Interactions with US scientists
Rik Wanninkhof
NOAA/AOML, Miami
On behalf of Richard Feely, Associated US representative SSC
 Carbon Cycle Coordination and Management in the USA
 USA- CarboOcean management and science interface
 Research highlights
US Carbon Cycle Research
Overseen by a Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group (NSF,NOAA,NASA, DOE,
USGS, USDA…. )
Advised by a US Carbon Cycle Scientific Steering group led by Jim Yoder, WHOI,
Richard Feely & Scott Doney - ocean representatives

North American Carbon Program (NACP)
Terrestrial (and coastal ocean) carbon cycling and sequestration in the US: Science meeting January 2007, Colorado Springs

Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program,
Program office in Woods Hole- http://ocb.whoi.edu
Project Components
1. community building and support
2. workshop sponsorship
3. data management (including data recovery, enhanced availability and longterm archive)
Annual summer meeting July 23rd-26th, 2007 in Woods Hole MA.
On site representative: Joanie Kleypass
Ocean Carbon and Climate Change Program (OCCC)
Sub-component of OCB
Significant OCB planning reports 2006
US SOLAS
Imp. Strategy
US Ocean Acidification
Report
Organizational Framework for USA Collaborations in CarboOcean
Scientific Steering Committee
Associated US representative: Richard Feely, NOAA/PMEL
External participant for database coordination: Alex Kozyr, DOE/ORNL
International Advisory Panel of the Integrated Project CarboOcean
Nick Bates, BIOS
Inez Fung, Berkeley
Scott Doney, WHOI
Steve Emerson, U. Washington
Joanie Kleypas, UCAR
USA Scientific Partners in CarboOcean
Michael Bender, Princeton
Andrew Dickson, SIO
Richard Feely, PMEL
[Niki Gruber, UCLA]
David Hutchins, Delaware
George Jackson Texas A&M
Robert Key, Princeton
Klaus Keller, Penn State
Tim Lueker, SIO
Jorge Sarmiento, Princeton
Rik Wanninkhof, AOML
Alex Kosyr, ORNL
Ralph Keeling, SIO
Should membership be updated and/or re-assessed??
Collaborative efforts:
S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher and N. Gruber and A.R. Jacobson and S. C. Doney and S.
Dutkiewicz and M. Gerber and M. Follows and and F. Joos and K. Lindsay and D.
Menemenlis and A. Mouche and S. Müller and J. Sarmiento,
Inverse Estimates of Anthropogenic CO2 Uptake, Transport, and Storage by the
Ocean gbc,2006,20,doi:10.1029/2005GB002530
S. E. Mikaloff Fletcherand N. Gruber and A.R. Jacobson and M. Gloor and S. C. Doney
and S. Dutkiewicz and M. Gerber and M. Follows and and F. Joos and K. Lindsay and D.
Menemenlis and A. Mouchet and S. Müller and J. Sarmiento,
Inverse estimates of the oceanic sources and sinks of natural CO2 and the implied
oceanic carbon transport gbc, 2006, in press
Should framework of collaboration be re-assessed?? Bottom-up versus top-down
US CLIVAR CO2 repeat hydrography
A13.5 move from 2010 to 2009
Decadal CO2 changes in a changing ocean
What is the true ∆Canthro signal ?
∆DIC = 0.58 mol m-2 yr-1
∆DICbio (NO3) = 0.39 mol m-2 yr-1
∆DICbio (O2) = 0.82 mol m-2 yr-1
E-MLR = 0.68 mol m-2 yr-1
∆DICe-mlr= f(Si, NO3, AOU, S,T)
NOAA pCO2 on ships program
Monitoring effort! (Be careful what you wish for)
* 3 VOS in North Atlantic (Monthly-Weekly)
(US-Iceland, US-Bermuda, Caribbean)
* 3 Research ships in North Atlantic
* 3 Data sites- 1 central QC (Sent on the CDIAC -no data embargo)
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc
Brown:
Explorer:
Skogafoss:
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/uwpco2/
Ka'imimoana:
Columbus Waikato:
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/CO2/
Palmer
Gould
NOAA pCO2 on ships project
Participants
Tasks /Ships
Data
Destination
Products
RSMAS
TA/DIC
Samples
Instrum ent
Development
www.aoml.noaa.gov/
ocd/gcc
Flux Maps
AOML



Brown
Explorer
Skogafoss
www.pmel.noaa.gov
/co2/uwpco2
PMEL


KaÕimimoana
Castilla
(Cap Victor)
http://www.bbsr.edu/
Labs/co2lab/vos.html
fCO 2
BIOS
(BBSR)
Oleander
Atlantic Explorer
LDEO
Palmer
www.ldeo.columbia.edu/
res/pi/CO2/
GOOS
(AOML)
TSG
QC + Maint enance
CDIAC
cdiac.ornl.gov
Coastal Ocean
pCO 2
FY-06 performance
≈ 483 K points
New NOAA VOS line ?
Carbo Ocean question: Will UK effort continue in near-term?
Near real time data display
www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc
Instrumentation
Status of GO (General Oceanics) systems
* 6-units in December, 6-units shortly (?)thereafter. Based on time of ordering
* Initial product support assistance by Kevin Sullivan and Denis Pierrot, NOAA/AOML
First production run at GO
Issue: Lack of tried and true old parts and subcomponents:
LiCor , UIC coulometer
An initial global estimate of variability in air-sea fluxes
Approach (Lee et al. 1998, Park et al., 2006):
Create seasonal (pCO2SW/SST) relationships from Takahashi Climatology
and apply it the interannual ocean temperature anomalies
example_20N, 292_5E
360
29
360
350
28
340
27
330
26
350
2SW
PCO
PCO
(uatm)
370
2SW
30
Temp (ÞC)
(uatm)
example_20N, 292_5E
370
340
330
pCO2_J_A
pCO2_M_A
pCO2_S-D
PCO2_SW
Temp (ÞC)
320
2
4
6
MONTH
8
10
25
12
320
25.5
26
26.5
27
27.5
Temp (ÞC)
pCO2SWym =[pCO2SW1995m + (pCO2SW/SST)1995m  SSTym1995m]
28
28.5
29
Results using a decade of remotely sensed SST and winds
combined with (∂pCO2SW/∂SST) relationships
Interannual variability
Interannual changes ± 0.16 Pg C year-1
Other ocean (model) estimates are in this range as well
Flux Park et al. (2006)
Flux , this work
-0.5
7.5
7
U
10
-1.5
6.5
-1
(m s )
Annual Flux (Pg C)
-1
-2
6
U
-2.5
1994
1996 1998 2000
10
5.5
2002 2004 2006
year
Most of the variability (≈70 %) attributed to the Eq. Pac. ENSO
 50 % due the ∆pCO2 anomalies; 50 % due to wind speed variability
 Large regional changes- low global changes : regional compensating effects?
Closing thoughts on increased formal collaboration
 Formal agreements on regional seasonal flux maps
 Post-doc/ young investigator exchange funded by NSF/ EU?
 Sponsored meetings for individual topics between US and EU? -Underway
 Sponsored joint development of instruments, observing systems -Underway