher Papageno and the serene Tamino, who is sent on a
quest by the Queen of the Night, for 10 points, name this Mozart opera about an instrument.
ANSWER: The Magic Flute [accept Die Zauberflote] [MJ]
14. In this novel, the Stinger is fired at nine o’ clock every evening at Walworth to satisfy the Aged P, the
father of John Wemmick. At one point, a man nicknamed Dolge uses a leg iron to assault the protagonist’s
older sister. While avoiding Compeyson, that protagonist enlists the rowing of Startop and [*] Herbert Pocket,
but fails to smuggle away the convict Abel Magwitch, who reveals that he, and not the wealthy old Miss Havisham,
is the unknown benefactor. For 10 points, name this Charles Dickens novel about the rags-to-riches-to-rags life of
Pip.
ANSWER: Great Expectations [DB-N]
15. One enemy of this polity was succeeded by Nectowane after being shot in the back by a prison guard; a
boy named Chanco warned Richard Pace of an attack by that enemy, Opechancanough. One failed journey
to this place occurred aboard the Sea [*] Venture, and it was first populated by the Susan Constant, the Godspeed,
and the Discovery. William Berkeley ruled from here while it was set aflame during Bacon’s Rebellion, and its
“starving time” was succeeded by the headrights system and tobacco growth. For 10 points, name this triangularlyshaped colony in Virginia home to John Smith, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.
ANSWER: Jamestown [prompt “Virginia” before read] [MJ]
16. This character, voiced by Steve Downes, has won every military medal offered except for the prisoner of
war medallion. A strike by Longbow Interceptors allows this character to return a bomb to its sender, after
which he goes to fight in the East African protectorate of [*] New Mombassa. He then goes to Installation 04
aboard In Amber Clad, after following the Prophet of Regret’s carrier. A survivor of the Spartan program, for 10
points, name this MJOLNIR wearing supersoldier called John-117, the protagonist of the Halo series.
ANSWER: Master Chief Petty Officer John-117 [accept Sierra-117, Spartan-117, or John-117 before “John-117” is
read] [OW]
17. Some members of this phylum, like ctenophores, possess an actinopharynx, and they include organisms
connected by stolons, stolonifera. This phylum also includes Anthozoa and Cubozoa. Members of the phylum
have a layer under their [*] ectoderms filled with mesoglea, and are definted by their poison filled nematocysts;
organisms this phylum begin life as polyps before becoming medusas. For 10 points, name this largely aquatic
phylum that includes corals and jellyfish.
ANSWER: Cnidaria [the “c” is often silent] [DB-N]
18. This man argued that governments can be classified by “form of sovereignty” and “form of government”
in his essay “Perpetual Peace.” He answered the title question with mankind’s emergence from self-imposed
immaturity in “What is [*] Enlightenment?” This man outlined his aesthetic theory in Critique of Judgment. Also
known for distinguishing between analytic and synthetic truths, one theory by this philosopher asserts that immoral
acts are inherently irrational, as outlined in his Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. For 10 points, name this
creator of the categorical imperative, the German author of Critique of Pure Reason.
ANSWER: Immanuel Kant [IE]
19. One author from this country wrote about Elizabeth Hunter, the matriarch of her family, in “The Eye of
the Storm”; that author wrote of Mr. Bonner, who supports a German explorer’s doomed journey, while
another wrote about two characters’ bet that a [*] glass cathedral can move through this country’s wilderness.
The setting of Voss and of Oscar and Lucinda, for 10 points, name this country home to Patrick White, Peter Carey,
and the author of Schindler’s Ark, Thomas Keneally, whose writers were often inspired by the Outback.
ANSWER: Australia [DB-N]
20. In quantum mechanics, this property is given by Dirac’s constant over i times the gradient, and it’s not
position, but a discredited thought experiment that predicts the future through present knowledge of it
everywhere is called Laplace’s demon. In relativistic physics, this quantity’s formula includes the rest mass
and the [*] Lorentz factor. This property and kinetic energy are conserved in elastic collisions, and this quantity’s
change is known as impulse while its time derivative is force. For 10 points, name this measure symbolized p,
defined as an object’s mass times its velocity.
