Georgia
Pilot/Escort
Certification
1
Welcome
2
Introduction
Your Manual
3
Introduction
YOUR manual (Chapters 1 – 5)
provides information about:
1) Qualifications, duties, and
responsibilities of escort
vehicle operators
2) Laws and rules and regulations
governing escort activities
4
Introduction
3) Information designed to make
the escort functions safer and
more effective.
5
Introduction
The Appendix Includes:
Appendix A — Escort Vehicle
Operator’s Checklist
Appendix B — Contact Information
6
Introduction
This course covers escort
procedures, traffic control, and
defensive driving techniques.
7
Introduction
Pilot/escort drivers must be
aware of the rules of the road,
not only in their home state, but
in any state in which they will be
operating.
8
Introduction
When you complete this course
and pass the exam, GDOT issues
a wallet certification card.
9
Chapter One
State of GA Escort Program
 Program Basics
 State of GA Rules
 Equipment – Required
 Equipment - Optional
10
Program Basics
When properly conducted, escort
services provide benefits to the
public and transporters of
oversize vehicles and loads.
11
Program Basics
Most hazards in escort operations
develop when drivers violate a
law, a safe driving practice, or
are unaware of how to control
traffic.
12
Program Basics
In other words,
we don’t know,
or we don’t do what we know.
13
Program Basics
Above all else, we must
remember that:
Your safety, the safety of your
crew, and the safety of the
motoring public are more
important than any transport
operation being performed.
14
General Certification
Requirements
Purpose of Certification
1)
To enhance the safety of the motoring public
and the motor carrier industry.
2)
Prevent damage to the highway system and load
being transported.
3)
Prevent or minimize delays to normal flow of
traffic.
4)
Reduce accident/loss rates, holding down
insurance costs.
5)
Standardize the escort industry.
15
General Certification
Requirements
Requirements
Any person who drives an escort
vehicle for hire in Georgia must
be certified by GDOT. To be
certified, the person must meet
these requirements:
16
General Certification
Requirements
1) Be at least 18 years old.
2) Possess a valid driver license
from the state or jurisdiction in
which the person is a resident.
17
General Certification
Requirements
3) Submit an application for
certification to the Oversize
Permit Unit of GDOT on the form
provided by GDOT, containing
all required information.
18
General Certification
Requirements
4) Attend a course in escort
vehicle certification, as
prescribed by GDOT, and pass the
escort vehicle certification
examination.
19
General Certification
Requirements
Course and examination
The course is taught by the
Technical College System of
Georgia.
20
General Certification
Requirements
Course and examination
Locations, times, and enrollment
information are available at:
(404) 253-2800
http://www.tcsg.edu/
21
General Certification
Requirements
Certification
GDOT will issue a certification
wallet card when a person
completes the escort course,
passes the test, and satisfies all
requirements.
22
General Certification
Requirements
The maximum term of the
certification is 4 years.
Certification automatically
expires after 4 years.
Upon expiration, the escort must
comply with GDOT rules in effect
at the time of recertification.
23
General Certification
Requirements
Operators must notify GDOT,
Oversize Permit Unit, in writing
within 30 days of any change of
address or name.
24
General Certification
Requirements
Pilot/Escorts who operate only in
intrastate commerce or in states
that do not have certification
requirements must apply for
certification. Such certification is
non-exempt from insurance
requirements.
25
General Certification
Requirements
Denial or withdrawal of
certification
The following circumstances shall
result in denial or withdrawal of
certification:
26
General Certification
Requirements
1) Failure to satisfy requirements
or failure to give required or
correct information on the
application.
2) Violation of rules established
by the certifying state.
27
General Certification
Requirements
3) Suspension, revocation,
cancellation, or denial of driver‘s
license. The certified operator
must notify GDOT, Oversize
Permit Unit, in writing within 5
days of suspension, revocation,
cancellation, or denial.
28
General Certification
Requirements
4) An accumulation of 15 points
against the driver’s license of the
certified operator within 24
months (combined in any of the
50 states).
29
General Certification
Requirements
Hearing
If an escort has his/her certification
withdrawn, the escort may request a
hearing, in writing within 15 days of
notification, with the GDOT
Administrator of the Oversize Permit
Unit.
30
General Certification
Requirements
Hearing
The Administrator may set aside or
affirm the loss of the oversizeoverweight load escort vehicle
certification. The individual
appealing will be advised of the final
disposition of the action within 21
days following the receipt of the
appeal.
31
General Certification
Requirements
The GDOT Administrator of the
Oversize Permit Unit may arrange
reciprocal agreements with other
states.
32
General Certification
Requirements
Currently, reciprocal agreements
are in place with North Carolina
and Florida.
33
General Certification
Requirements
Certification by other states
Escorts do NOT need Georgia
certification if they are residents
of and have a certification from a
state that has a reciprocal
agreement with Georgia.
34
General Certification
Requirements
However, an escort vehicle
operator who is a Georgia
resident must have a Georgia
certification.
35
Review: General Certification
Requirements
How old must escort drivers be?
(18)
Must have valid Driver’s License
from where? (State where he or she
lives)
Certification lasts how long? (4
years)
36
Review: General Certification
Requirements
How long to notify GDOT of name or
address change? (30 days)
How long to notify GDOT if license is
revoked, suspended, etc.? (5 days)
How many points can lead to suspension in
Georgia? (15 points in 24 months)
37
State of Georgia Rules
Rules
• Georgia Code Section 32-6-1
• 672-2: Permits For Vehicles or Loads of
Excess Weight or Dimension
Georgia Laws that govern the
movement of goods and materials are
contained in the Official Code of
Georgia, Volume 23, Title 32 entitled
Highways, Bridges and Ferries, Article
Two of Chapter Six.
38
State of Georgia Rules
No person shall operate an escort
vehicle for hire unless the person
has been certified by GDOT as an
escort vehicle operator.
39
State of Georgia Rules
A Vehicle is oversize/overweight if any of the following
conditions exist:
Width is greater than eight feet six inches (8’ 6”)
Height is greater than thirteen feet six inches (13’ 6”)
Weight is greater than 80,000lbs
(or gross weight is greater than the maximum allowable
weight according to the federal bridge law)
Length is greater than 100’ long - (varies). Including
overhang.
(A legal 53’ semi trailer combination with no overall
length limitations is allowed on federal/STAA routes)
40
State of Georgia Rules
Any dimensions found to exceed
the legal limits will require a
permit.
Escort Requirements:
An escort driver is required if
stated on the OS/OW permit.
41
Escort Requirements
Any vehicle or combination of
vehicles exceeding width,
height, or length requirements
operating on state/interstate
highways, must be accompanied
by escort vehicle(s), as set forth
by the GDOT Board Rules.
672-2-06(3)(C)
42
Oversize Vehicle
Width
Loads 12 feet wide or more but less
than or equal to 14 feet 8 inches
wide must be accompanied by a
Front escort vehicle and a
Rear escort/Amber lights on two-lane
highway and by a Rear escort on
multi-lane highways.
672-2-06(3)(C)(i)
43
Oversize Vehicle
Width
Loads more than 14 feet 8 inches
wide including 16 feet wide are
required to be accompanied by two
escort vehicles, one in front and
one in the rear, on two-lane
highways. A rear escort only is
required on interstate highways.
672-2-06(3)(C)(ii)
44
Oversize Vehicle
Width
All loads more than 16 feet wide or
for loads not defined above are
required to be accompanied by two
escort vehicles, one in the front and
one in the rear, on all roads and
highways. GDOT may require a police
escort.
