PLANT AND PESTS
PRESENTED
BY
UINTAH AG DEPARTMENT
DAVID WILSON
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE
• After completion of this unit, students
will be able to identify and classify plant
pests (vertebrates, invertebrates, and
weeds). Students will also identify
symptoms and describe control
methods. This knowledge will be
demonstrated by completing the unit
test and various assignments with a
minimum score of 90% accuracy.
PEREFORMANCE ENABLER
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Define terms associated with plant pests.
Name three ways insects cause loses to crops.
Select beneficial effects of insects.
Describe ways how to detect or recognize an
insect.
5- Identify the different ways insects develop.
6- Name three types of feeding habits for insects
and examples in each category.
7- Define and provide one example for cultural,
biological, chemical insect control.
PERFORMANCE ENABLER CONTINUE
8- Identify harmful and beneficial insects
in the area. Make a chart to assist in
damages caused and controlling these
insects with either cultural, biological or
chemical insect control.
9- Collect and mount 12 or more insects,
including 6 beneficial insects.
10- Name five losses caused by weeds.
11- Select ways that weeds spread.
PERFORMANCE ENABLER
CONTINUED
12- Define and provide one example for
cultural, mechanical, and biological control for
weeds.
13- Collect, press and identify fifteen weeds
common in your area.
14- Explain the difference of a weed and a
noxious weeds and give three examples in
each category.
15- Name five ways plant diseases cause losses
in plants.
PERFORMANCE ENABLER
CONTINUED
16- List the five groups of biological pathogens
and describe them in detail give examples in
each area.
17- List five methods by which pathogens
spread.
18- Select four practices used to control plant
diseases.
19- Identify and describe proper procedures for
integrated pest management systems.
(weeds, insects, soil and organisms)
20- Identify the role of vertebrates as plant
pests in our environment.
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
ENTOMOLOGY: A branch of science that deals
with the study of insects.
PLANT DISEASE: An abnormal plant condition
caused by a pathogen, improper
environmental condition or a nutritional
deficiency.
PLANT PATHOLOGIST: A person who studies
plant diseases and works to diagnose and
control them.
HARMFUL EFFECTS AND ECONOMIC
LOSSES OF INSECTS
A- Damage and destroy agricultural crops.
1- Reduce crop yield
2- Reduce quality of the crop.
3- Cost of control practices.
B- Aid in the spread of diseases in man,
animals, and plants.
C- Annoy man and animals.
D- Destroy homes, timber resources, and other
goods.
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF INSECTS
• 1- POLLINATION ACTIVITIES make
possible the increase yields of many
agricultural crops.
• 2- PROVIDE us with useful PRODUCTS
such as silk, honey, beeswax, shellac,
and permanent inks and dyes.
• 3- SERVE as FOOD for fish, birds, and
other wildlife.
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF INSECTS
• 4- PERFORM valuable services as
SCAVENGERS.
• 5- HELP TO CONTROL harmful animals
(especially other insect pests) and
plants.
• 6- Have MEDICINAL VALUE.
LIST OF BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL
INSECTS
• Beneficial Insects
Silkworm moth
Honey bees
Scale and gall insects
Fig wasp
Wasps
Beetles
Lacewings
• Useful Product,Service
Silk
Honey,beeswax,pollination
Pigments and dye
Pollinate figs
Parasites, predators
Predators, natural control of
weeds
Predators
Harmful Insects
* Caterpillars
* Beetles
* Grasshoppers
* Twig bores
* Leaf miners
Types of Damage
• Chewing on leaves
• Chewing on leaves,
boring,feed on fruit
• Chewing on
leaves,stem and fruit
• Boring into leaves stem
and fruit
• Sucking plant juices
Harmful Insects
Type of Damage
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Aphids
Mites
Leafhoppers
Termites
Scale insects
Fruit flies
Flies
House flies
Mosquitoes
Fleas
Transmitting diseases
Transmitting diseases
Transmitting diseases
Feed on structural timber
Shellac
Used in scientific study
Parasites, predators
Spread disease
Bite humans,spread disease
Bite humans and animals
INSECTS
• Three distinct parts–
Head,Thorax,Abdomen
• Three pairs of jointed legs used for
jumping,running,digging,attacking,
swimming
• One pair of antennae (feelers)
• Eyes are usually compound, but can be
simple (Ocelli)
• Adults insects have two pairs of wings.
INSECTS
Insects Develop in Different Ways
Insect Classification By Feeding
Habits
• CHEWING: Insects with chewing
mouthparts have toothed jaws that bite
and tear the food. Examples: grasshopper,
armyworm, potato beetle, blister beetle
• SUCKING: Insects with a piercingsucking mouthparts have tube-like
beaks which they force into a plant to
suck out fluids.Examples: aphid, leafhopper,
thrips, hessian fly,greenbug
Insects Classification By Feeding
Habits
• INTERNAL: Borders and miners-includes
most chewing insects that enter the
plant and feed from within.
Examples: European corn borer, cotton boll
weevil larva, wheat stem sawfly
SUBTERRANEAN: Includes chewing and
sucking insects which enter the plant
below the soil surface.
