Works Cited
Primary Sources
Bayeux Tapestry. N.d. Primary Homework Help. Web. 14 Feb. 2014.
<http://primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/bt/index.htm>. This a beautiful piece of artwork that
is a primary source. It shows how people saw the Battle of Hastings in 1066 as. It is
uncertain who actually created this artwork. It is not really a tapestry because it is
actually embroidery. This website also gave me a good amount of information about this
"tapestry".
"Magna Carta." National Archives. U.S. National Archives & Records Administration, n.d. Web.
16 Feb. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/magna_carta/>.
This is an original edition of the world famous Magna Carta. This is a primary source
because it clearly states on the museum's website that it is on public display for a limited
time only. The Magna Carta was in-place in 1215 after King John unwillingly signed this
document. This website gave me a very brief description of what the Magna Carta really
is.
Secondary Sources
Bruegel, Pieter. Peasant Wedding. 1568. China Oil Painting Gallery. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.chinaoilpaintinggallery.com/p-pieter-bruegel-the-elder-c58_82_1211/peasant-wedding-p-31409>. This was a perfect illustration that shows how
the peasants would celebrate and have weddings. It also shows how they would eat wheat
and party. I used this picture because it relates to how serfs had to pay a fine just to get
married.
Burdeau, George. "George Burdeau on the Magna Carta, Subsistence Culture and the Future of
Western Civilization." Interview by Daily Bell. The Daily Bell. High Alert, 9 Mar. 2014.
Web. 24 Mar. 2014. <http://www.thedailybell.com/exclusive-interviews/35094/AnthonyWile-George-Burdeau-on-the-Magna-Carta-Subsistence-Culture-and-the-Future-ofWestern-Civilization/>. This interview was interesting when they started to talk about the
Magna Carta. It is nice to know that people are still remembering the Magna Carta and
how significant it is on society and government today.
Butler, Andrew. "Riverside Site of the Sealing of Magna Carta." National Trust. National Trust,
n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/runnymede/>. This is a picture
of the Magna Carta monument which is located in Runnymede, England. I was startled
when I came across this photograph because I certainly did not expect for there to be a
monument dedicated to the Magna Carta. I was even more astonished when I learned that
The American Bar Association funded and constructed this charming land mark. On the
mini-column in the middle it reads; "To Commemorate Magna Carta Symbol of Freedom
Under Law". I would love to visit this monument one day!
Durer, Albrecht. Three Peasants in Conversation. 1497. Illustration. This is a primary source
that was created during the time of the feudal system. I believe that this is how peasants
used to have a conversation.
Echeverria, Joseph. This unusual octagonal towers of Caernarfon in Wales. Exploring Castles. ©
Edd Morris and exploring-castles.com, n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://www.exploringcastles.com/medieval_castle_layout.html#at_pco=smlre-1.0&at_tot=4&at_ab=per3&at_pos=2>. This is a digital photograph of the towers of Caernarfon in Wales. It shows
the beautiful octagonal shape of the towers.
Faithorne, William. King Henry I. N.d. National Portrait Gallery. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw123072/King-William-I-theConqueror?LinkID=mp04833&search=sas&sText=king+william+the+conqueror&role=s
it&rNo=6>. This illustration shows how King Henry I could have possibly looked like. I
am using this picture for my timeline I am creating. This site is very useful because I
found many primary sources.
"Feudal Society." Ueber 1%. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014.
<http://2012patriot.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/n1-lords3-feudal-society.jpg>. This
picture shows the order in which who is at a higher position over the other. I really like
this photo since it shows who the nobles are.
"Feudal Society." The University as Feudal State. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2014.
<http://publish.uwo.ca/~dmann/feudal.htm>. This image was a feudal system/ society
tree. I added this photo on to my website.
"The Feudal Structure of the Medieval World." Thinkquest. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/10949/fief/lofeudal.html>. This source described how the
fief would become a baron based on heredity. This gives me a better idea of how the
feudal system really worked.
The Feudal System. Discovery Education. Discovery Education, 2000. Web. 26 Mar. 2014.
<http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=lords+rights>. This was a very useful
secondary source for me. I appreciated how they added not very recognized society
"levels", such as the "craftsmen". On other sources I have seen, they just categorize them
under "peasants", "serfs", or "villeins". Both ways are correct and accurate but I just
come to like the more sophisticated hierarchy diagrams better.
