School of the Built Environment
EMS National Forum 2007
Advanced workshop A
Strategic EMS: a future governance
and legislative tool
Dr Bridget Durning
Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development (OISD)
Oxford Brookes University
29th November 2007
Bridget Durning – over 18 years experience in the arena of
sustainable development and environmental management. Worked
in environmental consultancy, local government and in higher
education. Currently Senior Research Fellow in OISD at Oxford
Brookes researching and teaching environmental management tools
and processes.
Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development (OISD) undertakes
research on sustainability in built and natural environments at all
scales. It aims to advance knowledge and practice on sustainable
environments by:
• developing concepts, designs, technical and process
approaches;
• informing policy debates nationally and internationally;
• developing an empirical evidence base;
• contributing to enhanced stakeholder participation.
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
What’s this workshop about?
Strategic EMS – a future
governance and legislative tool?
This workshop will look to the future of EMS and whether it could become
a regulated process or a tool of governance. It will explore what are
the drivers that could be leading to this, what form would strategic
EMS take and how could organisations be preparing for it now.
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
How are we going to do it?
• Part 1 (1 hour 15 mins)
• Introduction (5mins)
• Ice-breaker (15mins)
• Presentation (30mins)
• Open discussion (20mins)
• Start group work (15mins)
• Break (30mins)
• Part 2 (1hour 15 mins)
• Continue group work (30mins)
• Feedback and discussion (45mins)
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
But first…a request!
• IEMA are recording notes on discussion for writing up on
outcome of workshop
• As an academic my ‘job’ is to contribute to academic debates so
we will also be producing academic outputs
• All comments made during the workshop will be kept
anonymous but if anyone has any concerns please contact me –
similarly if you are interested in being involved in more detail
e.g. as a case study please also contact me!
(bdurning@brookes.ac.uk)
• Thanks!
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Ice-breaker
• Sit next to someone you don’t know
• In 5 minutes find out:
• What company/organisation they are from
• What their environmental management role is
• How long they have been doing it
• Whether they have had any amusing or unexpected
‘environmental’ experiences!
• You’ll all then be asked to introduce your neighbour in
30seconds
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
What do we mean by strategic EMS?
Strategic level EMS
Operational level EMS
Handle uncertainty,
\ performance measurement,
reach goals
Process measurement, short
term management,
accountability
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
The environment is influential ……..
Lexus ad banned for green claims
Lexus: claimed its RX 400h model had low emissions
compared with other SUVs
A Lexus ad campaign claiming a four-wheel drive sports utility
vehicle was environmentally friendly has been banned by the
advertising watchdog.
The watchdog added that the headline was misleading because
it implied, incorrectly, that the vehicle's emissions were low in
comparison with all vehicles and that therefore the SUV caused
little or no harm to the environment.
It ruled that Lexus could not make such comparisons and
claims of environmental friendliness in future car ads if they
could not be proved.
http://media.guardian.co.uk/advertising/story/0,,2085674,00.html May 2007
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Horizon scanning…..
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Site Waste Management Plans
In April 2007, Defra published a consultation on proposals to introduce site
waste management plans (SWMPs) on a mandatory basis in England
for all construction and demolition projects with a value exceeding
£250k.
They currently exist on a voluntary basis, but only the larger companies
have adopted them.
(Defra 2007a)
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Why have statutory SWMPS?
The Defra consultation said:
•
They will help to push the issue up the management chain and
ensure that senior management takes waste management seriously.
•
The greatest savings are likely to be secured by those projects that
seek to minimise waste at the design stage and then use their SWMP
to consider any residual waste as a resource that might be used again
•
This will raise the profile of waste planning.
•
By requiring construction projects to set targets for the reuse and
recycling of waste produced on site, SWMPs will highlight the
opportunity for minimising waste before this process even begins.
(DEFRA 2007a)
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
And the consultation said….
“75% of respondents supported the introduction of statutory
SWMPs. This view was shared across the board of all
stakeholder types and 58% of the responses from industry were
in favour.”
“There was concern that excluding smaller projects in order to
reduce burdens on businesses would result in those most
responsible for fly-tipping falling outside the SWMP
requirements.”
“Many of the responses emphasised that waste minimisation
should be considered at an early stage in project planning and
design in order to maximise the benefits.”
(Defra 2007b)
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
EIA follow up
Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) - well
established method used
around the globe in the
identification and mitigation
of the impact of developments
on the environment.
It consists of a series of studies
and discussions designed to:
Statutory process but
follow-up is currently
voluntary
School of the Built Environment
identify which legislation is relevant to
the proposals
(screening)
assess the scope of the project
(scoping & consultation)
identify the nature of the existing
environment
(baseline)
obtain stakeholders views on proposals
(consultation)
identify the impacts of the proposals
and predict the likely magnitude and
significance of those impacts on the
environment
(environmental assessment)
allow the formulation of mitigation
measures
(mitigation)
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
EIA follow up (2)
•
•
Follow up increasingly
being carried out – e.g.
Scottish Power, National
Grid (Transco)
Use Environmental
Management Plans purpose of the EMP is to
serve as an operational
manual for implementing
appropriate environmental
controls and monitoring
procedures within the
construction phase of the
proposed development.