672-2-06(3)(C)(iii)
45
Oversize Vehicle
Height
Loads 15 feet, 6 inches or greater
are required to be accompanied
by a vehicle front escort with a
height sensor, when traveling on
a limited access highway.
672-2-06.2
46
Oversize Vehicle
Height
15 Feet or greater requires a
Vehicle Front Escort with a height
sensor when traveling through
larger cities where traffic signals
may be encountered.
47
Oversize Vehicle
Length
Any permitted load whose length
exceeds 75 feet but is less than
or equal to 100 feet, a Rear
Escort/Amber Light is required.
672-2-06-1(i)
48
Oversize Vehicle
Length
For any permitted load whose
length exceeds 100 feet but is
less than or equal to 125 feet, a
Vehicle Rear Escort is required.
672-2-6-1(ii)
49
Oversize Vehicle
Length
For any permitted load whose
length is greater than 125 feet, a
Vehicle Front and Vehicle Rear
Escort is required.
672-2-6-1(iii)
50
Oversize Vehicles and Loads:
General
The OVERSIZE LOAD sign and
flagging is required on the front
of the towing vehicle or escort
and on the rear of the load or
escort vehicle, whichever
extends the farthest.
672-2-7
51
Oversize Vehicles and Loads:
General
OVERSIZE LOAD signs must not
be displayed on a vehicle of legal
dimensions.
The sign must have a yellow
background with black lettering.
52
Oversize Vehicles and Loads:
General
OVERSIZE LOAD signs must be at
least one (1) foot high and six (6)
feet wide.
Letters must be black on an
Orange or Yellow backboard and
be at least eight (8) inches high
and four (4) inches wide.
53
Oversize Vehicles and Loads:
General
OVERSIZE LOAD sign may be
mounted either on the roof or on
the bumper of the escort vehicle.
If mounted on the bumper, sign
must be as high as practicable
from the ground.
54
Oversize Vehicles and Loads:
General
OVERSIZE LOAD signs and flags
may also be required for the load
vehicle. Rules about these signs
and flags are found at:
672-2-.07
55
Oversize Load Sign Placement
56
Special Rules: Manufactured
Homes
Special conditions exist for
escorting manufactured homes,
modular buildings, and houses.
These rules are found on the
GDOT website, in rules:
672-2-.04
57
Special Rules: Superloads
Superloads are a special category
of permitted loads. Specific
instructions will be dictated on
the permit – read it carefully.
58
Special Rules:
Superloads/Megaloads
A Superload is:
• Weight in excess of 150,000
pounds.
A Megaload is:
• Weight in excess of 180,000
pounds.
59
Special Rules: Escorts for
Superloads/Megaloads
Blue light police escorts may be required
for Superload/Megaloads. Follow specific
instructions on the permit.
GDOT rule 672-2-.01(f) states, “Police
Escort: A police escort vehicle shall be an
automobile with markings identifying its
law enforcement jurisdiction and shall be
equipped with a flashing or revolving blue
light as defined in Code Sections 40-8-91
and 40-8-92, O.C.G.A.”
60
Insurance
Each escort vehicle operator who
operates in interstate commerce
must have a valid insurance
policy issued by a company
authorized to issue insurance
policies in Georgia.
61
Insurance
The proof of insurance must
be carried in the escort
vehicle at all times.
62
Insurance
The insurance policy shall
protect against loss of life, bodily
injury, and property damage, and
provide no less than $1,000,000
combined single limit coverage.
63
Required Equipment
Vehicle requirements
A pickup truck used as an escort
vehicle must be rated not less
than 1/4 ton.
An automobile must weigh not
less than 2000 pounds.
64
Required Equipment
The escort vehicle must be
properly licensed in Georgia or
another state.
If commercially licensed, an
escort for an intrastate move
must obtain a temporary
registration from the Georgia
Department of Revenue.
65
Required Equipment
Sign
The “Oversize Load” sign must
be placed on the front or the
roof of front vehicle and on the
rear or roof of the rear vehicle.
66
Required Equipment
Flags
Red flags, at least 12 inches square,
mounted on the top of the cab, angled
upward to the left and right at 45
degrees.
Mirrors
The vehicle shall be equipped with an
outside rear-view mirror on each side of
the vehicle.
67
Required Equipment
Flashing Amber Light
At least one, rotating or strobe,
positioned on top of the escort
vehicle. The light must have a
minimum five inch diameter base
and minimum 4 inch lens height,
and must be visible for at least 500
feet. A minimum of 60 flashes per
minute required.
68
Required Equipment
Headlights
Headlights of escort vehicles must be
on at all times during movement.
No warning lights shall be displayed
unless the escort vehicle is actively
escorting.
69
Required Equipment
During the movement of all
permitted loads, it is required
that all warning lights on the
truck, transport vehicle, escorts,
and unit shall be operating.
70
Required Equipment
Measuring pole (Height Pole
Indicator)
A height measuring pole made of
non-conductive, flexible, nonfragile material when escorting a
load 15 feet, 6 inches tall or
taller.
71
Example: Height Measuring Pole
72
Required Equipment
Radio
Escort and towing vehicles must have a
two-way radio capable of transmitting and
receiving at least 1/2 mile and must be
compatible with radios in the load vehicle
and all escort vehicles. Two-way radio
contact required between the escort driver
and the driver of the oversize/overweight
load.
73
Required Equipment
Stop/Slow Paddle
The sign shall be at least 18’x18’ with 6” high
letters, octagonal, and should be mounted on
a rigid handle.
Safety Helmet/Vest or High Visibility Clothing
Must wear an approved safety helmet, safety
vest, shirt, or coat while flagging. Approved
colors are orange, yellow, yellow-green, or
fluorescent versions of these colors.
74
Required Equipment
Channelization Device
At least three bi-directional retro
reflective triangles, with a
minimum 17 inch arm length and
minimum arm width of 2 inches.
75
Required Equipment
Identification of escort vehicles
The escort vehicle must have on
each side of the escort vehicle the
name and/or owner of the escort
vehicle, and the city and state of the
escort vehicle company. The sign
shall be a minimum of 8” x 12”.
76
Required Equipment
Well known company logos are
acceptable. The signs on both
sides of the vehicle must be:
Easily readable and visible to the
public during daylight hours
from a distance of 50 feet when
the vehicle is stationary.
77
Required Equipment
Fire extinguishers
One 10- pound or two 5-pound
ABC fire extinguishers.
Extinguishers must be checked
annually to ensure they are
operational.
78
Required Equipment
Certification
Escort vehicle operators must carry their
certification wallet card while escorting a
permitted load.
Manufactured Homes
Equipment required for special 16’ wide
manufactured home escorts, special rules
for 16’ wide manufactured homes.
79
Optional Equipment
Some non-mandated equipment may
prove useful on the highway. See your
Operator’s Handbook for more
information.
A. Routine Job and Maintenance Items
B. Emergency/Breakdown Items
C. Personal Items
See Appendix A for a pre-job checklist.
80
Prohibitions
The escort vehicle shall NOT
carry any item, equipment, or
load in or upon the vehicle that:
Exceeds the height, length or
width of the escort vehicle
Overhangs the vehicle
Impairs its immediate
recognition as an escort vehicle
81
Prohibitions
Impairs the view of the operator of
the escort or escorted vehicle.