Examples: Corn rootworm, wireworm
structural , pest-termites
CULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL AND
CHEMICAL INSECT CONTROL
• Cultural Control Practices for Insects:
a- Crop rotation
b- Trap crops
c- Tillage
d- Residue management
e- Timing of operation
f- Resistant varieties
CULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL and
CHEMICAL INSECT CONTROL CONT.
• BIOLOGICAL CONTROL PRACTICES
FOR INSECTS:
1- Natural enemies used to control a
pest.
CULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL and
CHEMICAL INSECT CONTROL CONT..
• CHEMICAL CONTROL PRACTICES FOR
INSECTS:
1- Chemicals may be applied to seeds,
growing plants or soil.
2- Poison the insect.
3- Repel the insects from specific areas.
4- Attract insects to a place where they
can be killed.
• Reduce Crop Yields
• Increase Cost of Production
• Reduce Quality of Crop and Livestock
Products
• Cause Irritation and Hay Fever
• Poisonous To Man,Livestock and Wildlife
• Spoil The Beauty Of The Turf and Landscape
Plants
• Compete With Crop Plants
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WIND
FLOWING WATER
ANIMALS AND MANURE
IMPURE SEED
FARM MACHINERY, CARS, PICKUPS,
AND TRUCKS
• EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
• HUMAN MOVEMENT OR TRAFFIC
METHODS OF CULTURAL, MECHANICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL WEED CONTROL
• Methods of Cultural Control:
A- Weed-free crop seed
B- smoother crops.
C- Crop rotation.
METHOD OF CULTURAL, MECHANICAL and
BIOLOGICAL WEED CONTROL cont..
• METHODS OF MECHANICAL CONTROL:
1- Hoeing
2- Hand Pulling
3- Mowing
4- Cultivation
5- Mulching
6- Burning
METHODS OF CULTURAL, MECHANICAL
AND BIOLOGICAL WEED CONTROL cont..
• METHODS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
1- Involves the introduction of a natural
enemy to weaken or destroy a
particular weed species.
Example: Leaf cutting beetles
to control St. Johnswort and
Klamath weed beetle to control
the Klamath weed.
COMMON WEEDS IN UTAH
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Bull Thistle
Burdock
Mallow
Musk Thistle
Canada Thistle
Cocklebur
Curley Dock
Field Bindweed
Foxtail Barley
Hounds Tongue
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Kochia
Lambs quarter
Prickly Lettuce
Quack grass
Red Root (Rough Pigweed)
Russian Thistle
Shepard's Purse
Teasel
Water Hemlock
Yarrow
NOXIOUS WEED ACT
• Noxious weeds standing, being, or
growing shall be controlled and the
spread prevented by cutting, tillage,
cropping, pasturing, chemicals, or other
effective methods, as often as required
to prevent the weed from blooming,
maturing seeds, or spreading by root or
other means.
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Canada Thistle
Diffuse Knapweed
Dyers Woad
Field Bindweed
Hoary Cress
Leafy Spurge
Musk Thistle
Per.Pepperweed
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Russian Knapweed
Scotch Thistle
Squarrose Knapweed
Yellow Star thistle
Spotted Knapweed
Purple Loostrife
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BURMUDAGRASS
JOHNSONGRASS
MEDUSAHEAD
QUACKGRASS
UTAH SEED ACT- NO PERSON IN THIS STATE
SHALL OFFER OR EXPOSE ANY AGRICULTURAL
SEED FOR SALE OR SOWING UNLESS IT IS :
1- FREE OF NOXIOUS WEED SEED, SUBJECT TO
ANY TOLERANCE ALLOWED FOR RESTRICTED
NOXIOUS WEEDS, AND 2- TESTED AND
TRUTHFULLY LABELED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THIS ACT.
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Canada Thistle
Diffuse Knapweed
Dyers Woad
Field Bindweed
Hoary Cress
Leafy Spurge
Musk Thistle
Per. Pepper weed
Russian Knapweed
• Scotch Thistle
• Spotted Knapweed
• Squarrose
Knapweed
• Yellow Star thistle
• Bermuda grass
• Medusahead
• Perennial Sorghum
• Quack grass
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DODDER
HALOGETON
JOINTED GOATGRASS
POVERTY WEED
WILD OATS
Invading Weeds- Weeds that are of concern of
the federal, state, and country agencies that
might invade and establish themselves in an
area. Invading weeds might become noxious
and damaging in states and counties.
• Broadleaf
• Grasses
1- Black Henbane
1- Jointed Goats grass
2- Dalmation Toadflax 2- Wild Proso Millet
3- Goats rue
4- Poison Hemlock
• Sedge
5- Water Hemlock
1- Yellow Nut sedge
6- Silver leaf Nightshade
7- Velvetleaf
• Suppress the chlorophyll content
• Reduce the leaf area
• Curb the movement of solutes and
water through the stems
• Reduce the water-absorbing capacity of
the roots
• Suppress the translocation of
photosynthesis
Losses caused by Plant Diseases
cont.
• Promote wasteful use of the products of
photosynthesis as in the formation of
galls
• Reduce the yield and quality of crop
• Spoilage in storage and transportation
• Render food unfit for use
• Increase the cost of control activities