Terrorism for Patrol and
Investigators
1
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Terrorism for Patrol &
Investigators
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2
Bases of Terrorism: Background &
History
Intelligence Based Policing for Patrol
Ordnance
Stop and Approach Tactics
Homeland Security: Contact &
Cooperation
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Gateway Class
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3
Tactical Entry and
Arrest Procedures
for Counter-Terrorist
Operations – 5 day
Critical Incident
Response to
Violence and
Terrorist Activities in
Schools – 2 day
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UNCLASSIFIED
Critical Incident
Management TTT –
10 day
Critical Incident
Management –
Command Post – 3
day
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Gateway Class (cont.)
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4
Vehicle Interception
Procedures, Extraction
and Restraint – 5 day
(2)
SWAT Operations Basic
Skills – 5 day (2)
Detection and
Investigation of
Fraudulent Documents
– 3 day (3)
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Informant
Development – 2
day (4)
Law Enforcement
themed exercises
(Topoff 05)
PPE Training
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Bases of Terrorism:
Background and History
5
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Key Concepts
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6
Past Behavior is the best predictor of
future behavior
Weakest point is the planning phase
Prevention of terrorism REQUIRES the
intelligence function
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
What Is Terrorism?
FBI Definition
The unlawful use of force or violence against persons
or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the
civilian population, or any segment thereof, in
furtherance of political or social objectives
But most importantly: It is a technique,
7
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
The Spectrum of Conflict
Civil Disturbances
Global National War
Law Enforcement
Military
Terrorism
8
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
The Objective
Scare people so that they
do what terrorists want!
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Why and How Is Modern Terrorism
Different From Historical Terrorism?
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Transportation
Weapons technology
Population density
Communications
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
What Types of Laws Do
Terrorists Violate?
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11
Bombing
Weapons
possession/usage
Arson
Burglary
Vehicle theft
Other thefts of all kinds
Fraud
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Money laundering
Vandalism
Murder/assault/battery
Extortion
Kidnapping
Airline hijacking
Assorted interstate
violations
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
What Threats Do Terrorists
Present to Law Enforcement?
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Direct physical threats
Civil action
Character assassination
Public distrust
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Forms of Terrorism
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Domestic and International
Domestic Incidents within the U.S. (2003)
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Right Wing
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Left Wing
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2003 74 incidents, ~ 60 million in damages, bombs and
incendiary devices used
Religious Fundamentalism
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None indicated (though links with special interests)
Special Interest/Single Issue
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1 incident (Terre Haute Holocaust Museum)
2 significant incidents (all abortion related)
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Excellent Web Sites
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http://www.tkb.org/Home.jsp
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http://www.fbi.gov/terrorinfo/terrorism.htm
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Jewish Anti-Defamation League
http://www.splcenter.org
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Department of Homeland Security
http://www.adl.org/
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FBI Terrorism Webpage
http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/
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Terrorism Knowledge Base
Southern Poverty Law Center
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Domestic Terrorist
Extremist Groups
Activities and Trends
15
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Suppliers
of sheets
for KKK
16
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Domestic—Left-Wing
Philosophy
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17
Vietnam War era groups pretty well
eliminated
Today – primarily Anarchists
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Anarchist Yellow Pages
Your Guide to Anarchists and Troublemakers
Around the Globe

Creating Local Autonomy and Solidarity in Hartford
(CLASH)
CLASH, C/O AFSC, 56 Arbor St., 2nd floor
Hartford, Connecticut 06106
USA, North America Tel: 860-416-4575 Fax: ---URL:
http://clash.8m.net
Email: hartfordclash at yahoo.com Category: Anarchist Group
Small group of anti-authoritarian activists based in the Hartford
area, formed for the purpose of disseminating propaganda on
anti-authoritarian organizing, and promoting direct action and
direct democracy.

Last updated: 15.10.2004
http://ayp.subvert.info/index.php
18
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Domestic—Right-Wing
Philosophy
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19
Some groups oppose the U.S.
government
Some believe government has been
taken over
Some believe they are the government
Some are driven by religious beliefs
Some seek a strong Nazi/fascist
government
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Nazis in the News