Obstructs the view of signs or flags
used by the escort vehicle.
The escort operator may NOT tow
any trailer or other vehicle (except
for the manufactured home
provision).
82
Prohibitions
In short, nothing should be in or on the
escort vehicle that impairs the
performance of the escort vehicle.
Note:
Red Flags are not to be used for flagging
traffic. The stop/slow paddle must be used
for traffic.
No driver or passenger other than the certified
vehicle escort operator will be allowed to
travel in the escort.
83
Review - Chapter 1
A car used as an escort vehicle
must weigh how much? (at least
2,000 pounds)
What information must be
displayed on each side of the
escort vehicle? (name, location,
federal id number)
84
Review Required Equipment
From what distance must a
person be able to read the sign
on the side of the vehicle? (50
feet)
A pickup used as an escort vehicle
must be rated at what load
capacity? (not less than 1/4 ton)
85
Review Required Equipment
Name three things required to be
in an escort vehicles. (fire
extinguisher, stop/slow paddle,
helmet)
When is a height pole required?
(15 feet in larger cities and 15
feet 6 inches on highways)
86
Chapter Two
Functions and Duties of Escort
Drivers
 Oversize Load Hazards
 Railroad Crossings
 Utility Lines
 Height Poles for Overhead
Measurement
87
Chapter Two
General Duties and
Responsibilities
Front Escorts
Rear Escorts
Distances Between Vehicles
Lead Vehicles
Rear Vehicles


88
Oversize Load Hazards
Each permitted load has its own
hazards, depending on whether it
is overwidth, overheight,
overlength, or overweight. In all
cases the permitted load exceeds
the optimum design limits of the
highway system.
89
Oversize Load Hazards
It is the responsibility of each
escort vehicle operator to know
the dimensions of the permitted
load in order to avoid
endangering the public and the
permitted load.
90
Overwidth Load Hazards
Overwidth loads are hazards to the
motoring public since these loads
generally impact the adjacent lanes
and roadway shoulders. Drivers to
not give up “their lane” easily.
Escorts drivers warn the public the
overwidth load is using part of “their
lane”.
91
Overheight Load Hazards
Drivers must verify the actual
height of the load. This is
especially true for loads that
could impact bridges or overpass
structures that have a variable
clearance, depending on the lane
selected.
92
Engineering Calculation
A backhoe weighing 28 tons is on top
of a flatbed trailer heading east on
Interstate 70 near Hays, Kansas. The
extended shovel arm is made of
hardened refined steel and the
approaching overpass is made of
commercial-grade concrete, reinforced
with 1 1/2 inch steel rbar spaced at 6
inch intervals in a criss-cross pattern
layered with 1 foot vertical spacing.
93
Engineering Calculation
Solve:
When the shovel arm hits the
overpass, how fast does the
trailer with the backhoe have to
be going to slice the bridge in
half? (Assume no headwind and
no braking by the driver who is
oblivious of the situation . . . )
94
Engineering Calculation
Extra Credit:
Solve for the time and distance
required for the entire rig to
come to a complete stop after
hitting the overpass at the speed
calculated above.
95
Engineering Calculation
96
Engineering Calculation
97
Engineering Calculation
98
Engineering Calculation
Answer:
It doesn't really matter... The
point is the trucking company
just bought a bridge.
99
Overlength Load Hazards
Overlength loads are limited to
roadways where the load can
negotiate curves, interchanges,
entrances, and exits to roadways.
Overlength loads must be
evaluated for railroad crossings
to make sure that long loads do
not get high-centered.
100
Overweight Load Hazards
Represent a traffic hazard due to
their reduced speeds. Whenever
permitted loads cannot maintain the
speed of surrounding vehicles and
there is a backup of traffic, escort
vehicles and transport operators shall
pull to the roadside periodically to
allow traffic to clear.
101
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
The operator of the escort
vehicle and operator of the
oversize vehicle or load shall
comply with the following
procedures:
102
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
Traffic control
The escort vehicle operator is
authorized, when needed, to
direct traffic to stop, slow down,
or proceed.
103
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
The escort operator will assist
getting the load as far off the
roadway as possible and stop to
allow other traffic to pass, under
the following conditions:
104
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
When the escorted vehicle or
load becomes disabled.
105
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
When movement of the load
presents a safety risk or
unreasonably interferes with
movement of traffic, traffic
volume, visibility, mountainous
terrain, or other factors.
106
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
When driving conditions are
hazardous for any reason
including weather.
107
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
The escort vehicle operator shall
ensure that the escort vehicle is
in safe operating condition at all
times when the escort vehicle is
escorting an oversize load.
108
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
On multi-lane highways, the
escort vehicle will travel far
enough to the rear of the
escorted vehicle or load to timely
warn motorists approaching from
the rear.
109
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
When the load stops, the escort
vehicle operator may direct
other traffic past the load as
necessary until the load can
reenter the roadway without
presenting a safety risk or
interfering with traffic flow.
110
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
All Permitted loads must pull
over and allow traffic to pass
when four or more vehicles are
following behind.
111
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
All necessary safety precautions
must be employed in crossing
narrow bridges, including
flagging other traffic to allow for
safe crossing.
112
Duties of
Escort Vehicle Operators
The escort vehicle operator must
obey all traffic laws.
113
Railroad Crossings
Railroad crossings present
unique problems to escort and
truck drivers. Each railroad
crossing should be assessed.
114
Railroad Crossings
When escorting a load with low
ground clearance and confronted
with any crossing at which the
profile may be a problem, the
railroad should be informed of
the time the load will be crossing.
115
Railroad Crossings
Critical crossings should be
identified in the route survey and
escort drivers need to:
116
Railroad Crossings
Assess the load limitations,
specifically height and ground
clearance
Assess the danger at rail
crossings, specifically, the
amount of rail traffic and crossing
profiles
117
Railroad Crossings
Notify the railroad company in
advance of crossing if there is
any doubt about the load being
able to negotiate the crossing.
118
Railroad Crossings
It is imperative that escort
drivers be aware of the ground
clearance of any load in order to
properly assess railroad
crossings.
119
Railroad Crossings
Expect a train on any track at
any time
Don’t get trapped on a railroad
crossing
NEVER drive around a gate that
is down
Watch out for a second train
120
Railroad Crossings
Get out of your vehicle if it stalls
or is hung on the crossing
Never race a train to a crossing
Watch for vehicles that must stop
at highway-railroad crossings
Don’t misjudge the train’s speed
and distance
121
Railroad Crossings
Stopping Distances at 55 mph
Passenger Car = 190 feet
Tractor-trailer loaded with cool
brakes = 256 feet
150-car freight train = 8,000 feet
(1.5 miles)
122
Railroad Crossings
If the truck gets stuck or stalls within 15 feet
of the tracks, get out and get help
immediately.
If you do get stuck, call the 800 number first:
Norfolk Southern Emergency 1-800-946-4744
CSX Emergency Number
1-800-232-0144
Local Police
911
123
Railroad Crossings
The most important information
you can give to emergency
response personnel is the DOTAAR crossing identification
number. This number is located
on the crossbuck signpost, the
signal mast, or the control box.
124
Railroad Crossings
Here is an example:
CSX Transportation
To Report Stalled Vehicles Blocking
Crossing or Other Emergency
Call 1-800-232-0144
Refer to Crossing
630 657 S
ID Number
Located at
163.43
Mile Post
125
Railroad Crossings
If a train is coming, get out of the
truck and run away from the
track towards the direction from
which the train is coming. This
will help you to avoid flying glass
and debris, which is extremely
hazardous in the event of a
collision.
