Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis
Autotrophic organisms – organisms
that make their own organic compounds
(food.)
Heterotrophic organisms – organisms
That CANNOT make their own food
Figure 10.2 Focusing in on the location of photosynthesis in a plant
Figure 10.6 Why leaves are green: interaction of light with chloroplasts
Overall reaction for photosynthesis:
Requirements for photosynthesis to
occur:
CO2 – this is obtained through
openings called stomata located
under the leaves. Draw here:
H2O – The roots pull it from the
soil up to the leaves.
Sunlight – provides energy for the
reaction.
Pigments:
Chlorophyll – absorbs red and blue
light (which provides energy)
Carotenes and Xanthophylls –
absorb different wavelengths of light.
Energy-storing compounds
The energy from the sun has to be
temporarily stored in a molecule
before it can be used to make sugar.
Solar energy elevates electrons to a
higher energy level by trapping them in
chemical bonds.
2 energy-storing molecules are used:
How they’re made
ATP
NADP+
- When an organism makes energy,
It is in the form of a molecule called
ATP
Draw chloroplast diagram here:
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/chloroplast.jpg
Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP
and NADPH (Layer 1)
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Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP
and NADPH (Layer 2)
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Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP
and NADPH (Layer 3)
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Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP
and NADPH (Layer 5)
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Figure 10.14 Cyclic electron flow
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Figure 10.16 The light reactions and chemiosmosis: the organization of the thylakoid
membrane
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Photosynthesis is a series of chemical
reactions in the chloroplast
1 – Light dependent reaction
(photochemical reaction)
-Occurs in the photosynthetic
membranes of the chloroplast (grana)
-Water is split using light energy in a
process called photolysis.
-Energy is transferred to ATP and
NADPH for use in the next reaction.
-Oxygen gas is produces as a
waste product.
Summary:
2 – Light-Independent Reaction
(a.k.a. Dark Reactions, Calvin Cycle,
Carbon Fixation) YIKES!!!
- Occurs in the stroma of the
chloroplast
- Carbon dioxide is used to create a
carbohydrate (glucose)
-Energy is provided by ATP and
NADPH from the light reaction:
Summary:
Box Diagram!