Neo-Nazi pushes alliance with al Qaeda
CNN
Published on March 29, 2005
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20
A couple of hours up the road from where some September 11
hijackers learned to fly, the new head of Aryan Nation is praising them
-- and trying to create an unholy alliance between his white
supremacist group and al Qaeda. "You say they're terrorists, I say
they're freedom fighters. And I want to instill the same jihadic feeling
in our peoples' heart, in the Aryan race, that they have for their father,
who they call Allah."
With his long beard and potbelly, August Kreis looks more like a
washed up member of ZZ Top than an aspiring revolutionary.
Don't let appearances fool you: his résumé includes stops at some of
America's nastiest extremist groups -- Posse Comitatus, the Ku Klux
Klan and Aryan Nation.
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Nazis in the News
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Eleven indicted in huge weapons bust
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The daughter of a Godfrey man at the center of what authorities called the
largest weapons seizure in Southern Illinois history said her father only made
machine guns for shooting at paper targets, and that racist material found in his
home had been collected as a joke. Laura Brown, 25, and her father, Randal L.
Brown, 53, were among 11 people indicted last week by a federal grand jury on
charges of illegal possession of machine guns and explosives. ...
The seized weapons include AK-47s, Uzis, and World War II-era automatic
weapons, including .45-caliber Thompsons and belt-fed German machine guns.
Authorities also confiscated Nazi memorabilia, targets alleged to have been
given "blackfaces," and fliers touting the National Alliance, a white supremacist
group, from [Randal] Brown's home in the 5200 block of Black Oak Lane. One
poster depicted Adolf Hitler with the caption, "When I come back, no more Mr.
Nice Guy."
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21
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Published on March 30, 2005
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Antigovernment
Posse Comitatus
 Common Law Courts
 Sovereign Citizens
• Militias
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UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Anti-government
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Often spouting mistaken interpretations of early American
history to justify their actions, Militia members are united in
their obsession with "protecting" Americans' Constitutional
rights, which they claim the Federal government has trampled
"Common law court" adherents declare themselves exempt from
the laws of the United States. Using pseudo-legal theories based
on selective and often bizarre interpretations of the Bible, the
Magna Carta, state and Federal court decisions, and the U.S.
and state constitutions, these activists present a serious threat
to the rule of law by using phony liens, money orders and
documents in an attempt to defy the authority of legitimate
courts.
William Potter Gale created an Identity group named Posse
Comitatus, which means "power of the county" in Latin.
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Militias
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Newly invigorated
Views war on terrorism as directed at
themselves
Consider anti-terrorism measures such
as “Patriot Act” merely as a prelude to
mass gun confiscation and martial law
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Religious-Oriented Extremists
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Christian Identity – 31
Groups (2003)
Church of Jesus Christ
Christian
Phineas Priesthood
Odinism
• World Church of
the Creator
25
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Christian Identity
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Asserts whites, not Jews are true Israelites favored by
God
Jews biologically descended from Satan, other races are
mud people
Derived from 19th century English fad which asserted
European whites were descended from 10 lost tribes in
Bible
Transformed in 20th century by racist preachers in U.S.
Christ will not return to Earth until globe is swept clean
of Jews and other “Satanic Influences”
Agnosticism and racist neo-paganism reducing influence
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
James Wickstrom, “Religious”
Leader for Christian Identity
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I'd like to see these Jews all be brought to the VA [Veterans
Administration hospital] and wooden chairs be put down on the
lawn. Tie the Jews in. Bring these veterans down who have
been mutilated, physically mutilated, their lives ruined without
the opportunity of a family or children, and give them baseball
bats and let them beat these Jews to death! Every one of
them!" he bellows.
"Take these chairs and Jews after they're beaten to death,
throw 'em in the wood chipper! And from the wood chipper let
the remains go into a big incinerary truck, which is right behind
the wood chipper, and give them the holocaust they rightly
deserve!"
"Even the women and children?" he's asked by his interviewer.
"Take 'em all," he snarls. "Take 'em all and let none remain!"
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
From a C.I. website