126
Railroad Crossings
Watch Video:
Your License or Your Life
127
Utility Lines
Utility lines must only be lifted,
moved, or otherwise touched by a
trained employee of the utility
company. Do Not attempt to move a
line yourself; call the power, phone,
cable, or other utility company. Many
fatalities occur every year because of
unqualified persons attempting to
move lines themselves.
128
Utility Lines
Treat all wires, cables,
utility lines
As “HOT” – no exceptions!
129
Utilities and Railroads General
All public utilities and railroads
along the route must be
contacted in advance of the move
by the permit holder.
130
Utilities and Railroads General
NJUNS
National Joint Utility Notification
System
The Oversize Load Move Program
was designed to provide utility
releases, in advance of the move
date, for very large loads, including
houses, which may conflict with
aerial facility crossings.
131
NJUNS
National Joint Utility Notification System
Since 2005, it has allowed utility
companies in Georgia to provide releases
for over 1750 moves. Oversize Load allows
the ticket creator to send notice about an
upcoming large load move to a system
generated list of registered members in
counties identified along the route.
132
NJUNS Ticket
Oversized loads with a height equal to or
greater than 18’0 require a NJUNS ticket.
The Georgia Utility Coordinating Council
(GUCC) requires a National Joint Utility
Notification Service (NJUNS) ticket number be
issued for loads equal to or greater than 18’0”
in height. The issuance and coordination for
these loads shall be the primary responsibility
of the Oversize Permit Unit.
133
NJUNS Ticket
The Oversize Permit Unit will require carriers
to obtain the following information:
•Complete permit application
•Verification of non-divisible load
•NJUNS Ticket Number
•Verification of insurance requirements
•Pay method and or collection of fees
•Carrier status (delinquent revenue or
overweight citations)
•Escort verification
•District approval/denial
134
Height Poles
The Height Pole is
very important for
escort vehicles that
have an overheight
load with them. This
device determines
the clearance for
utility lines, traffic
signal lights,
overpasses, and
bridges.
135
Height Poles
Once the height pole has been placed on the
escort vehicle, the pole shall not be less than
three (3) inches above the load height or
greater than six (6) inches above the
maximum height of the load.
The load driver should tell the escort driver
the height of the load. The height pole or
other measuring device can be used to check
measurements given to you by the load driver.
136
Height Poles
Height poles and associated hardware for
attaching to vehicles are not available in stores, so
it is up to the escort driver to build one or have
one built and attached to their vehicle.
A height pole needs to be flexible, but not
breakable if it comes into contact with bridges or
overpasses. If the pole does bend due to contact
with a bridge or overpass, it need to be able to
return to the exact height it was before the hit.
137
Height Poles
When not escorting a permitted load, the height
pole must be stored. The only exception is when
the escort driver is checking the route for any
possible obstacles.
The lead escort vehicle needs to be well ahead of
the load in order to measure any overhead
barriers that are on the route and relay any
problems or other important information to the
permitted load driver. Allow the permitted load
driver plenty of time to react to whatever
situation is ahead.
138
Height Poles
Follow these guidelines when measuring
overhead barriers:
• Measure bridge lanes from their mid-point.
• Measure overhead utility wires and power
lines at their lowest point.
• Measure traffic signals to their side. Avoid
hitting them because they are fragile and
costly to repair.
139
Front & Rear Escort
Responsibilities
Front Escorts:
• Warn oncoming traffic of the presence of the
overdimensional load.
• Assist the driver of the overdimensinal load by
using two-way communication of possible
hazards.
• Check shoulder and alert driver of soft
shoulders, ruts, debris, abandoned vehicles,
mailboxes, etc.
140
Front Escort Responsibilities
• Assure the driver is following the route on the
•
•
•
•
permit.
Watch for construction zones.
Locate safe places to allow the
overdimensional load and escort vehicles to
clear the roadway so traffic following the load
can safely pass.
Check overhead clearances in the case of
overheight loads.
Flag traffic if necessary.
141
Rear Escort Responsibilities
 Know the dimensions of the oversized load.
 Warn traffic approaching from the rear of the
presence of an overdimensional load.
 Assist the overdimensional load driver by
providing notification of flat tires, objects
coming loose from the load, and other
occurrences the driver may not be aware of.
 Monitor top of overheight loads while passing
under bridges, wires, etc.
142
Rear Escort Responsibilities
 Notify the front escort driver and
overdimensional load operator of traffic
buildup and other delays to the normal flow of
traffic.
 Notify the overdimensional load driver of
motorist attempting to pass the load.
 Keep the driver informed of your location,
particularly when the oversize load is to be
maneuvered through curves, turns, bridges,
and lane changes.
 Flag traffic if necessary.
143
Distances Between Vehicles
With respect to distance between
vehicles, on two-lane highways,
the first escort vehicle will travel
far enough to the front and the
second escort vehicle, if required,
will travel far enough to the rear
of the load to timely warn
drivers.
144
Distances Between Vehicles
There is no one set distance
between escort vehicles and
permitted loads at all depends on
conditions. Generally, a
separation of 500 feet to a ¼
mile, is appropriate under normal
conditions.
145
Chapter Three
Highway Operations
 Rules and Regulations
 Getting on the Road
 Maneuvering the Load
 Typical Applications
146
Rules and Regulations
• Must have appropriate signs and
banners.
(Refer to Equipment Section)
• Allowing Built-up Traffic to Pass
-When 4 or more cars buildup, allow traffic to pass
-Slow to a minimum of 25 mph
147
Rules and Regulations
• Headlights must be Burning
• Emergency 4-Way Flashers
-Not to be used unless speed is
less than 40 mph or less than
the minimum posted speed
148
Rules and Regulations
Holiday Travel:
Permitted vehicles cannot travel
on the following holidays: New
Years Day, Memorial Day,
Independence Day, Labor Day,
Thanksgiving Day, Christmas
Day.
149
Rules and Regulations
Movement of oversize loads is
permitted only during daylight
hours.
Daylight is defined as:
½ hour after sunrise to
½ hour before sunset
No Travel on Sunday.
150
Curfew Areas and Hours
Curfew hours are enforced around
metropolitan areas from 7 am to 9 am or
from 4 pm to 6 pm. These areas include
the following counties: Bibb, Chatham,
Clayton, Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, Gwinnett,
Muscogee and Richmond. Plan for the
delay by knowing where you can safely
park the oversize load during restricted
hours.
151
Rules and Regulations
Do NOT drive the escort vehicle with
the “OVERSIZE LOAD” sign displayed
unless actively escorting. Turn off all
warning lights and remove flags.
Never run traffic lights, stop signs,
cross the double solid yellow
centerline, run motorists off the road,
or commit any violation.
152
Rules and Regulations
Passengers and Pets:
The escort vehicle operator
should travel alone, no
passengers or animals.
153
Rules and Regulations
Escorts may not assume police
powers or operate their vehicles
as an emergency vehicle while
escorting an oversize load.
154
Rules and Regulations
Use extreme caution in hazardous
weather, traffic, and road
conditions.
Hazardous conditions include snow,
ice, sleet, fog, mist, rain, dust,
smoke, excessive wind, or any
condition that affects visibility,
traction, or braking.