ANSWER: linear momentum [do not accept “angular momentum”] [MJ]
[STOP HERE]
[You have reached the end of the round. Do not continue reading unless the game is tied or a tossup was thrown out
earlier in the round.]
21. In one work, this writer describes the title object as “a fresh, deep, inexhaustible sun” that “invades
kitchens” and “takes over lunches.” That poem, “Tomato,” appears with “Maize,” “Salt,” and “A Large
Tuna in the Market” in his Elemental Odes. In another poem, he observes that “the night is shattered” and
thinks, [*] “Tonight I can write the saddest lines;” his 15-section chronicle of American history includes “The
United Fruit Company” and “The Heights of Macchu Picchu.” For 10 points, name this Chilean poet of Canto
General and Twenty Love Poems and One Song of Despair.
ANSWER: Pablo Neruda [accept Ricardo Neftalí Reyes y Basoalto] [DU]
Bonuses
1. Ascetics will sometimes cover their mouths in cloth or sweep in front of their path to avoid harming insects in
accordance with this principle. For 10 points each,
[10] Name this South Asian principle of non-violence which forbids injuring other living organisms in thought,
word, or deed.
ANSWER: ahimsa
[10] Ahimsa is one of five main vows in this Indian faith expounded by Mahavira, a figure considered by this faith
to be the twenty-fourth Tirthankar.
ANSWER: Jain Dharma or Jainism
[10] This sect of Jainism holds that women cannot attain enlightenment in their current lives. In contrast to the
Svetambara sect, their monks generally wear no clothing because they effectively wear space itself.
ANSWER: Digambar Jain or Digambaras [prompt “sky-clad Jain,” I guess] [MJ]
2. For any point in a scalar field, this operation gives a vector whose components are that point’s partial derivatives,
pointed in the direction of greatest slope. For 10 points each,
[10] First, name this vector field operation symbolized by an upside-down triangle.
ANSWER: gradient [prompt “del”; prompt “nabla”]
[10] Since that was tough, name these examples of the gradient in physics. In this process, governed by Fick’s Laws,
molecules move along a concentration gradient from more-concentrated areas to less-concentrated areas.
ANSWER: diffusion
[10] The Marangoni effect causes liquids to split when this property has a gradient. It is reduced by surfactants, and
helps to explain the cohesion of water droplets.
ANSWER: surface tension [MJ]
3. The first painting of this series depicts the title figure’s rejection of Sarah Young, and in the seventh, the title
figure is imprisoned in Fleet prison. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this series of eight paintings in which the heir Tom, ends up in a Bedlam mental hospital, adapted into
a 1951 opera by Stravinsky and Auden.
ANSWER: A Rake’s Progress
[10] A Rake’s Progress was painted by this Briton, who also produced the Marriage-a-la-mode series.
ANSWER: William Hogarth
[10]This student of William Hogarth produced a pastoral portrait of Mr. and Mrs. Andrews and a depiction of
Jonathan Buttall, The Blue Boy.
ANSWER: Thomas Gainsborough [IE]
4. Psychologists affiliated with this university included Lewis Terman, who created the intelligence test named for
it, and Albert Bandura. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this university. Other members of its faculty include Phillip Zimbardo, who directed this university’s
namesake prison experiment.
ANSWER: Stanford University
[10]Albert Bandura is best known for this experiment in social learning and aggression, which involved exposing
children to adults who attacked the namesake toys.
ANSWER: bobo doll experiment
[10]Another experiment involving toys was performed by Aronson and Carlsmith and was intended to test this
man’s theory of cognitive dissonance. This psychologist wrote When Prophecy Fails.