Hinds, Kathryn. Life in the Middle Ages. Tarrytown: Benchmark, 2001. Print. This secondary
source gave me a good look at the history of the Middle Ages. I enjoyed reading this
because now I can relate the history of the Middle Ages to many other things, making me
have a whole new view point.
- - -. Life In The Middle Ages. Tarrytown: Benchmark, 2001. Print. This is another great book
that describes everyone's rights and responsibilities in the castle. It also includes
information over the roles of the children and how they grew up.
Langley, Andrew. Medieval Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, n.d. Print. Eyewitness Books.
This source discussed the set-up of the feudal system. Basically,each level in the feudal
system is in charge of the level under them (except for the king). I found this source
helpful with basic information over the feudal system's organization.
Linebaugh, Peter. "Interview - Peter Linebaugh - The Magna Carta Manifesto." Interview by
Talking Stick TV. Talking Stick TV. Radio. It was a very detailed interview which I
personally learned from. The interviewee was a historian who had published a book
about the Magna Carta and its legacy. I really enjoyed listening to how the Declaration of
Independence and the U.S. Constitution share many common, yet important, principles. I
was surprised to learn that back then, students were required to memorize section 39 of
the Magna Carta. This was a very interesting interview.
"Lord and Vassals." Missouri State. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 2014.
<http://clio.missouristate.edu/chuchiak/HST%20101--Lecture%2018-A_medieval_lord_of_a_manor.htm>. This picture showed how the lord would mingle
with his vassals. If you looked closely, you can see the many details in this work of art.
"The Lord of the Fiefdom." Thinkquest. Oracle Education Foundation, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/10949/fief/medlord.html>. This website explained the
many rights and responsibilities for the Ruler (Lord) and the hunter. I never knew that a
hunter can have so many rights, not to mention responsibilities.
"Magna Carta and Its American Legacy." National Archives. U.S. National Archives and
Records Administration, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/magna_carta/legacy.html>. This
was an awesome site that had it all, information about the Magna Carta, talked about "its
American legacy", and a quote by John Adams. He says; "A government of laws, and not
of men.". It also has a very detailed description of what is really in the Magna Carta and
how it influenced our founding fathers. It influenced the Declaration of Independence,
U.S. Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. This site is really interesting.
"Magna Carta Quotations." Magna Carta 800th. Magna Carta 2015 Committee / HCL
Technologies, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/magnacarta-quotations/>. This website gave me a quote from Franklin D. Roosevelt's 3rd
Inauguration Address. He was "defending democracy and freedom" and he refers to the
Magna Carta as an excellent example. I think this site is really cool to show all of the
quotes of people who mentioned the Magna Carta.
"The Manorial System." History World. Attribution, n.d. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.
<http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ac80>. This
source gave me a very detailed description of what and how the manorial system works
and what it really is. I was able to answer many unanswered questions and was pleased
with my findings.
"The Middle Ages for Kids Life of the Nobility Kings, Lords, Ladies, Knights." Mr. Donn's
Social Studies Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
<http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/nobility.html>. The Middle Ages is very broad and
so is this article which includes many non-detailed paragraphs. This source was very
thorough because it describes the daily life of everyone, including the children and it
talked about behavior, entertainment and activities, religion, and dining.
Millais, John Everett, Sir. A Baron Numbering His Vassals. 1850. Illustration. This picture
magnificently shows a "baron numbering his vassals". In the picture, you can see the
families of the vassals. You can also see ladies carrying their babies and children.
Musset, Lucien. "The Historical Background." The Bayeux Tapestry. N.p.: Boydell and Brewer,
2005. 76-81. Print. This book explained the significance behind the Bayeux Tapestry. In
the section I read, it gave me historical background of the tapestry. The Bayeux Tapestry
exhibits the Battle of Hastings. The book goes as far back as 1005! The book showed
beautiful drawings of the tapestry and it was interesting just looking at the drawings and
really understand the background of the Bayeux Tapestry.
The Norman Conquest of England. Discovery Education. Discovery Education, 1995. Web. 20
Mar. 2014. <http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=norman+conquest>. This
was another fantastic video I looked at. I enjoyed the idea of the information to be told
"short", yet you are still able to get plenty of information. I also learned more about the
Norman Conquest. It is a very good source to use if you are looking for a good Norman
Conquest informational video.
Oxford Dictionary. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Oxford Dictionaries. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/lord?q=lord>. This
online dictionary really helped me find the definition of words that I have on my website
under the "Glossary" tab. This is obviously a very handy website.