155
Rules and Regulations
The state may restrict or prohibit
operations when, in the state’s
judgment, weather, traffic, road, or
other conditions exist that make
such operations unsafe.
Permits are not valid for travel due to
weather conditions when visibility is
less than 600 feet or winds gusts
exceed 25 mph.
156
Rules and Regulations
Convoy Travel:
Is NOT authorized. Permitted
vehicles owned or leased by the
same company or permitted
vehicles originating at the same
location shall travel at a distance
of not less than two miles apart.
157
Review: Rules and Regulations
What does “daylight” mean?
½ hour after and ½ hour before sunrise and sunset.
How many pets may travel in the escort
vehicle?
None
When should the Oversize Load sign be
displayed?
When Actively Escorting.
When is convoy travel allowed?
Never.
158
Getting on the Road
Pre-drive the Route
Issuance of a permit does not guarantee
clearances along the route.
Pre-Trip Activities




Check permitted load for:
Flags
Signs and Banners
Flashing Amber Light
Measurements confirmed
159
Getting on the Road
Check Escort Vehicle:
• Required Equipment – as described in
Chapter 1
• Start at the front bumper of the
escort vehicle, walk around using the
pre-trip check list found in the
Appendix
• Make sure all items are stored away
on the escort vehicle
160
Getting on the Road
Communication Equipment and
Procedures:
• Primary and backup channel(s)
• Phone Numbers if using cell phones
• Check batteries, adapters, cords, etc
• Manner of communication
(how much talk and when does the load driver
want?)
161
Getting on the Road
Trip Planning:
• Verify permitted route
• Identify locations requiring extra
caution
A pre-trip checklist is included in the
manual as appendix A
162
Two-Lane One Car Escort
• The lead vehicle is in operating mode –
headlights on, amber lights flashing,
banner installed
• Escort vehicle in front of load, separated by
500 feet depending on conditions
163
Two-Lane One Car Escort
• Escort vehicle operator drives on
the right side of the highway,
unless clearing an obstacle.
• One car escort may need to move
from lead to rear to check load
and coach driver around curves,
bridges, etc
164
Two-Lane Two-Car Escort
Same as One-Car Escorts except:
• Rear Escort radios driver of any
problems
• Rear Escort maintains a following
distance of 3 to 4 seconds
165
Two-Lane Two-Car Escort
 The rear escort must drive on the left hand
side of the right lane even with the left
side of the road
 Do not get in the load driver’s blind spot
 Rear escort tells load driver and lead escort
of passing vehicles
166
Two Lane Two Car Escort
Passing a Slower Vehicle:
• Lead escort vehicle operator informs
load driver and any other escorts of
slow-moving vehicle
• Allow for clearance, slow moving
vehicle must not be caught between
load and an escort vehicle
167
Two Lane Two Car Escort
Passing a Slower Vehicle:
• Rear escort moves to left lane to
block following traffic from passing
before load attempts to pass
• Load moves into passing lane
168
Two Lane Two Car Escort
Passing a Slower Vehicle:
Rear escort vehicle operator radios to permit driver
1. “You are clear to move left one lane” to
pass then,
2. “Move back right one lane.”
169
Two Lane Two Car Escort
Passing a Slower Vehicle:
• Rear escort driver radios the load driver to
move back into the right lane once the load
has cleared the slower vehicle
Extreme Caution must be taken when passing
a slower vehicle with an “Oversized Load”.
170
Passing an Obstruction on Shoulder
 Lead escort vehicle lets load driver and other
escort vehicles know by radio how far off the
white line the obstruction is in feet
 Lead escort driver moves to the left until the
load has passed the obstruction
171
Passing an Obstruction on Shoulder
Passing obstruction on shoulder, rear escort
informs load driver when
1. It is “clear to move one lane “left” and
2. It is “clear to move right, one lane, clear.”
172
Two-Lane Bridge, Two-Way Traffic
Lead escort vehicle must cross bridge,
proceed to open spot, and stop oncoming
traffic. Permitted load waits until lead
driver radios that it is safe to cross.
173
Two-Lane Bridge, Two-Way Traffic
Next, lead escort driver gives radio signal
that they have the traffic stopped and it is
ok for permitted load to cross bridge.
174
Multi-Lane Bridge, One-Way Traffic
Multi-lane bridge, one-way traffic –
lead escort vehicle operator request
permitted load driver to “move left
one lane.”
175
Multi-Lane Bridge, One-Way Traffic
Next, rear escort vehicle operator informs
permitted load driver that it is, “clear to move
one lane left.” The escort vehicle operator
moves over the center line to keep other
vehicles from attempting to pass permitted
load.
176
Multi-Lane Bridge, One-Way Traffic
Finally, rear escort vehicle operator radios to
permitted load driver that it is, “clear to
move one lane right” after bridge has been
crossed.
177
Interstate Interchanges and Clover Leafs
Front and rear escort vehicle operators are
responsible for guiding oversize loads through
an interchange. Operators must keep the load
from being damaged or crashing into merging
traffic. Stay close to the permitted load.
178
Interstate Interchanges and Clover Leafs
Rear escort vehicle monitors clearances.
179
Interstate Interchanges and Clover Leafs
Rear escort vehicle talks the permitted load
driver through the traffic merger.
180
Right Turns at Intersections
Lead escort vehicle proceeds through
intersection to warn motorist of wide
turns.
181
Right Turns at Intersections
Permitted vehicle swings wide as
rear escort monitors.
182
Right Turns at Intersections
Lead escort vehicle moves to the
right lane as oversize load clears
intersection.
183
Driving thru Town and City Streets
• Extreme caution must be taken in when
making certain movements on a town or city
street
• The public is not aware of drastic movements
that may have to be made to avoid hazards
• For example, you may have to drive on the
wrong side of the road to get around traffic
signs, and other overhead obstacles
• Lead escort must run the height pole at the
same place as the peak of the load
184
Driving thru Town and City Streets
Driving through town and city streets
presents many more hazards than
rural areas.
185
Driving thru Town and City
Streets
It is appropriate to hug the
centerline to discourage passing
when a hazard exists. (As
illustrated in the prior slide).
186
Driving thru Town and City Streets
On City Streets Watch for:
Hydrants, Overhead Power Lines,
Bicycle lane, Parked Cars,
Pedestrians in crosswalks,
overhead traffic lights.
187
Driving thru Town and City Streets
If the front escort passes through a traffic
light as it turns red, the escorted load is
always required to stop. The escort driver
should wait for the load until the light
changes.
If the rear escort vehicle gets stopped at an
intersection, load driver should slow down and
wait for the rear escort to get back into
position so that the back if the load is
protected.
188
Review Questions – Functions
and Duties
What is the number of escorts required for
loads more than 14 feet wide 8 inches but less
than 16 feet wide on two-lane roads? (Two)
How many escorts are required for any
combination of vehicles longer than 125 feet?
(Two)
Loads 12 feet or wider, up to 14 feet 8 inches
wide must have?
(A front escort and a rear escort/amber light
on two-lane highways and a rear escort on
multi-lane highways)
189
Highway Operations
Watch Video:
Escort Vehicle Operator
190
Chapter Four
Breakdowns and Emergency
Operations
 Accidents and Emergency
Operations
 Flagging
 Flagging Equipment
191
Accidents and Emergency
Operations
What To Do
If you or one of your crew is involved in an
accident and not seriously hurt, take steps to
prevent further accidents.
