November
A
word that is the opposite of another word
 These
describe something which can be
measured and compared with something
else.



fast and slow
small and big
hot and cold
 Here
there is no comparison or scale; it is
a matter of being either one thing or
another.



alive and dead
single and married
male and female
 These



antonyms depend on each other.
buy and sell
borrow and lend
wife and husband
 Identify
the following antonyms as gradable,
complementary, or converse:
above and below
 absent and present
 clean and dirty
 clever and stupid
 doctor and patient
 dry and wet
 give and receive
 on and off
 right and wrong

A
word to which prefixes and suffixes can be
added to form different words
arch
chief;
archetype
primary; first
bio
life
biology
gen
birth
generate
manu
hand
manual
path
feeling
empathy
proto
first
prototype
sect
cut
dissect
vac
empty
vacant
 Groups
of letters after a word used to modify
its meaning or change it into a different part
of speech
able, ible
ac, ic
acious,
icious
capable of
portable - able to
be carried, legible able to be read
like,
cardiac - pertaining
pertaining to to the heart,
aquatic - pertaining
to the water
full of
audacious - full of
daring, avaricious full of greed
ant, ent
ary
ate
full of
eloquent pertaining to
fluid, effective
speech
like, connected dictionary - book
with
connected with
words
to make
consecrate to
make holy
eer, er, or
ism
person who censor person
who deletes
improper remarks
doctrine,
monotheism belief
belief
in one god
osis
condition
tude
state of
hypnosis
condition of
induced sleep
certitude state of
sureness
 Information
from the reading that identifies
or defines a word or group of words

The professor was a favorite among the students
at the college. His sagacity was helpful to them
as they pursued their degrees. The professor was
known to use his experience, insight, and
common sense to help students pursue their
education.
Using the example clue, the word sagacity in
this sentence means
silliness
thoughtlessness
wisdom
negligence
 Katie
appeared infallible in math class
because she had never gotten a problem
wrong.
Using the explanation clue, the word
infallible in this sentence means
never wrong
mistaken
wrong
incorrect
 The
man was sent to the penitentiary, or
prison, for stealing cars.
Using the synonym clue, the word
penitentiary in this sentence means
paradise
hotel
prison
heaven
 While
Lily was careful not to be seen as
she peeked out the window, Phil was not
as cautious and was seen!
Using the antonym clue, the word
cautious in this sentence means
careful
not careful
risky
trouble
 The
mother was determined to prove her
son's innocence; the father was resolute
as well.
Using the comparison clue, the word
resolute in this sentence means
wavering
determined
not determined
unsure
 After
being ill and unable to eat for three
days, Beverly had a voracious appetite.
Using the contrast clue, the word
voracious in this sentence means
satisfied
quenched
small
big
 Write
a sentence using each of the methods
of context clues






Example
Explanation
Synonym
Antonym
Comparison
Contrast
 Language
that cannot be taken literally since
it was written to create a special effect or
feeling
 Tools
used by an author to enliven and
provide voice to the writing

Metaphor and simile.

Rhythm and meter.

Personification.

Rhyme.

Symbolism.

Assonance.

Irony.

Alliteration.

Hyperbole

Repetition.

Onomatopoeia.
A
comparison of two unlike things using, like,
as or resembles

As alike as two peas in a pod
As annoying as nails
scratching against a
chalkboard.
As bald as a baby's backside
As big as a bus
As blind as a bat
As bold as brass
As brave as a lion
As bright as the sun
As busy as a beaver
As busy as a bee
As busy as a cat on a hot tin
roof
As clean as a whistle

As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
dry as a bone
dry as dust
dull as dishwater
easy as A.B.C.
easy as pie
fit as a fiddle
flat as a pancake
hairy as an ape
happy as a clown
hard as nails
hard as rock
cold as ice
cool as a cucumber
crazy as a loon
cunning as a fox
cute as a button
What happens to a dream deferred?
Does it dry up
like a raisin in the sun?
Or fester like a soreAnd then run?
Does it stink like rotten meat?
Or crust and sugar overlike a syrupy sweet?
Maybe it just sags
like a heavy load.
Or does it explode?
 “Jimmy
Smith was moving through the
room like an enormous trained mole
collecting the empty cans.” Suttree by
Cormac McCarthy.
 “Elderly American ladies leaning on their
canes listed toward me like towers of
Pisa.” Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov.
 “Lithe brown arms encircled him like a
legion of snakes.” The Sea-Hawk by
Rafael Sabatini.
1. pearls as big as
6. The class was wild like
2. The kids are as busy as
a/n
7. He was big like
3. The light is as bright as
4. skin as smooth as
5. rocks sharp as
8. The fish was small as
9. I am hungry like a
10. Her face was round as
Her teeth are pearls.
 "The fog comes in on little cat feet"
 "Men's words are bullets, that their enemies take
up and make use of against them."
 "A man may break a word with you, sir, and
words are but wind.“
 "The rain came down in long knitting needles.“
 "Memory is a crazy woman that hoards colored
rags and throws away food."

 Autumn
is a season of dust. Into the dust
crumble memories of powerful ocean
tides hitting a sea of sand, early morning
walks on a white crescent of beach, and
sun scorched hills where the beauty of
the summer slowly unfolds. But autumn,
too, will bring her own memories. The
foliage is a painting come to life and the
music of the falling leaves will serenade
us into winter.
 "Summer
Grass" by Carl Sandburg
Summer grass aches and whispers
It wants something: it calls and sings; it pours
out wishes to the overhead stars.
The rain hears; the rain answers; the rain is slow
coming; the rain wets the face of the grass.