Kingdom Identity Ministries is a Politically Incorrect
Christian Identity outreach ministry to God's chosen
race (true Israel, the White, European peoples). We
proclaim the Gospel of the Kingdom (government
according to God's Law) through books, tracts, tapes,
videos, the American Institute of Theology Bible
Correspondence Course, our international Herald of
Truth Radio Broadcasts, a Prison Ministry, Biblical
Counseling, Seminars, and other means. The Elect
Remnant, Christian Patriots, Nationalists,
Reconstructionists, Racialists, and all seeking a higher
level of understanding will learn Biblical solutions to
personal and national problems, and be given keys to
unlock hidden truth.
http://www.kingidentity.com/index.html
28
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Racist/Hate
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29
Ku Klux Klan (KKK) - 158 groups
(Waterbury, Aryan Nations Knight of KKK)
Neo-Nazis - 149 groups (1 CT Bridgeport White
Revolution)
 Aryan Nations/National Alliance – LA 1999 Buford
Furrow
Skinheads - 39 Groups (1 CT Stratford CT White Wolves)
Black Separatist - 136 4 in CT (2 Hart.)
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
KKK
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30
Started during Reconstruction as a method to
intimidate blacks and whites who support them
First era of KKK disbanded after rise of Jim Crow laws
Second era 1920, anti-catholic and anti- jew due to
immigration, claimed 5 million member, huge rallies
in D.C.
Third era was during 1960s in response to civil rights
laws, murders, bombing, lynchings
Much weakened since 1970s due to internal conflicts,
court cases, government infiltration. 5,500 to 6,000
members, often warring against each other
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Neo Nazis
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31
Neo-Nazi groups share a hatred for Jews and a love for Adolf Hitler and Nazi
Germany.
While they also hate other minorities, homosexuals and even sometimes
Christians, they perceive "the Jew" as their cardinal enemy, and trace social
problems to a Jewish conspiracy that supposedly controls governments, financial
institutions and the media.
While some neo-Nazi groups emphasize simple hatred, others are more focused
on the revolutionary creation of a fascist political state.
American neo-Nazi groups, protected by the First Amendment, often publish
material and host Internet sites that are aimed at European audiences -materials that would be illegal under European anti-racism laws. Similarly, many
European groups put up their Internet sites on American servers to avoid
prosecution under the laws of their native countries.
The most important neo-Nazi group in the U.S. is the National Alliance. Until his
death, it was led by William Pierce, the infamous author of the futuristic racewar novel The Turner Diaries, a book believed by some to have served as the
blueprint for the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Racist Skinheads
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32
A particularly violent element of the white supremacist movement, and
have often been referred to as the "shock troops" of the hoped-for
revolution
Shaved head, black Doc Martens boots, jeans with suspenders and an
array of typically racist tattoos
Began in the industrial cities of 1960s Britain as a working class
movement strongly marked by contempt for hippies and middle-class
youth
Originally embraced Afro-Caribbean music and were of different races
Movement split between racist and antiracist elements — a split that
has endured to the present day, both in Britain and in the United
States, where Skins arrived in the early 1980s
Racist Skins are referred to by their enemies as "boneheads."
Antiracist Skins are often referred to as SHARPS, a reference to a now
essentially defunct group known as Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice
Racist Skinheads in the U.S., like those in other countries, often operate
in small "crews" that move from city to city with some regularity
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Black Separatists
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Black separatists typically oppose
integration and racial intermarriage, and
they want separate institutions -- or
even a separate nation -- for blacks.
Most forms of black separatism are
strongly anti-white and anti-Semitic,
and a number of religious versions
assert that blacks -- not Jews -- are the
Biblical "chosen people" of God.
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Special-Interest/Single-Issue
Terrorism
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Most common areas
of concern are
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34
Environmental
Animal rights
Antigenetic
engineering
Antiabortion
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Earth Liberation Front
Earth First! is a verb, not a noun. In order to be an
environmental movement, you've got to move! So
get up and do something for the Earth! There are
no "50 simple ways to save the planet." There are