 Protect the Area
 Notify Authorities
 Care for the Injured
192
Accidents and Emergency
Operations
Reporting an Accident
Report to police authorities as quickly
as possible any accident where a
person has been killed or injured or a
vehicle or other property has been
damaged. Report immediately any
damage to stop signs, warning signs,
traffic signals, etc.
193
Emergency Procedures
If an accident occurs:
Identify and communicate
emergency situation to escorts
and load.
194
Emergency Procedures




Warn approaching traffic
Help prevent a second
accident by pulling off the
road as completely as possible.
Turn on flashers
Call 911
195
Emergency Procedures
If there are injuries, do not move the
injured unless they are in immediate
danger.
When trained personnel arrive, briefly tell
them what you’ve done, ask if you can help
further, and do not interfere with their
efforts to care for the injured.
196
Emergency Procedures
Report to authorities as quickly
as possible any accident in
which:


A person is killed or injured
A vehicle or other property is
damaged to the extent it cannot
be moved.
197
Emergency Procedures
Exchange information so that you
may make a complete report of
the accident. Get the following
information:
198
Emergency Procedures
 Names of drivers involved
 Addresses
 Insurance policy numbers
 Insurance company names
 Owners
 Vehicles involved
 Names of eye witnesses
199
Emergency Procedures
Advise dispatcher/carrier
Record incident details
(Incident Report)
Contact property owner
Contact appropriate public officials
200
Emergency Procedures
 Resolve
emergency situation as
quickly as possible
 Do not abandon load or leave
load unprotected
 Make every effort to minimize
disruption of traffic flow
201
Emergency Procedures
Always carry insurance
information and escort
certification.
202
Flagging
The Manual on Uniform Traffic
Control Devices (MUTCD) is the
federal standard used for
flagging. The book outlines
proper flagging methods.
203
Flagging
204
Flagging
Flagging traffic is a normal part
of operations – proper equipment
and procedures must be used.
205
Flagging
Flaggers must become
knowledgeable and experienced
in traffic control.
Workers in the area are
dependent on the flagger to
guide traffic safely through the
problem area.
206
Flagging
For flagging to be effective, it
must:
• Fulfill a need
• Command attention and respect
• Convey a clear, simple message
• Give adequate time for response
207
Flagging
Along with the primary
responsibility to provide safety
for people in the work zone, the
flagger, is also the person who
has the most contact with the
public.
208
Flagging
Flaggers are needed to provide
clear, safe directions through the
problem area, as well as
comment on conditions ahead.
Therefore, a good flagger is alert,
courteous, and patient.
209
Flagging
Flaggers should be neat, clean,
and professional in appearance.
Flaggers must have a sense of
responsibility for the safety of
the public and co-workers.
210
Flagging
Flaggers must be adequately
trained in safe, temporary traffic
control practices.
Flaggers must be in good
physical condition, specifically
good eyesight, mobility, and
hearing.
211
Flagging
A clean, neat appearance will
lend authority to the flagger’s
presence, gaining respect,
creating a professional
atmosphere, and, ultimately,
helping the flagger become more
effective.
212
Flagging
Flaggers in the daytime must
wear a protective orange helmet
and vest or jacket.
Nighttime flagging requires
retro-reflective material visible
from 1000 feet.
213
Flagging
Other useful equipment:
(not required, but a good idea)
Air Horn
Gloves--Reflective/Safety orange
214
Flagging
Two basic pieces of equipment to
control traffic: the STOP/SLOW
Paddle and Flags
STOP/SLOW Paddle
Gives drivers clearer guidance than
flags, and is, therefore the preferred
hand signaling device.
215
Flagging
The “STOP/SLOW” sign paddle
must be 18 inches square, with
letters at least 6 inches high.
A rigid handle should be
provided.
216
Flagging
The combination sign should be
made of light semi-rigid material,
and be octagonal shaped.
217
Flagging
The background of the “STOP”
face shall be red with white
letters and border.
The background of the “SLOW”
face shall be orange with black
letters and border.
(Appendix D)
218
Red
Background
Orange
Background
STOP
White Border
and Letters
18”
6”
SLOW
STOP
Black
Border and
Letters
219
Flagging
Flagging Equipment
24 x 24 inch Flag
In emergencies, a flag may be used. Flag
should be a minimum of 24 inches square,
red in color, and securely fastened to a 3foot staff. The free edge should be
weighted so the flag will hang vertically,
even in heavy wind.
220
Flagging Procedures
The primary function of traffic
control procedures is to move
vehicles and pedestrians safely
around temporary traffic
situations such as breakdowns or
accidents, while protecting
workers and equipment.
221
Flagging Procedures
When a load interferes with the flow
of traffic, jeopardizing safety, it is
necessary for the escort to guide
traffic around the hazard using
techniques described in the Manual
on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.
(MUTCD, paragraph 6E)
222
Flagging Procedures
The flagger must always be
alert and must be in
communication at all times by
using predetermined signals
when visible to each other, twoway radios, or a pilot car radio.
223
Flagging Procedures
Flagging requires attention.
Therefore, flaggers should take
breaks periodically to prevent
fatigue. This requires at least two
qualified flaggers at a minimum.
224
Flagging Procedures
How to use the STOP/SLOW paddle
To stop traffic
The flagger faces traffic and extends the
“STOP” paddle in a stationary position
extended horizontally away from the
body. The free arm is extended at
shoulder level with palm facing
approaching traffic.
225
Flagging Procedures
Stopping traffic
using the
STOP/SLOW paddle
226
Flagging Procedures
To let stopped traffic proceed
The flagger faces traffic with the
“SLOW” paddle held in a stationary
position with the arm extended
horizontally away from the body.
The flagger motions with the free
hand for traffic to proceed.
227
Flagging Procedures
To let stopped traffic proceed
using the
STOP/SLOW paddle
228
Flagging Procedures
To alert or slow traffic
The flagger faces traffic with the
“SLOW” sign paddle held
horizontally away from the
body. The flagger motions up
and down with the free hand,
palm down, indicating the
vehicle should slow down.
229
Flagging Procedures
To alert or slow traffic
using the
STOP/SLOW paddle
230
Flagging Procedures
How to signal with a flag
To stop traffic
Flagger faces traffic, extending
flagstaff horizontally across the
traffic lane, holding the flag
stationary. Hold free arm at
shoulder level, with palm facing
approaching traffic.
231
Flagging Procedures
Stopping traffic
Using 24” X 24” Red Flag
232
Flagging Procedures
To let stopped traffic proceed
The flagger stands parallel to traffic
movement with the flag and arm
lowered within clear view of
motorists. Flagger uses the free
hand (NOT the flag) to motion for
traffic to proceed.
233
Flagging Procedures
To let stopped traffic proceed
using 24” X 24” Red Flag
234
Flagging Procedures
To alert or slow traffic
The flagger faces traffic while
moving the flag in a slow
sweeping motion of the extended
arm from shoulder level to
straight down, without raising
arm above shoulder level. Flagger
keeps the free hand down.
235
Flagging Procedures
To alert or slow traffic
using 24” X 24” Red Flag
236
Flagging Procedures
Keep motorists informed as much as
possible without leaving your
position
Don’t lean on vehicle to answer
questions and never engage in small
talk
Be polite and courteous, yet brief and
factual
237
Flagging Procedures
Concentrate on the job
Be visible
Be alert
238
Flagging Positions
Flagging stations must be located
far enough ahead of the problem
area so that approaching traffic
has sufficient distance to stop
before entering the problem
area.