ANSWER: Leon Festinger [IE]
5. The “Swamp Fox,” Francis Marion, was a native of this state, and fought the British here during the Revolution.
For 10 points each,
[10] First, name this state. The first to secede, it is where the civil war began at Fort Sumter.
ANSWER: South Carolina
[10] This 1781 battle in northwest South Carolina occurred after the Continental Army’s Southern force split.
Tarleton’s British elite lost to Morgan and the Patriots due to hunger, exhaustion, and Morgan’s tactics.
ANSWER: Battle of Cowpens
[10] This victor at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse served for all eight years of the American Revolution. He also
briefly served as Quartermaster General.
ANSWER: Nathanael Greene [JaC]
6. This poem addresses the title object as a “foster-child of silence and slow time”. For 10 points each,
[10] First, name this poem in which the author looks upon a pastoral scene etched into the title object, concluding
that “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”.
ANSWER: Ode on a Grecian Urn [do not accept “Ode to a Grecian Urn”]
[10] This Romantic poet of “On First Looking Into Chapman’s Homer” and “Endymion” wrote “Ode on a Grecian
Urn.” He wrote another ode “to a Nightingale”.
ANSWER: John Keats
[10] In this Keats poem, a knight lies on a hill though “the sedge is wither’d from the lake / and no birds sing”. After
the title figure lulls him to sleep, he dreams of “pale kings and princes” and awakens “on the cold hill’s side”.
ANSWER: La Belle Dame Sans Merci [MJ]
7. Its most famous ruler went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, giving out so much gold on the way that the value of gold
plummeted in Cairo. FOR 10 POINTS EACH:
[10] Name this empire, the namesake of a modern African nation, whose most famous ruler was Mansa Musa.
ANSWER: Mali [or Manden or Mandinka]
[10] This first leader of Mali lived until the age of seven without the use of speech or his legs. His path to
independence was remembered in a namesake epic.
ANSWER: Sundiata Keita [or Son-Jara; accept other logical pronunciations]
[10] Sundiata Keita helped win Mali's independence from this Soso sorcerer. He was defeated by Sundiata at the
battle of Kirina in 1235.
ANSWER: Sumamuru [or Sumanguru]
8. Name some important ideas from population dynamics, for 10 points each.
[10] This principle states that allele frequencies will remain constant over generations as long as no external factors
like migration, mutation, or selective breeding exist. For it to work perfectly, it assumes infinite population size.
ANSWER: Hardy-Weinberg principle / equilibrium
[10] Most populations, however, are finite because they are affected by this upper limit of population number that a
given environment can support. It is often symbolized K.
ANSWER: carrying capacity
[10] Due to carrying capacity, many long-term models of population growth use this sigmoid, or S-shaped, curve
that levels off at the carrying capacity as time approaches infinity.
ANSWER: logistic function [MJ]
9. This organization was founded at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk, and took part in the 1989 Roundtable Talks. For
10 points each:
[10]Identify this trade union, famously supported by John Paul II, which helped elect Tadeusz Mazowiecki as the
first non-Communist prime minister of the country in which it was based.
ANSWER: Solidarity [or Solidarność]
[10]Solidarity was based in this nation which, during the 18 th century, was partitioned a bunch of times.
ANSWER: Poland [or Polska]
[10] This man co-founded Solidarity and served as its first chairman. He was awarded the 1983 Nobel Peace Prize
for his efforts, and later served as Poland’s president.
ANSWER: Lech Wałęsa [IE]
10. Answer some questions about the man who “had more impact on the atmosphere than any other single organism
in earth’s history,” a.k.a. Thomas Midgley, Jr. FOR 10 POINTS EACH:
[10] Midgley is notable for the development of these chemicals, also called freons, which were used in refrigerators
and aerosol spray cans. They are now known to deplete the ozone layer.
