~ NAMASTE ~
Greetings to All!
INDIA
DRR Context in India:
Implementation and Monitoring
Presentation Outline
 About India and Objective of Cordaid programme
 DRR efforts by NGOs/Communities and
Government
 Risk Reduction “Monitoring” by community: Risk
assessment tool
 Way forward
India on the World Map
Earthquake,
Oct, 2005
Avalanche Feb
2005
MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005)
Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20 Oct
1991, Chamoli, 23 April 1999
Bhuj, Earthquake, 26
January, 2001
Flood, Assam &
Bihar 2004
Earthquake, Latur, 30
Sept 1993
Floods
July 2005
Bhopal Gas Disaster, Dec
1982
S Cyclone
29 Oct 1999
26
Tsunami
Dec 2004
Tsunami
Dec 2004
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
26
26
Objective of Cordaid CMDRR
programme
 Vulnerable Communities in disaster prone areas are
more resilient to natural hazards, climate change and
conflicts. Their capacity to cope with and adapt to
adverse situations is increased
Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction
in India
NGO/Communities efforts in India
 Identification of Vulnerable
communities & areas prone to
hazards (Andaman Islands, North
Bihar, Rajasthan, Assam, Tamilnadu)
 Undertaking hazard specific Risk
assessment
 Organizing the Community and
formation of Community-based
institutions: Self Help
Groups/Youth Groups/Village
Management Committees
Self Help Group meeting in
action
 Promoting Saving/Credit among the CBO members
 “Savings” are a crucial & immediate support during/post
hazard.
 Government recognizing role of SHGs especially
damage assessment/beneficiary selection post hazard
 Creating linkages of these groups with Government
schemes and institutions such as Banks/Insurance
Companies leading to loan/MF for Livelihood & enterprise
development
 Community groups, individuals, livestock, assets and school
buildings have also been brought under insurance coverage
 Capacitating Communities for Community readiness/Micro
planning:
 Formation of Rescue teams/task forces at village level
 Grain Banks
 High Rise platforms
 Early warning systems
 Hazard mitigation/prevention measures
 SHGs (Self Help Group) have been engaged in advocacy and
accessing Government schemes and resources (Emergency centres,
funds & trainings) contributing to DRR
Risk Assessment to Risk Monitoring
Village Maps
Village Social and resource
map on: 18-09-2009
Village Risk status on 26-022010
Village risk status on
15-03-2011
Village Risk status on 20-072011
Hazard Assessment tool
Years of
Hazard
/Period
Flood & Cyclone Situation
Detail of impact
Losses incurred during various hazards periods
Warning Speed
system
of
Onset
Level of Days when Areas
water water gets covered
logged in
the area
Human Infrastructure/ Land
Houses
Livelihood
Household
materials / psycho
social
Crop
damage
Cooking utensils
Duration
2007
6 ft
8 days
Houses
65-75
Heavy
rains
8
hours
Nil
Fully
damage=12
Partially: 70
130
Are
Paddy:
38 acres
Vegetables
Horticulture
92
Electronic items
2003
4 ft
12
days
Houses159
Heavy
rains
6-7
hours…
15
Fully
damage
=60
Partially:
90
200
Are
Crop
damage
Paddy:118
acres
Vegetables
Horticulture
100
2005
2007
Cooking
utensils
Vulnerability Assessment Tool
Hazard
Profile
Element
at Risk
Describe location of
Element at Risk in
relation to Hazard
Grades
Flood
Houses
20 meters away from
river/embankment
1, 75, 92, 18, 63, 45, 58
High
1, 75, 92
Life
On embankment
6, 13
High
Hand Pump
Low line area
Pump no. 1, 5, 9
High
Medium
Low
58
What need to
Why the
Element at risk
be done to
is in
reduce
that location? vulnerability?
Proximity
to bandh, Their own
land
???
Medium
Summary Assessment
Low lying land
???
Capacity Assessment Tool
Hazard
Prevention
measures
Existing
Required
Gaps
10 Ft band+
Damaged at
two places
12 ft Band
2 ft Height +
Repair/Strengthening
-
De-silting of
canal
De-silting of canal
What need to
be done?
Capacity Assessment Tool
Community
Readiness
Existing
Food
Water
Sanitation
Pre
Hazard
event
Shelter
Early
warning
Mobility
During
Hazard
event
Required
Gaps
What
need to
be done?
Factors that Community is Monitoring
 Human Life: (Vulnerability and capacity)
 Location from Hazard:
 Knowledge
 Skills
 Ability to bounce back
(saving/income/preparedness/insurance)
 Houses/Infrastructure:
 Location
 Capacity to face hazard
 Agriculture/Livelihood:
 Capacity to face hazard
 Location
 Multiple option
 Livestock:
 Location
 Ability to bounce back
 Institutions:
 PRI
 School
 SHGs
 Task forces
Important:
 Reduction in migration
 Food/water/shelter/sanitati
on
Way Forward
 Community Managed disaster risk reduction is yet to be
achieved
 “Community monitoring” needs to be institutionalized.
 Local Governance has to be more pro-active in planning,
implementing and monitoring along with the community.
 “Social Audit”- a way for ensuring accountability and
learning.
Thank You!