1. The basic building blocks of DNA are
A.
B.
C.
D.
Amino acids
Glucose
Nucleotides
fructose
2. Each DNA nucleotide is composed of
three parts. Identify which of the
following is NOT part of a DNA nucleotide.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A glucose sugar
A phosphate group
A nitrogen base
Deoxyribose sugar
3. Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and
Thymine are the four possible
__________ for a DNA nucleotide.
A. pentose (five carbon) sugars
B. phosphate groups
C. nitrogenous bases
4. The nucleotides in a DNA molecule are
arranged in a double strand with bonds
between _______________ forming the
“rungs” that connect the two strands.
A.
B.
C.
D.
pairs of nitrogenous bases
pairs of sugars
pairs of phosphate groups
a sugar molecule and a
phosphate group
5. The bonds between the pair of
nitrogenous bases are
A. stronger covalent bond that keeps
the two strand permanently
attached
B. weaker hydrogen bonds that allow
the two strands to be separated
C. ionic bonds that allow a transfer of
current along the molecule
The two strands
are separated
when DNA is
replicated, as well
as when mRNA
copies are made
for protein
synthesis.
6. Which of the following is a correct about how
the nitrogenous base adenine pairs in a DNA
molecule.
Adenine always pairs with
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
Deoxyribose
Adenine with Thymine
Cytosine with Guanine
7. If one strand of a DNA molecule is
ACATGG, the other strand will be
A.
B.
C.
D.
CTCGAA
TGTACC
GTGCAA
ACATGG
8. If the nitrogenous bases in the DNA of a
species of monkey is 21% adenine, what
would be the percentage of nitrogenous
bases that are guanine?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
58%
42%
29%
21%
10.5%
A=T
If 21% A, also 21% T.
This is 42 % of the nitrogenous bases for this
species.
58% = C + G
Since C = G, 29% G
9. DNA must be accurately replicated each time the
cell is preparing to divide so that each daughter cell
has an identical copy of all of the genetic
information. What characteristic of the DNA’s
structure is most important in allowing it to be
accurately copied.
A. The shape of the deoxyribose sugar
B. The complementary pairing of
nitrogenous bases in the “rungs”
C. The sugar-phosphate backbone
D. The shape of the phosphate
The two strands of the
DNA molecule are
separated as it is
being replicated.
Each strand serves as
a template for the new
strand.
Since A always is
paired with T and C
always paired with G,
it can be accurately
replicated.
10. Which enzyme unwinds the DNA and
separates the two strands during DNA
replication?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Helicase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Catalase
Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix
11. The role of the enzyme DNA
polymerase is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Unwind the DNA double helix
Add complementary nucleotides
Repair the sugar-phosphate backbone
Break the hydrogen bonds between
nucleotides
DNA Polymerase (III) is the enzyme that synthesizes the
new DNA molecule by adding complementary nucleotides.
Complementary nucleotides means that a nucleotide with
the nitrogenous base adenine on the parent strand is paired
with a nucleotide with the nitrogenous base thymine(and
vice versa). Likewise cytosine nucleotides are paired with
guanine nucleotides .
To remember the role of DNA polymerase, recall that a polymer means a chain
of building block pieces. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. So the role of DNA
polymerase is to build the DNA polymer by adding nucleotides.
12. Each gene is the information to build
one protein (or polypeptide chain in a
protein). What are the two steps in
producing the protein?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Replication and Transcription
Replications and Translation
Transcription and Translation
Transcription and Mutation
Translation and Mutation
13. The purpose of transcription is to
A. Produce an mRNA copy of a gene
B. Produce tRNA’s
C. Add the correct amino acids to produce a
protein
D. Assembly the rRNA into the ribosomal
subunits
14. The purpose of translation is to
A. Produce an mRNA copy of the gene
B. Produce tRNA’s
C. Add the correct amino acids to produce a
protein
D. Assembly the rRNA into the ribosomal subunits
15. Which of the following is NOT a
correct difference between DNA and
RNA
A. DNA is composed of 2 strands, RNA is a single
strand
B. DNA is a chain of nucleotides, RNA is a chain of
amino acids
C. DNA uses the nitrogen base thymine, RNA uses
the nitrogen base uracil
D. DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose, RNA uses the
sugar ribose
Both DNA and RNA
are chains of
nucleotides, which
have a sugar, a
phosphate group and
a nitrogenous base.
• Sugar is ribose for
RNA , deoxyribose
for DNA
•Uracil is used in
place of Thymine as
nitrogenous base that
pairs with Adenine
•DNA is a double
helix (2 strands),
while RNA is a singlestranded copy.
16. If the DNA sequence for a gene being
transcribed is ATGCTA, the mRNA that is
produced will have the sequence
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
TACGAT
AUCGUA
UACGAU
UAGCUA
TAGCAT
ATCGTA
1.C
2.A
3.C
4.A
5.B
6.B
7.B
8.C
9.B
10.A
11.B
12.C
13.A
14.C
15. B
16. C