innumerable very difficult ways. Recycling and
"setting a good example" don't cut it when you are
the last generation with any chance of
implementing a human-engineered cure. Direct
Action means personal, focused effort on the front
lines in the war against the Earth. Earth First! is
defined by its actions, the purpose of which are to:
HALT THE DESTRUCTION,RAISE THE STAKES,
GARNER MEDIA, STRENGTHEN RESOLVE
www.earthfirstjournal.org
35
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Animal Liberation Front
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36
The ALF guidelines are:
1. TO liberate animals from places of abuse,
i.e. laboratories, factory farms, fur farms, etc,
and place them in good homes where they may
live out their natural lives, free from suffering.
2. TO inflict economic damage to those who
profit from the misery and exploitation of
animals.
3. TO reveal the horror and atrocities
committed against animals behind locked
doors, by performing non-violent direct actions
and liberations.
4. TO take all necessary precautions against
harming any animal, human and non-human.
Analyze the ramifications of any proposed
action. Never apply generalizations when
specific information is available
http://www.animalliberationfront.com/
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Other Domestic Terrorism
Issues
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Cyberterrorism
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Narcoterrorism
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37
Term used to refer to
almost any attack on or
using a computer
A narcotics conspiracy that uses extreme
force and violence against a government or
population in order to enable it to function
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
International Terrorist/
Extremist Groups
38
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Foreign Terrorist Organizations
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39
36 currently listed by State Department
20 are Islamic
14 are “Insurgency”/Revolutionary
1 is Jewish
1 is Apocalyptic
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
International Terrorist
Incidents - 2003
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40
208 International Terrorist Incident (198 in
2002, 355 in 2001)
625 people killed, 725 killed in 2002 (35 U.S.
in Kuwait, Columbia, Philippines, Israel - 16,
Saudi Arabia - 9, Iraq - 5, Afghanistan - 2)
3,646 wounded, 2,013 wounded in 2002
Does not include Iraq attacks on Coalition
Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
THE TERRORIST POLYGON
OPERATIONAL
SUCCESS
ORGANIZATION
IDEOLOGY
41
Any viable terrorist group rests on three pillars
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Al-Qa‘ida’s Polygon of
Power
11 SEPTEMBER
2001
VALIDATION
SALAFI
THEOLOGY
42
RECRUITS
UNCLASSIFIED
AL`QAIDA
NETWORK
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Al-Qa‘ida’s Polygon of
Power
OPERATIONAL
SUCCESS
Destroying one
of its pillars
eliminates the
threat
IDEOLOGY
43
RECRUITS
UNCLASSIFIED
ORGANIZATION
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Al-Qa‘ida’s Polygon of Power
COUNTERMEASURES
HARDEN
TARGETS
HARDEN
BORDERS
IC + LE
ABILITY
TO
INTERDICT
HARD
INSTRUMENTS
OPS
SUCCESS
SOFT INSTRUMENTS
DIPLOMACY
ECONOMIC
& OTHER
DVLPMNT
AID
INTEL
PSY OPS
SPECIAL
OPS
MILITARY
U.S. POLICY
IDEOLOGY
UN, OIC
ORGANIZATION
NGO’S
&
PRIVATE
SECTOR
MULTILATERAL / NONGOVERNMENT
44
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Operational Success Very
Difficult to Deny
• 1995 SANG HDQRS RIYADH
• 1998 US EMBASSIES EAST AFRICA
• 2000 USS COLE YEMEN
• 2001 US WT CENTER/PENTAGON
• 2002 DJERBA SYNAGOGUE TUNISIA
• BALI NIGHTCLUBS INDONESIA
• MOMBASSA RESORT KENYA
•2003 RESIDENTIAL COMPOUNDS RIYADH
• MULTIPLE TARGETS CASABLANCA
• MARRIOTT DOWNTOWN JAKARTA
• MULTIPLE TARGETS ISTANBUL
•2004 ANTI-COALITION INSURGENCY IRAQ
• MADRID COMMUTER TRAINS
• AL-KHOBAR OFFICES & RESIDENCES
• AUSTRALIAN EMBASSY JAKARTA
IDEOLOGY
45
ORGANIZATION
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
“Al-Qa‘ida” now is a
distributed network
OPERATIONAL
SUCCESS
IDEOLOGY
RECRUITS
ORGANIZATION
Qa‘idat al-Jihad (The Base)
46
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
THE THREAT
The Ideological
Dimension
47
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
The Pillar of Ideology
“Their foundation is al-Tawhid [the belief in
the oneness of God], their doctrine is Sunni
Salafi, their path is jihad, and their hope on
earth is the establishment of the religion [of
Islam] in the heavens to win the pleasure of
the God of the worlds, and an ending in
Paradise.”
From Statement announcing the merger of
Abu Dajana al-Iraqi’s al-Jama`a as-Salafiyya al-Mujahida
with Abu Mus`ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama`at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad,
17 May 2004
48
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
The Pillar of Ideology
Idiosyncratic
Interpretation of
Religious Scripture
Violent Jihad: Use of
coercive means
against sanctioned
adversaries
SALAFI
THEOLOGY
49
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Salafi Theology