239
Flagging Positions
The distance people need to stop
is related to approach speeds and
condition of the roadway. These
distances may be increased for
down slopes.
240
Flagging Positions
Flagger should stand either on the
shoulder adjacent to the traffic
being controlled or in the
barricaded lane.
Sometimes a position may have to
be taken on the shoulder
opposite the barricaded section
to operate effectively.
241
Flagging Positions
Flaggers should stand in the lane
being used by moving traffic only
after traffic has stopped.
Flaggers must to be visible to
other traffic in order to
communicate with drivers.
242
Flagging Positions
Flaggers should stand alone to
reduce the chance of being
distracted.
Other workers should not be
permitted to congregate near the
flagging station.
243
Flagging Positions
Because of curves, hills and other
roadway conditions, flaggers must be
clearly visible to approaching traffic
at all times.
The flagger must be stationed far
enough ahead of the trouble area to
warn workers of approaching danger.
244
Review: Flagging
What equipment must flaggers wear
during daytime? (Helmet, Vest)
What is the preferred device for
controlling traffic? (Stop/Slow
Paddle)
With respect to flagging methods
and equipment, flagging standards
are found? (MUTC)
245
Chapter Five
Escort Vehicle Operation Safety
and Defensive Driving
• Safety
• Defensive Driving
246
Safety
Hope For The Best
Expect The Worst
Most hazards in escort operations
occur when safe driving practices
are ignored.
247
Safety
The most important criteria for movement
of any load is safety. The safety of the
motoring public, the oversize load and YOU
should be considered in every situation.
Whether driving or flagging, always have
an escape route in mind.
Be aware of traffic around you at all times.
248
Safety
If a car fails to follow your
flagging request, if possible, take
the license number and report
the incident later. Do not stop
flagging in order to accomplish
this.
Never walk behind a stopped
motorist, the driver may back up.
249
Safety
 One of the keys to accident prevention is
being aware of what is going on around
you.
 Be observant of others. Drivers do not
always pay attention, so be attentive to
their actions.
 Drive 15 seconds ahead
250
Safety
Emergency Situation Response:
If a permitted load or escort vehicle
have to stop on the highway because
of an emergency, and traffic is not
flowing properly, warning signals
must be turned on immediately until
warning devices are placed.
251
Safety
Emergency Situation Response:
Warning devices such as reflective
triangles or flares must be in place
within 10 minutes after the load and
escort vehicles have stopped.
252
Safety
WHEN DRIVING
ALWAYS
WEAR YOUR SEATBELT
It’s not only smart,
IT’S THE LAW
253
Safety
Remain alert at all times
It is difficult to remain alert after
driving for long hours or going
without sleep for a long time.
Fatigue is a major contributor to
accidents because performance is
greatly reduced when a driver is
fatigued.
254
Safety
Drivers must not go beyond their own
personal endurance limits.
If drivers continue driving with
inadequate rest, the chances for an
accident go up drastically.
Regular rest stops must be scheduled.
255
Safety
Fatigue is:
A major killer on our roads
A contributing factor in 18% of
fatal crashes.
In rural areas, 30% of crashes
involve at least one fatigued
driver.
256
Safety
Among 18 to 29 year old drivers,
25% surveyed reported dozing
off while at the wheel.
40% of all fatal fatigue crashes
involve people in this age range.
257
Safety
How do you know when you’re too tired to
drive?
A recent study revealed that driving after
being awake for 17 hours means the risk of
an accident is as great as being at the .05
legal drinking limit, AND
Driving after being awake for 24 hours
carries the same risk as having a blood
alcohol content of 0.10--arrest able.
258
Safety
Fatigue produces almost as
many accidents and fatalities
as drinking and driving.
259
Safety
Why does fatigue cause
accidents?
Slower reaction time
Fatigue increases the time it
takes to react during an
emergency.
260
Safety
Reduced vigilance
Fatigued individuals perform
worse on attention-based tasks
such as recognizing oncoming
roadwork, railroad crossings or
other hazards.
261
Safety
Temporary Relief From Fatigue
There is no “stay awake” strategy
proven to consistently increase
alertness to a safe level. Recognize and
acknowledge when you are too tired to
drive.
The only sure way to combat fatigue is
plan ahead: Get a good night’s sleep.
262
Safety
Review: Fatigue
What three ways does fatigue affect driving?
Reduced reaction time, attention span, information
processing ability.
What is the best way to avoid driving while
fatigued?
Plan Ahead, get a good night’s sleep.
What contributes to accidents almost as much as
drinking and driving does?
Fatigue.
263
Safety
Cell Phones and Driving
Statistics are mounting that suggest
distractions from cell phones increase
accidents.
And, the evidence is the act of participation
in a conversation is as dangerous as the
actual use of the phone (dialing, for
example).
264
Safety
Conversations produce
distractions that “suck the life
out of driving concentration,
especially the ability to react
when seconds count.”
(cellphonesafety.org)
265
Safety
Conversations, especially ones
involving high emotions or
complex information, create
larger distractions than listening
to radio or an audio book.
(National Safety Council)
266
Safety
The National Safety Council reports
when subjects were conversing on
cell phones, many were so distracted
they went unaware of traffic signals.
Results of these studies were
unaffected by whether a hand-held or
hands-free device was used.
267
Safety
Recommendation from the
National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration:
Avoid using a cell phone
while driving.
268
Safety
Deadly Distractions
Cell phones-Talking or texting
Prescription Medication
Fatigue
Drinking alcohol
Unlawful drugs
269
Cell Phones and Driving Review
What causes almost as many accidents as drinking
and driving and fatigue? (Cell Phone Use)
Is there any substantial difference between using a
hand-held or a hands-free device? (NO)
How does the use of a cell phone contribute to
accidents?
Reduced reaction time
Reduced vigilance
Reduced information processing
270
Appendices
A. Escort Vehicle Checklist
B. Contact Information
271
CASE STUDY - SCENARIO OF AN
ACCIDENT
Load Before Accident
272
SCENARIO OF AN ACCIDENT
On January 28, 2000, at 5:56
a.m. in Glendale California, a
tractor-combination vehicle,
operated by Mercury Trans. Inc.,
was transporting an oil refinery
condenser unit.
273
SCENARIO OF AN ACCIDENT
The load and escorts missed a
turn in the planned route and
mistakenly crossed over a
railroad crossing.
274
X
Route Taken
Permitted
Route
Collision Site
275
SCENARIO OF AN ACCIDENT
This oversize load had covered
2,100 miles through 4 states,
involved 5 escort companies, 2
permit companies, permit issuing
offices of 4 states, 12
jurisdictions, and had been under
way for 22 days when the
accident occurred.
276
SCENARIO OF AN ACCIDENT
The load was attempting to go
back over the railroad crossing
when it got stuck on the tracks.
277
SCENARIO OF AN ACCIDENT
About 90 seconds later, a
northbound Metrolink commuter
train, operated by the Southern
California Regional Rail
Authority, collided with the load.
278
SCENARIO OF AN ACCIDENT
Amazingly, no one died.
The engineer, conductor, and
four passengers received minor
injuries.
279
SCENARIO OF AN ACCIDENT
Pilot car drivers are not subject to
hours-of-service rules.
At the time of the accident, the lead
pilot car driver had been awake for
27 hours and had been driving and on
duty for 24 consecutive hours.