Activity
Potential
impacts
Proposed
mitigation
Pipeline
construction
(physical
disruption from
clearance of the
working width,
pipe stores and
temporary
working areas)
Damage to
significant
ecological,
archaeological
sites and
species
Will be avoided by:
re-routing; restriction
of working width;
bore underneath site;
rescue dig for
archaeology; translocate rare plants;
minimise hedgerow
removal and avoid
trees; carefully
reinstate topsoil and
habitat
School of the Built Environment
Broderick, M. and Durning, B. (2006) Environmental impact assessment and
environmental management plans – an example of an integrated process
from the UK. In J.F. Martin-Duque, J.F., Brebbia, C.A. Emmanouloudis, D
and Mander, U. (eds) Geo-Environment and Landscape Evolution II WIT
Transactions Ecology and the Environment Volume 89. WITPress,.
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
EIA and EMS integration
•
Purely theoretical at this
stage
•
Suggested model for
integrating a legislated
(EIA) and non legislated
process (EMS)
•
Requires starting with EMS
at the beginning i.e. at a
strategic stage
Perdicoulis, T. and Durning, B (forthcoming) ‘An alternating
sequence conceptual framework for EIA and EMS integration’.
Journal of Environmental Management and Policy
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Local government decision-making
based on EMS
• Example from Spain – any actions
taken by City Council had to fulfil
the requirements of environmental
policy (Lozano and Valles 2007)
Ohanes, Sierra Nevada (Source: Google images)
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Local government decision-making
based on EMS
• Example from Sweden – managing indirect
environmental impacts – impacts which influence
‘other actors’ prerequisites to perform their
activities’ (Emilsoon and Hjelm 2007)
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Equator principles and International Finance
Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards
• IFC – private arm of World Bank Group
• Adopted by most of large banks and financing
bodies
• Apply to projects over a value of $10million in non
OECD and OECD countries that are not ‘high
income’
• Apply to ‘projects covering expansion or upgrade of
an existing facility, and extend to project finance
advisory activities’ (ERM, undated) as well as new projects
• Link impact assessment (social and environmental),
project design and implementation
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
What they are:
Principle 1: Review and Categorisation
Principle 2: Social and Environmental Assessment
Principle 3: Applicable Social and Environmental
Standards
Principle 4: Action Plan and Management System
Principle 5: Consultation and Disclosure
Principle 6: Grievance Mechanism
Principle 7: Independent Review
Principle 8: Covenants
Principle 9: Independent Monitoring and Reporting
Principle 10: EPFI Reporting
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Principle 4
‘The Action Plan may range from a brief description of routine
mitigation measures to a series of documents (e.g., resettlement
action plan, indigenous peoples plan, emergency preparedness
and response plan, decommissioning plan, etc). The level of
detail and complexity of the Action Plan and the priority of the
identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the
project’s potential impacts and risks. Consistent with
Performance Standard 1, the internal Social and
Environmental Management System will incorporate the
following elements: (i) Social and Environmental Assessment;
(ii) management program; (iii) organisational capacity; (iv)
training; (v) community engagement; (vi) monitoring; and (vii)
reporting.’ (EP website)
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Is the investment greater
than $10 million?
STAGE 1
No
Yes
Equator Principles do apply
Equator Principles do not apply
Is the project located in a nonHigh income country according
to the OECD?
No
Yes
STAGE 2
Host Country Environmental and Social
Standards apply
IFC Performance Standards and Environmental,
Health and Safety Guidelines apply
EHS Guidelines
a)
General EHS Guidelines
b)
Industry Sector Guidelines
Source: Golder Associates
IFC Performance Standards
PS 1 Social and Environmental Assessment and
Management Systems
PS 2 Labour and Working Conditions
PS 3 Pollution Prevention and Abatement
PS 4 Community Health, Safety and Security
PS 5 Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement
PS 6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural
Resource Management
PS 7 Indigenous Peoples
PS 8 Cultural Heritage
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Summary – could these be on the horizon
• Statutory Site Waste Management Plans – one of a
number of building blocks forming a strategic EMS
• EIA follow up becomes a statutory requirement
implemented through a strategic EMS
• EIA-EMS integration is a statutory requirement
• Local Government planning driven by EMS
• Requirement in international law for all developments
above a certain value to have EMS from design
stage
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Open Discussion
• Do you agree with these as possible drivers?
• Have you scanned the horizon and seen any others?
• What do you see are the issues relating to these drivers?
• What are the implications?
• Do you have any concerns about them?
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007
Small group discussions
In groups:
• Based on the presentation and discussion what would be the
most obvious way that having a strategic EMS would become
a statutory requirement in the UK?
• Would one approach be appropriate in all business sectors or
would it be more applicable to some rather than others?
• What would you need to do to prepare for it?
By 4.15 – have a short presentation (can just be chalk-and-talk or
powerpoint if you wish) to feedback. Each group will have 510mins to feedback and then there will be an open discussion.
School of the Built Environment
Dr Bridget Durning IEMA EMS National Forum 29th Nov 2007