Provides doctrinal underpinnings for all radical jihadi groups.
salaf = ancestors
Who are the Salaf al-Salih. . . . The Righteous Ancestors?
The Prophet Muhammad and his Companions, including the first
four Caliphs who succeeded him.
Relevant Time Period: 610 – 661 a.d.
The only acceptable sources of religion are the Koran, and the
words and conduct [Sunna] of the Prophet and his Companions
Rejection of last 13 centuries of evolution in Muslim thought
A Salafi: One who adheres to the Koran and the Sunna as
understood and practiced collectively by the Righteous Ancestors
Literal interpretation of the Koran, and strict observance of rituals
Rejection of rulings and methods of traditional schools of law
50
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
The 4 Major Schools of Islamic Law
Mainstream Sunni Islam recognizes 4 schools of jurisprudence
•The Maliki school - founded by Malik Bin Anas (714-798) in Medina,
produced the first law manual. Predominant in
Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Kuwait, Bahrain, Sudan, Upper Egypt, West Africa
•The Hanafi school - founded by Abu Hanifa Nu’man bin Thabit (699-767)
in Iraq, introduced legal opinion based on analogy. Predominant in
Turkey, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Southeast Asia, China, India, and Central Asia
•The Shafi`i school - founded by Muhammad bin Idris al-Shafi`i (767-820),
focused on the scientific interpretation of the law. Predominant in
Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, India, East Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia, Palestinians
•The Hanbali school - founded by Ahmad bin Hanbal (780-855), highly
conservative, rejects consensus (ijma`) in favor of strict interpretation of the
Koran and the Sunna. Predominant in
Saudi Arabia, Qatar
51
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Salafi Jihadis: GOALS and
MEANS
THE GOAL:
Restoration of an Islamic Order.
THE MEANS:
Militant Jihad, violent when
necessary
52
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Restoring Islamic Order
THE GOAL
Replace current regimes with Islamic polities
Rule by pious leader guided by shura (advice)
of religious scholars
The Shari`a (religious law) as the only source
of legislation
Eventually, restoration of the Caliphate and
one pan-Islamic state.
53
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Restoring an Islamic Order
THE MEANS
Although modern Salafis initially promoted peaceful reform, radical Salafi
scholars and clerics over the past half century have legitimized the use
of violence as a religious duty.
“Spiritual” or “charitable” jihad alone not acceptable when Muslims are
under attack—Jihad remilitarized
When Muslims are under attack, jihad is an individual obligation (fard
`ain), which cannot be discharged by mere reliance on institutions or
governments.
Errant Muslims and their “corrupt deviations” from the purity of
ancestral beliefs and practices are responsible for the weakness of the
Islamic world and its victimization by others
therefore takfir—to declare Muslim deviationists apostates
allow their killing—is acceptable.
54
UNCLASSIFIED
and
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Jihad as an Individual Obligation
“The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies—civilians
and military—is an individual duty [fard `ayn] for every
Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is
possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque
and the Holy Mosque from their grip, and in order for
their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam,
defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim.”
Statement by World Islamic Front
(al-Qa`ida and four other groups)
Declaring War on Crusaders and Jews
23 February 1998
55
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Salafi Theology: Ebb and
Flow
Historically, Salafi thought has surfaced as a defensive response to
external challenges.
56
13th Century: A. Ibn Taymiyya
Mongol Invasions
18th Century: M. Ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Ottoman Setbacks
20th Century: Sayyid Qutb
Colonialism/Secularism
21st Century: Jihadi clerics
US-led Globalization
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Only Jihadis are Good Muslims
Each Muslim who fights and dies
for the sake of God is rewarded
by God. But a Muslim who does
not fight has no faith and will be
cursed by God.
Usama Bin Ladin
57
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Religious Leaders Play A Key
Role in Jihadi Terrorism
Terror operatives are the
perpetrators of jihadi violence . .
Clerics are its instigators . . .
58
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Religious Leaders Play A Key
Role in Jihadi Terrorism
The role of religious figures in the jihadi struggle is critical,
continuous, and hands-on:
Clerics provide the fatwas that sanction targets and
weapons
They are the articulators and interpreters of religious
scripture and traditions legitimizing jihadi violence
As teachers and prayer leaders, they condition their
flocks ideologically for recruitment into jihadi activism
59
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Religious Leaders Play A Key
Role in Jihadi Terrorism
Religious figures were the founders of key
jihadi terrorist organizations
Shaykh `Abdallah `Azzam: Maktab al-Khadamat (later
became al-Qa`ida)
Shaykh `Umar `Abd al-Rahman: Al-Gama`at alIslamiyya
Shaykh Abu Bakr Ba`asir: Jemaah Islamiya
Shaykh Abu Muhammad Al-Maqdisi: Zarqawi Network
Mullah Krekar: Ansar al-Islam
60
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
The Jihadi Paradigm
Summarized
The Salafi ideological paradigm underlying jihadi
extremism:
The Muslim world is in crisis, and only a rightly guided
Islamic State (caliphate) ruled exclusively by the Sharia can
redeem it.
Such a State can be created only through jihad, which
often must be violent since Islam’s enemies are bent on
occupying and despoiling Islam’s lands and resources,
aided by apostate Muslim leaders.
Jihad is an individual religious duty, and martyrdom in its
cause leads directly to Paradise.
Authoritative religious figures are the legitimizers of jihad,
and they must sanction appropriate targets.
61
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Salafism is a Growing Movement
Estimated Number of Salafis 1970:
4 – 6 million
Estimated Number of Salafis 2004:
35 – 50 million
Key Drivers:
Saudi Global Da’wa Movement since 1970’s
Soviet Defeat in Afghanistan by Mujahidin
62
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Not All Salafis are Jihadis
4 Main Categories
Establishment Functionaries
Quietist Grand ‘Ulama
Activist Reformers (Sahwa)
Jihadis
63
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Some Salafi Markers:
 Names of Mosques
 Following known Salafi preachers
 Particular dress and demeanor
 Extreme reluctance to mix with females
 Reluctance to patronize non-Muslim business
 Tendency to socialize with or be seen frequently with a
specific group, with a clear leader (Amir)
 Ready willingness to label other Muslims as ‘kafir’
 Rejection of standard ‘democratic’ norms and values
64
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Salafi Markers: Names of Mosques
 Examples of Frequently Used Mosque Names:
 Ibn Taymiyya
 Al-Sunna
 Al-Tawhid
 Al-Farouq
 Al-Furqan
 Al-Taqwah
 Makka al-Mukarrama
65
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Salafi Markers: Views on Democracy (I)
 Sovereignty resides in God, not the People
 The popular will, as expressed by majority vote, does not
rule
 The Ruler governs by applying the Sharia, with the
advice (Shura) of a council of senior religious scholars
 The Ruler is not elected by a majority of the people, but
chosen by a consensus of senior ‘ulama
 The Sharia is the only source of acceptable laws
 Scripture is the final authority, not an agreed-upon and
amendable constitution. A constitution is acceptable only
if it enshrines the Sharia as the sole source of legislation.
66
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Salafi Markers: Views on Democracy (II)
 Civil Liberties
 None beyond those prescribed by the Shari’a
 No religious freedom: a Muslim is forbidden to convert
to another faith or become an atheist
 No freedom of speech: only speech allowed is that
which does not infringe on Islam as interpreted by
governing religious authority
 No freedom of organization: e.g., forbidden to form a
political party
67
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Salafi Markers: Views on Democracy (III)
 Equality among Citizens
 No Equality between Muslims and others
Muslims and Dhimmis have different rights
and obligations
 No Gender Equality
Any position that places a woman above a
man in authority is unacceptable
68
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Islamic Jihadi Terror Presents a
Unique Challenge
Leaders and followers view their struggle as a RELIGIOUS
WAR
Their worldview is defined by the “SALAFI PARADIGM”
They define their goals in ZERO-SUM TERMS
They define their battlefield as GLOBAL in scope
Their choice of TARGETS and WEAPONS is UNRESTRAINED
They are TRUE BELIEVERS
Their religious fervor is their
greatest source of strength.
It also is their key vulnerability.
69
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Ideology is the Key
Vulnerability
OPS
SUCCESS
IDEOLOGY
ORGANIZATION
Acceptance
of JIHADI
VIOLENCE
Acceptance
of JIHADI
VIOLENCE
as an
blessed
God
and
rewarded
as an
actact
blessed
byby
God
and
rewarded
in Heaven
in Heaven
70
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Countering the Paradigm:
Religious Refutation
The sense of crisis pervading MuslimWestern relations will not disappear within an
acceptable time-frame from a CT perspective.
THE ONLY STRATEGY likely to shrink the
pool of potential terrorists to manageable size is .
..
to sow paralyzing doubt in the minds
of potential jihadis about the religious
validity of their conduct
71
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Implementation:
STRATEGY

