Kingdom: Animals
Complex Eukaryotes
Domain
Bacteria
AP Biology
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
2007-2008
Common ancestor
Animal Characteristics
 __________________________

must ingest others for nutrients
 __________________________

complex bodies
 __________________________

allows active movement
 __________________________
AP Biology
Animal Evolution
sponges
jellyfish
flatworms
roundworms mollusks segmented
worms
insects
spiders
segmented body
separate digestive system
left-right symmetry
tissues
many-celled
AP Biology
Ancestral Protist
starfish
vertebrates
internal skeleton
Invertebrate: Sponges
food taken into each
 __________________________ cell separately
no organized tissues
or organs
 food goes in & waste
comes out same opening

AP Biology
Invertebrate: Jellyfish
 __________________________
tissues, but no organs
 two cell layers
 predators

 tentacles surround
mouth opening
 digested material
absorbed into cells
AP Biology
Invertebrate: Flatworms
 __________________________
tapeworm, planaria
 mostly parasitic
 digestive tube

 now have separate
mouth & anus
tapeworm
AP Biology
Invertebrate: Roundworms
 __________________________

digestive tube
 have separate mouth & anus

many are parasitic
 hookworm
AP Biology
Invertebrate: Mollusks
 __________________________
clams, snails, squid
 soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells
 digestive tube

AP Biology
Invertebrate: Segmented worms
 __________________________
earthworms, leeches
 segments are all the same
 digestive tube

fan worm
AP Biology
leech
Invertebrate: Arthropods
 __________________________
most successful animal group
 segmented

 allows jointed legs & arms

AP Biology
exoskeleton
Arthropod groups
arachnids
8 legs, 2 body parts
spiders, ticks, scorpions
crustaceans
gills, 2 pairs antennae
crab, lobster, barnacles,
shrmp
AP Biology
insects
6 legs, 3 body parts
Invertebrate: Starfish
 __________________________
radial symmetry
 spiny exoskeleton

AP Biology
Vertebrates
 __________________________
____________________________________
 ____________________________________

becomes brain
& spinal cord
 backbone
 skull-encased brain
Oh, look…
your first
baby picture!
AP Biology
becomes gills or
Eustachian tube
becomes tail
or tailbone
becomes
vertebrae
450 mya
salmon, trout, sharks
Vertebrates: Fish
 Characteristics

gills
body structure
 bony skeleton
 jaws & paired fins
 scales

body function
 breathe with gills
 two-chambered heart
 cold-blooded

reproduction
 external fertilization
 external development in
aquatic egg
AP Biology
body
350 mya
frogs
salamanders
toads
Vertebrates: Amphibian
 Characteristics

body structure
 legs (walk on land)
 moist skin

lung
buccal
cavity
glottis
closed
body function
 breathe with lungs & through skin
 three-chambered heart
 cold-blooded

reproduction
 external fertilization
 external development in aquatic egg
 metamorphosis (tadpole to adult)
AP Biology
250 mya
dinosaurs, turtles
lizards, snakes
alligators, crocodile
Vertebrates: Reptiles
 Characteristics

body structure
 dry skin, scales, armor (shells)

body function
 breathe with lungs
 three-chambered heart
 cold-blooded

reproduction
 internal fertilization
 external development in
leathery embryo
shell
amnion
hard-shelled egg
chorion
AP Biology
allantois
yolk sac
150 mya
finches, hawk
ostrich, turkey
Vertebrates: Birds
 Characteristics

body structure
 feathers & wings
 thin, hollow bone;
flight skeleton

body function
 very efficient lungs & air sacs
 four-chambered heart
 warm-blooded

reproduction
 internal fertilization
 external development in
hard-shelled egg
AP Biology
trachea
lung
anterior
air sacs
posterior
air sacs
220 mya / 65 mya
Vertebrates: Mammals
 Characteristics

body structure
 hair
 specialized teeth

body function
muscles
contract
 breathe with lungs, diaphragm
 four-chambered heart
 warm-blooded

reproduction
 internal fertilization
 internal development in uterus
 nourishment through placenta
 birth live young
 mammary glands make milk
AP Biology
mice, ferret
elephants, bats
whales, humans
diaphragm
contracts
That’s
the buzz…
Any
Questions?
AP Biology
2007-2008