Underline the non-human thing and circle the human quality.
1. The winter wrapped its icy claws around Northeast Pennsylvania.
2. The alarm clock screeched that it was time to get up.
3. Fear grabbed me as I heard footsteps behind me.
4. The washer sputtered and groaned as it removed the mud from the knees of my old
jeans.
5. The printer spit out more copies than I needed.
6. The branches of the tree pointed to the old dirt road.
7. The flood waters swallowed the trees in one big gulp.
8. The stars winked at us from the night sky.
9. Listening to the piano sing its happy tune made me want to dance.
10. That carrot cake with the cream cheese icing is calling my name.
 "Fly
away, my fine feathered friend!"
 1.
The two turtles...
 2.
A horrible house...
 3.
The dirty dog...

Idiom
Actual Meaning

Cross that bridge when you come
problems
to it.
happen.
until they actually

hit the hay
go to bed

raining cats and dogs
raining hard

on cloud nine
very happy; joyous

once in a blue moon
often
almost never; not very
Don't worry about
1. If you don't hand in your report, you will miss the boat for an "A".
2. Tomorrow is Jack's surprise party, so don't let the cat out of the bag when you see
him.
3. When Erin didn't do her homework and failed the quiz, her mom hit the roof.
4. Joe is down in the dumps since his friend moved away.
5. Mary wasn't paying attention and seemed out in left field when the teacher called on
her.
6. George said I would lose, but since I didn't, he will have to eat his words.
7. You shouldn't spend an arm and a leg on a foolish video game!
8. He went out on a limb and asked the principal if he could miss class to go to the
party.
9. All I said was I didn't feel like doing my work and the teacher jumped down my
throat.
10. When Sara didn't turn in her project, her "A" went down the drain.
 The
use of words whose sounds express or
suggest their meaning
achoo
ahem
baa
bah
bam
bang
bark
bash
cluck
fizz
bonk
boo
boom
bubble
bump
buzz
chatter
cheep
chirp
clang
 (verb)
To make an overstatement or stretch
the truth
 Factual
Statement:
Aesop Elementary School had many items in
its lost and found box.

 Exaggeration:
“The place looked magical—almost like
Aladdin’s cave. Instead of heaps of gold and
mountains of jewels, however, there were
heaps of snow boots and mountains of bean
bag animals.”

 Factual

Statement
Dana, a student at Wayside School, had beautiful
eyes.
 Exaggeration:

“And if she had a hundred eyes, all over her face
and her arms and her feet, why, she would have
been the most beautiful creature in the world.”
The Crucible: Betty's illness. People
immediately start leaping to witchcraft the
second one girl in town starts acting a little
strange? Once the witch card is thrown,
everyone seems to lose all reason.
My Dad is tougher than your dad.
He wrestles alligators every morning just to get his heart
pumping.
Instead of eating toast and coffee for breakfast, he eats the
toaster and the coffeemaker.
He doesn't drive to work, he runs to work--ten miles a day.
When he gets home from work he relaxes in a hot bath of
boiling water.
He prefers chewing nails to chewing gum.
And when he sees someone for the first time, he says "Hello,
nice to meet you," so loud and fearsome people run away
and hide.
My dad is tougher than your dad.
--Bruce Lansky
 An
exaggeration or overstatement
"she broke a chisel trying to get it off last night!"
 "Marilyn Manson freaked out when he saw her!"
 "when she takes it off, my mom doesn't
recognize her." Ashley, from Knoxville,
Tennessee
 "when she smiles, cracks the size of the Grand
Canyon form in the surface."
 "when she takes it off she loses 30 pounds!"
 "she could pass as a clown at the circus."
 "you could scrape off just the outer layer and
put it on five other girls."

 These
books weigh a ton. (These books
are heavy.)
 I could sleep for a year. (I could sleep for
a long time.)
 He beat him into a pulp. (He beat him up
very harshly.)
 I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse. (I'm
very hungry)
 I'm doing a million things right now. (I'm
busy.)
 My
teacher is so old…
 Our new house is so big…
 That movie was so boring…
 Her hair was so long…
 His muscles were so big…
 The
book was funny.
 Paige Turner liked being a librarian.
 Mr. Jupiter enjoyed reading to his
students.
 Mrs. Gorf was a mean teacher.
 Myron was a good class president.
 An
implied or indirect reference in literature
to a familiar person, place, or event




"As the cave's roof collapsed, he was swallowed up in the
dust like Jonah, and only his frantic scrabbling behind a
wall of rock indicated that there was anyone still alive".
"Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge,
but she seldom purchased anything except the bare
necessities".
"Like the prodigal son, he returned to his home town and
was welcomed by all who knew him".
"Marty's presence at the dance was definitely a 'Catch 22'
situation; if he talked to Cindy she'd be mad at him, but if
he ignored her there'd be hell to pay. His anger bubbled to
the surface. He realized that by coming to the dance he
had brought his problems with him like a Trojan Horse, and
he could only hope he would be able to keep them bottled
up".

Hamlet was a character from Shakespeare who had a difficulty making a decision.

Falstaff was another of Shakespeare's characters who was a large jovial man with a
keen wit.

The Three Stooges were a comedy team of not-too-bright buffoons.

Benedict Arnold was an American traitor.

The 'cowardly lion' from the Wizard of Oz was a coward.

Judas betrayed Jesus.

Mother Teresa was a nun who selflessly devoted her life to caring for the poor and
sick.
Don Quixote was a fictional hero; a dreamer who was always going on quests to try
to accomplish impossible tasks.


Your assignment is to write a few sentences or a short paragraph (or poem) that
contain an allusion to three of the characters above.