First Order — Primary focus message:
“Jihadi violence leads to Hell, not a Heavenly Reward”


Instruments:
Fatwas, Counter-Fatwas, & Polemics
Second Order — General message:
“Islam can adapt to a technologically advanced and
globally interdependent world—here is how”

Instruments:
Content Generators
Publications/Websites
Research Institutes
Conferences
Identify, Induce, and Support
72
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Three Sources of
Middle-Eastern Terrorism



Questions of Palestine/Israel
Future of Shi`ite revolution
Establishing the Caliphate

73
dar al Islam
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Major Groups




74
al Qaeda
Hezbollah
Hamas
Palestinian
Islamic Jihad
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Islamic Demography


Sunni (90%) Shias (10%)
Sunnis




75
Hanafi Rite—tolerates wide range of
opinions
Maliki Rite—seeks compromise with Koran;
accepts rulings of descendents of
Companions
Shafeia Rite—reverts to Prophet
Hanabali Rite—influenced by Wahhabi
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Islamic Demography

Shi`at Ali (followers of Ali)= Shi`ites—
develop clergy: imam, hojatalislam,
ayatollah, grand ayatollah



76
Sufism—Sufis (mystical tradition)
Wahhabis
Salafis
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Origins of “al Qaeda”
Principal Themes; Ideology,
Egypt, Afghanistan
 Sayyid Qutb – 1949 Greeley
CO.
 Saw outward appearances of
happiness, prosperity as
actually signs of inner
corruption and decay
 Americans thought they were
free but actually trapped by
selfish and greedy desires
77
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Origins





78
1950 Qutb returns to
Egypt
Joined Muslim
Brotherhood
1952 Brotherhood
supported Gen. Nasser’s
revolution
Nasser moved Egypt
closer to West
1954 Qutb and other
Brotherhood arrested by
security services
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Origins