ANSWER: Chlorofluorocarbons [accept CFCs]
[10] Prior to screwing the ozone layer, Midgley discovered that the tetra-ethyl form of this element, the heaviest
element with a completely stable isotope, could prevent engines from “knocking.”
ANSWER: Tetra-ethyl lead [prompt “Pb”]
[10] Despite the negative impacts of his discoveries, the American Chemical Society gave Midgley a medal named
for this British chemist who discredited the phlogiston theory with his discovery of oxygen.
ANSWER: Joseph Priestley [accept Priestley Medal] [JoC]
11. This object was created by Wayland, and Sigmund removed this object from Barnstokk after Odin placed it
there. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this object, most famously used by Sigurd to kill Fafnir.
ANSWER: Gram [accept Balmung; accept Nothung]
[10]Gram is an example of this type of object. Other mythological examples include the emerald-containing
Shamshir of Amir Arsalan and the one belonging to Beowulf, Hrunting.
ANSWER: swords
[10]This sword was given to King Arthur by the Lady of the Lake. After Arthur’s death at Camlann, Bedwyr was
ordered to return it to the lake.
ANSWER: Excalibur [accept Caliburn or Caledfwlch] [IE]
12. This man was the first to discover all twelve uses for dragon blood. For 10 points each:
[10] This Harry Potter character, though offered the position of Minister of Magic several times, decided instead to
become the transfiguration teacher at Hogwarts before being promoted to Headmaster.
ANSWER: Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore
[10] Dumbledore was the first to discover that Tom Riddle had not only enchanted his diary, but instead turned it
into a dangerous one of these objects. They require murdering someone to be made.
ANSWER: Horcruxes
[10] One of Lord Voldemort’s many Horcruxes, the Diadem of Ravenclaw, was hidden in Albania by this woman.
She returns to Hogwarts as a ghost.
ANSWER: Helena Ravenclaw [prompt on partial name; prompt “Grey Lady”] [SR]
13. This period followed the death of Fedor Ivanovich, and Boris Gudonov ruled during the early part of this period.
For 10 points each:
[10] Name this period of Russian history that followed the end of the Rurikid dynasty, which lasted from 1598 to
1613 and wasn’t so great.
ANSWER: Time of Troubles [or Smutnoye Vremya]
[10]These three individuals all claimed to be the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible and the heir to the throne. They
all died unpleasant deaths.
ANSWER: False Dimitris
[10]This man’s accession to the throne marked the end of the Time of Troubles. He was the first member of the
Romanov dynasty.
ANSWER: Mikhail I [Fyodorovich] Romanov [IE]
14. Its second section begins each line with an invocation of Moloch. For 10 points each:
[10] First, name this poem which assures Carl Salomon that “I’m with you in Rockland”, and contains the words “I
saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness.”
ANSWER: Howl
[10] This Beat Generation poet dedicated a work named after a Hebrew prayer to his mother Naomi, “Kaddish”, and
also wrote “Howl”.
ANSWER: Allen Ginsberg
[10] Ginsberg meets Walt Whitman in the title location of this poem, and sees him ask “Who killed the pork chops?”
He also asks García Lorca what he was “doing down by the watermelons”.
ANSWER: A Supermarket in California [MJ]
15. In this novel, the singer Jalila confronts Al-Sayyid Ahmad at his daughter’s wedding. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel, the first in a series that also contains Palace of Desire and Sugar Street.
ANSWER: Palace Walk [or Bayn al-qasrayn]
[10] Palace Walk was written by this Nobel laureate, also known for The Thief and the Dogs and Children of
Gebelawi.
ANSWER: Naguib Mahfouz
[10] Mahfouz was a native of this country, which inspired his Cairo Trilogy and his novel Chitchat on the Nile.
ANSWER: Arab Republic of Egypt [accept Masr] [IE]
16. This man’s tone poems include Don Juan and Don Quixote. For 10 points each,
[10] First, name this German composer whose tone poem Also Sprach Zarathustra begins with a rising C-G-C
trumpet, as heard in 2001: A Space Odyssey.