280
SCENARIO OF AN ACCIDENT
The truck driver and second pilot
car driver had been awake for 22
hours and had been driving and
on duty for 19 consecutive hours.
281
Final Position of Train and Load
282
Load and Train After Collision
283
Locomotive After Collision
284
160’ per mile
285
Cost of the Accident
Locomotive & Cars
Signal & crossing equipment
Load (Towing) Vehicle
$610,000
$14,000
$175,000
Condenser
$1,500,000
TOTAL
$2,299,000
Total in 2007 Dollars
$2,768,000
286
FINDINGS BY NTSB
(National Transportation Safety
Board)
Causes:
Fatigue: 1st Pilot car driver had
been on duty for 24 hours and
awake for 27 hours
2nd Pilot car driver and truck
driver had been on duty for 19
hours and awake for 22 hours
287
FINDINGS BY NTSB
(National Transportation Safety
Board)
Poor Communication
Poor Planning:
22 days to travel 2100 miles
288
FINDINGS BY NTSB
(National Transportation Safety
Board)
Permitting process involved: 4
states, 12 local jurisdictions in
California, 2 permit companies.
Lack of awareness about railroad
crossings
289
Test Review Questions
The following are questions
designed to prepare students for
the certified vehicle escort
operator test.
290
Test Review Questions
How long does certification last?
291
Review - Answer
4 years
292
Test Review Questions
How old must an escort driver
be?
293
Review - Answer
18 years old
294
Test Review Questions
How long does an escort driver
have to notify GDOT if the name
or address changes?
295
Review - Answer
30 day
296
Test Review Questions
How long does an escort driver
have to notify GDOT if his/her
license is revoked, suspended,
canceled or denied?
297
Review - Answer
5 days
298
Test Review Questions
How big does a car used as an
escort vehicle have to be?
299
Review - Answer
2,000 pounds
300
Test Review Questions
How big does a pickup truck used
as an escort vehicle have to be?
301
Review - Answer
1/4 ton
302
Test Review Questions
What are the THREE purposes of
certification?
303
Review - Answer
Safety
Minimize delays in traffic
Standardize the industry
304
Test Review Questions
How many escorts if the load is
12 feet wide or wider, up to 14
feet 8 inches wide?
305
Review - Answer
ONE—in front on two-lanes and
in the rear on multi-lane roads
306
Test Review Questions
How many escorts if the load is
MORE than 14 feet 8 inches wide
and up to and including 16 feet
wide on two-lane roads?
307
Review - Answer
TWO—on two-lane roads
308
Test Review Questions
How many escorts if the load is
MORE than 16 feet wide?
309
Review - Answer
TWO—no matter what kind of
road
310
Test Review Questions
Special conditions exist for
escorting:
311
Review - Answer
manufactured homes, modular
buildings, and houses
312
Test Review Questions
How many escorts if the load is
longer than 125 feet ?
313
Review - Answer
Two—one in front and one in the
rear
314
Test Review Questions
What information must be on both
SIDES of the escort vehicle?
315
Review - Answer
Name of company and/or
owner’s name, the city and state
316
Test Review Questions
What are the size requirements for
the signs on the sides of the
escort vehicle?
317
Review - Answer
Must be readable from 50 feet in
the daylight while the vehicle is
stationary
318
Test Review Questions
What THREE things determine the
distance between the escort and
the load/towing vehicle?
319
Review - Answer
1) To timely warn traffic
2) About 500 feet
3) No more than ½ mile because
of the radio
320
Test Review Questions
What equipment must be in the
escort vehicle at all times?
321
Review - Answer
 Hard hats and vests
 Fire extinguishers
 Height pole
 Stop/Slow Paddle
322
Review - Answer
 OVERSIZE LOAD sign
 Mirrors on both sides
 24” X 24” red flags
 Radio
323
Test Review Questions
How far should LOADS be
separated?
324
Review - Answer
Not less than 2 miles apart
325
Test Review Questions
How far must the warning light be
visible?
326
Review - Answer
500 feet in daylight
327
Test Review Questions
When is it appropriate to hug the
centerline?
328
Review - Answer
When a hazard exists to a motorist
attempting to pass
329
Test Review Questions
What is the FIRST thing to do in an
emergency?
330
Review - Answer
Warn approaching traffic
331
Test Review Questions
What is the FIRST thing to do if a
vehicle is stuck on a railroad
crossing?
332
Review - Answer
Get out of the vehicle
333
Test Review Questions
Where must an escort’s driver’s
license be from?
334
Review - Answer
The state where
he/she lives
335
Test Review Questions
How long does it take a vehicle to
stop on wet pavement?
336
Review - Answer
TWICE as long as on dry
pavement,
in other words,
Stopping Distance is Doubled
337
Test Review Questions
What distance does it take for a
freight train moving at 55 mph to
stop?
338
Review - Answer
1 and ½ miles
(approximately 8,000 feet)
339
Test Review Questions
When Traveling less than 40 miles
an hour on interstate highways,
the pilot/escort driver should:
340
Review - Answer
Turn on Emergency Flashers
341
Test Review Questions
In Georgia, what does daylight
mean?
342
Review - Answer
1/2 hour after sunrise and
1/2 hour before sunset
343
Test Review Questions
Are cell phone hands-free devices
safe to operate while driving?
344
Review - Answer
No
345
Test Review Questions
What is the preferred traffic
control device?
346
Review - Answer
Stop/Slow paddle
347
Test Review Questions
What is the alternate traffic
control device?
348
Review - Answer
24” X 24” red flag
(on a 3-foot staff)
349
Test Review Questions
Under current Georgia law, where
does the OVERSIZE LOAD sign
go?
350
Review - Answer
On the top of the cab or on the
front of the escort vehicle or
towing/load vehicle whichever
comes first, and on the back of
the escort vehicle or load,
whichever is last.
351
Test Review Questions
What THREE things affect where
the flagger should be located?
352
Review - Answer
1) Speed of the traffic
2) Terrain
3) Condition/type of road
surface/pavement
353
Test Review Questions
If traffic is moving at 70 mph, how
far out should the flagging
station be?
354
Review - Answer
600 feet
355
Test Review Questions
Who and what should be near the
flagger?
356
Review - Answer
Nobody
Nothing
357
Test Review Questions
When is it appropriate to flag
traffic through a traffic signal?
358
Review - Answer
Never
359
Test Review Questions
What must the flagger wear?
360
Review - Answer
Hard hat and safety vest
361
Test Review Questions
When the escort and load need to
pass another vehicle, who goes
into the left lane first?
362
Review - Answer
When passing, the escort is the
FIRST out and
the LAST in
363
Test Review Questions
Where can Best Practices
for the escort industry be found?
364
Review - Answer
Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA)
365
Test Review Questions
Loads 15 feet and higher, when
traveling through a larger city
where traffic signals may be
encountered, must have?
366
Review - Answer
a vehicle front escort with a
height sensor
367
Test Review Questions
Where can flagging information be
found?
368
Review - Answer
Manual on Uniform Traffic
Control Devices (MUTCD)
369
Test Review Questions
What THREE parts of the driving
task are negatively affected by
drinking and driving, fatigued
drivers, and using cell phones
while driving?
370
Review - Answer
I. Reduced vigilance
II. Reduced information
processing ability
III.Slower reaction time
371
Test Review Questions
What is the best way to
combat fatigue?
372
Review - Answer
Plan ahead
373
Good Luck!
Be Safe!
374
375
376