79
Torturers trained by CIA tortured Qutb and
Brotherhood
Qutb covered in animal fat and locked in cell
with dogs trained to attack humans, had a
heart attack, but survived
Torture twisted Qutb further, believed western
culture unleashed most brutal and barbarous
aspects of humans
Conceived idea of jahilliyah; a state of
barbarous ignorance
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Origins




80
Muslims now infected with jahilliyah
Qutb called upon revolutionary
vanguard to overthrow the leaders who
allowed jahilliyah to infect Muslims
1966 Qutb put on trial and executed 29
August 1966.
Day after execution a secret group set
up by young man; Ayman Zawahiri.
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Origins





81
By late 1970s Egypt transformed with growing middle
class.
Qutb ideas spreading through Egypt, gained
credence as Sadat regime grows more corrupt
1977 Sadat flies to Jerusalem to start peace process
To followers of Qutb, Sadat was now corrupted and
no longer a Muslim, and could be justifiably killed.
1979 Iranian Revolution, Khomeini put Qutb’s face on
a postage stamp
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Origins




82
1980 Zawahiri formed Islamic
Jihad, leader was Abdel Salam
Faraj.
Faraj argued Sadat should be
killed in a spectacular way, to
cause masses to rise up
1980 Sadat assassinated, Cairo
remains calm
Zawahiri and 300 other
conspirators were arrested,
Zawahiri becomes their
spokesman
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Origins
Zawahiri receives three year sentence
 Zawahiri tortured and interprets Qutb’s
theories in an even more radical way
 Masses didn’t rise up because they
were infected by jahilliyah, so they
could be legitimately killed as well
Detour to Afghanistan

83
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Al Qaeda?




84
Anti-American or anti-western attacks
springs from extreme interpretation of
Islamism developed by Zawahiri
No true organization, an idea prevalent
among angry Muslim males (primarily)
Meaning many different Islamist groups
infected with radicalism
Intelligence, intelligence, intelligence
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Remember

85
Past behavior is the best predictor of
future behavior
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Light at the End of the
Tunnel?



86
Demographic change favors less
terrorist inclined individuals – young
males
Theology- Islamic theologians are
moving towards denouncing the junk
theology of Qutb
Indonesian elections in 2004 repudiate
hard Islamic parties
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Law Enforcement Roles:
Terrorism Prevention


87
Regardless of assignment,
every law enforcement officer
has a role in the war on terrorism
While specialized terrorism units may have
the lead responsibility for terrorism-related
operations, all officers have a supporting
role
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Information and Intelligence


88
Community policing principles
stress that information and
intelligence are key factors in
addressing and responding to
community concerns
Nowhere is this more critical than in
identifying and preventing terrorist
attacks
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Terrorism Indicators
89
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Probable Methods of Attack



90
Terrorists study and learn from previous
terror campaigns
Goal is asymmetry—not to defeat
stronger forces, but to show that strong
forces cannot prevail
Law enforcement needs to study
previous attacks to learn methods
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators and
Warning Signs

History has shown that terrorist attacks
do not occur in a vacuum

Attacks are organized and planned weeks,
months, or sometimes years in advance
The planning stage is law enforcement’s
best opportunity to prevent attacks
91
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators and
Warning Signs (continued)


Most domestic terrorists/extremists
are relatively easy to detect
Warning signs will include





92
Dress
Speech
Writing
Actions
Markings
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators and
Warning Signs (continued)



93
International terrorists will be more
difficult to detect and will exhibit fewer
warning signs than domestic groups
and individuals
Officers will have to use basic police
instincts raised to a higher level
Keep An Open Mind!
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
General Observations





94
Middle-Eastern males living together
Money with no furnishings
Disputes among close-knit groups of
Middle-Eastern males
Radical literature
Hand-drawn maps
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
General Observations







95
(continued)
Loitering around sensitive areas
Loud, boisterous behavior in a Middle-Eastern
group
Large quantities of hundred-dollar bills not
associated with observable lifestyle
Cypher/code packs
Repeated use of “God” not coupled with profanity
Use of foreign terms/phrases not in context
Misstatements of common American terminology
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—
Surveillance



96
Personnel observed near identified
potential targets carrying video cameras
or observation equipment with highmagnification lenses
Persons observed with maps, photos, or
diagram sketches with facilities
highlighted
Persons possessing or observed using
night-vision devices
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—
Surveillance (continued)



97
Individuals observed parking, standing, or
loitering in the same areas over multiple days
A pattern or series of false alarms requiring
law enforcement and/or emergency response
Reported thefts of military, law enforcement,
or fire ID cards, license plates, uniforms, etc.
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—
Surveillance (continued)