ANSWER: Richard Strauss [“Johann Strauss” is a different person]
[10] In this comic opera by Richard Strauss, Baron von Ochs sends the title character, Octavian, to present a silver
object to Sophie, after which she falls in love with the messenger.
ANSWER: The Knight of the Rose [accept Der Rosenkavalier]
[10] This one-act opera, preceded by a Prologue, features a comedy troupe led by Zerbinetta performing alongside
the serious tale of an abandoned Greek princess.
ANSWER: Ariadne on Naxos [accept Ariadne auf Naxos] [MJ]
17. He is scheduled to appear alongside Michael Johnson and Daryl Stawberry on The Celebrity Apprentice 3. For
10 points each:
[10] Name this former Governor of Illinois, who was impeached by a vote of 114-1 for trying to auction off recently
elected Barack Obama’s senate seat.
ANSWER: Milorad “Rod” Blagojevich
[10] This man succeeded Blagojevich as governor of Illinois.
ANSWER: Patrick Quinn
[10] Although he was implicated in the scandal, this man’s Senate appointment was upheld by the Illinois Supreme
Court. He will not pursue reelection in 2010.
ANSWER: Roland Burris [JoC]
18. This work famously describes the life of man as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” For 10 points each:
[10]Identify this 1651 work of political philosophy, which argues that surrender to an absolute sovereign is the ideal
form of government.
ANSWER: Leviathan: Or, the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiastical and Civil
[10]This British author of De Corpore Politico wrote Leviathan.
ANSWER: Thomas Hobbes
[10] In Leviathan, Hobbes argued that the state of nature is equivalent to this condition “of every man, against every
man”. Carl von Clausewitz called it the “mere continuation of policy by other means”.
ANSWER: state of war [IE]
19. The fifth version of this language is in development as of October 2009 and will likely contain a video element.
For 10 points each:
[10] Name this markup language whose 2.0 version was defined in 1995. It is used to create web pages.
ANSWER: HTML [or HyperText Markup Language; do not accept “XHTML”]
[10] Bookmarks in HTML documents, as well as hyperlinks to other documents, are created with this singlecharacter tag.
ANSWER: <a> [or anchor]
[10] Many HTML formatting tags are deprecated in favor of these files, that determine how HTML elements are
displayed and styled.
ANSWER: CSS files or pages [or Cascading Style Sheets] [GG]
20. It is contained in several sections, including “Wine”, “Revolt”, “Death”, and “Spleen and Ideal”. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this poetry anthology that identifies boredom, or ennui, as the worst of miseries.
ANSWER: Les Fleurs du Mal [accept The Flowers of Evil]
[10] Les Fleurs du Mal was written by this French Symbolist, who detailed his opium habit in “Artificial Paradises”
and wrote “Paris Spleen”.
ANSWER: Charles Baudelaire
[10] This other Symbolist poet of “Sagesse,” The Saturnine Poems, and the original poem “Claire de Lune” failed to
wound his ex-lover Rimbaud after shooting him twice in the arm.
ANSWER: Paul-Marie Verlaine [DB-N/MJ]
21. For ten points each, answer some questions about slavery in the territories before the American Civil War.
[10] This agreement admitted Maine as a free state and its namesake as a slave state. It also outlawed slavery above
the 36’ 30” line in the former Louisiana territory, except in the namesake state.
ANSWER: Missouri Compromise [prompt “Compromise of 1820”]
[10] Stephen Douglas designed this 1854 act, which allowed popular sovereignty within certain territories to decide
the slavery question before statehood. It effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise.
ANSWER: Kansas-Nebraska Act
[10] During the “Bleeding Kansas” period, pro-slavery settlers drafted this failed constitution for the state of Kansas
as a response to the Topeka one. President Buchanan endorsed it, but Stephen Douglas did not.
ANSWER: Lecompton Constitution [JaC]