Peasant House. Sibiu Glimpses. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.
<http://sibiuglimpses.blogspot.com/2012/08/village-museum-peasant-homesteadwith.html>. This is a modern photograph of a would be medieval peasant home. I think it
is a really pretty picture that was nicely kept simple.
"The Peasant's Life." International World History Project. N.p., 2001. Web. 21 Nov. 2013.
<http://history-world.org/peasant.htm>. This website described many things about the
peasant's responsibilities. It described the hardship they went through daily.
Peasants of Finland. N.d. Chest of Books. Web. 9 Jan. 2014.
<http://chestofbooks.com/reference/American-CyclopaediaV7/Finns.html#.Us84FdJDvao>. I was not sure if this was a primary source or not, but I
used it either way. I used this photo on my website to show peasants from different
countries.
Peasants paying their dues to the lord of the manor. The World of the Habsburgs. N.p., n.d. Web.
13 Jan. 2014. <http://www.habsburger.net/en/stories/country-life-middle-ages>. I really
liked this illustration because it shows how the peasants were forced to pay their dues/
fees to the lord of the manor. It perfectly matches the NHD theme; rights and
responsibilities!
"Pevensey Castle." BBC. BBC, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/anglo_saxons/invasion_and_settlement/te
achers_resources.shtml>. The Pevensey Castle was created by the Normans who had
invaded England at the time. They built castles for the men who were in the army to stay
in. It was also somewhat like a port to store weapons and plan things in. It is easy to tell
that this is a very old castle.
Powicke, Maurice, Sir. "The Orders of Society." Medieval England 1066-1485. London: Oxford
UP Paperback, 1969. 13-30. Print. Within this book it gave a descriptive picture when it
came to "The Orders of Society" section. I appreciate the fact that they even broke it into
sub-sections, such as "The Baronage" (which was the only section I used). It described
how the feudal system of set up and what each "rank" consisted of. For example; the
peasant level of society consisted of impoverished villagers who worked for the Lord of
the Manor. I enjoyed reading this section of the book.
"Serfs." Shoeing in Middle Ages. Wordpress, 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 13 Jan. 2014.
<http://wccshoeing.wordpress.com/author/incrediblygenericname/>. It looks like an old
painting that perfectly shows how the female and male serfs worked throughout the day.
Women picked cotton in this picture while men worked on the fields.
"Serfs." Wuffing Education. Adroit Solutions, 5 Oct. 2008. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.wuffings.co.uk/education/programmes/2013/13_02_02-Serfdom.html>.
This picture shows how much work serfs had to do for the lord. It shows how the serfs
were forced to stay in the fields and work.
Stenton, Doris Mary. "The Villagers." English Society in the Early Middle Ages (1066-1307).
Middlesex: Penguin, 1951. 138-59. Print. Within this secondary source, it described the
villagers; who were mainly peasants. It even talked a little about the Doomsday Book.
Other than the Doomsday Book, it described how much the villeins (or peasants) gave to
the lord. For example, "full" villeins gave 20 eggs on Es\aster while the cottagers were
only required to give 5 eggs to the lord of the manor. This was a very interesting book
that was easy to understand and was packed with information in just one chapter.
This is a chest that belongs to a lord. He stores his clothes here. Lord Humanities. N.p., n.d.
Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://lordhumanities.blogspot.com/2012_12_01_archive.html>.
This is also another perfect picture to put on my website. I was surprised that the lord
kept his clothes in a chest/ box.
This is an example of a lord in the middle ages and it's clothing. Lord Humanities. N.p., n.d.
Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://lordhumanities.blogspot.com/2012_12_01_archive.html>.
This is an excellent example to show how elegant a lord's life was in the middle ages. It
is very bold and detailed beautifully.
Wearns, David C., and Verner W. Clapp. Magna Carta- the Lincoln Cathedral Copy Exhibited
in the Library of Congress. Washington: GPO, 1939. Print. This secondary source was
helpful because it had a copy of the Magna Carta inside the book! I also liked how the
authors gathered notes from other people's work and annotated at the bottom. It gave a
very detailed description of what the Magna Carta holds and how its so powerful.
Western Reserve Public Media. Northeastern Educational Television of Ohio, n.d. Web. 12 Jan.
2014. <http://westernreservepublicmedia.org/middleages/feud_peasants.htm>. I was able
to find a whole lot of information on my topic. It was very simple for me to integrate this
information into my own words.