98
Nonmilitary persons stopped with
military-style weapons, clothing, or
equipment
Reports of computer hackers attempting
to access sites with personal
identification, maps, or other targeting
examples
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—
Weapons Attack





99
Theft or unusual sale of large numbers of
semiautomatic weapons
Theft or large sale of ammunition
Reports of automatic weapons firing
Theft or sale of protective body armor to
non-law enforcement persons
Paramilitary groups carrying out training
scenarios
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—
Explosive Attack



100
Theft of explosives or sale of large
amounts of explosive powder, blasting
caps, or high-velocity explosives
Large sale of ammonium nitrate fertilizer
Theft or sale of containers (i.e., propane
bottles, propane tanks, etc.)
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—Truck
Bombs




101
Theft of explosives, explosive materials,
or chemicals
Small test explosions in rural or wooded areas
Treatment of chemical burns or missing
hands/fingers
Untreated chemical burns or missing hands/fingers
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—Truck
Bombs (continued)



102
Rental of self-storage space (for
chemicals, etc.)
Delivery of chemicals to self-storage
facility
Chemical fires, toxic odors, brightly
colored stains, or rusted metal fixtures
in apartments, hotel/motel rooms, or
self-storage units
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—Truck
Bombs (continued)




103
Rental, theft, or purchase of a one-ton
(or larger) truck or van
Modification of truck/van with heavy
duty springs to handle heavier loads
Physical surveillance of target multiple
times
Purchase of or illegal access to target
blueprints
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—Truck
Bombs (continued)
Maximum
Explosive
Capacity
Lethal
Air Blast
Range
Minimum
Evacuation
Distance
Falling
Glass
Hazard
Compact
sedan
500 pounds
227 kilos
(in trunk)
100 feet
30 meters
1,500 feet
457 meters
1,250 feet
381 meters
Full size
sedan
1,000 pounds
455 kilos
125 feet
38 meters
1,750 feet
534 meters
1,750 feet
534 meters
Vehicle Description
(in trunk)
Passenger van
or cargo van
4,000 pounds
1,818 kilos
200 feet
61 meters
2,750 feet
838 meters
2,750 feet
838 meters
Small box van
(14 foot box)
10,000 pounds
4,545 kilos
300 feet
91 meters
3,750 feet
1,143 meters
3,750 feet
1,143 meters
30,000 pounds
13,636 kilos
450 feet
137 meters
6,500 feet
1,982 meters
6,500 feet
1,982 meters
Box van or
water/fuel truck
Semitrailer
104
104
60,000 pounds
600 feet
27,273 kilos
183 meters
UNCLASSIFIED
7,000 feet
7,000 feet
2,134 meters
2,134 meters
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—Other
Attack


105
Theft or burglaries at army surplus
stores and/or state surplus stores
Rental of storage units for storage of
nontraditional items (i.e., fertilizer, fuel
oil, propane, etc.)
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—Other






106
Claims of conspiracy and/or attacks
Jail intelligence
Presence of pamphlets, communiqués,
flyers, etc.
Terrorist literature and manuals
Bomb-making manuals
Law enforcement training manuals
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—Other
(continued)




107
Evidence of drug proceeds
going to support terrorist
organizations
Large-scale drug-forgun/explosive exchanges
Recruiting drug dealers
for political causes
Illegally obtaining
bomb-making materials
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Pre-Incident Indicators—Other
(continued)

Document fraud





108
Counterfeit or altered driver’s licenses
Altered vehicle registrations and license plates
Suspicious identification cards (all types)
Numerous places of
residence that may
not exist
Possession of
forged documents
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Other Criminal Activity Associated
With Terrorist Groups






109
Credit card fraud
Producing/using bogus prepaid
telephone calling cards
Producing/selling counterfeit
designer clothing and other
trademarked goods
Selling stolen property, often
obtained with bogus credit cards
Counterfeiting currency
Tampering with public records
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Other Criminal Activity Associated With Terrorist
Groups (continued)






110
Bank, mail, and telephone fraud schemes
Visa and immigration fraud
Impersonation of public officials
Possession of stolen property
Selling contraband
(e.g., cigarettes, other)
Money laundering or reverse
money laundering
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Investigators’ Observations

Watch for the following

Links to bootlegging schemes






111
Cigarettes
Baby formula schemes
Grocery store coupons
Protection rackets
Connections to other suspicious
groups
Charities that do not fit the area
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Conclusions



112
International terrorism increasingly
dominated by violent religious
extremism
Understand the terrorist’s operational
environment – “modus operandi”
Develop strong confidence building
ties with the communities from which
terrorists are most likely to come
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Conclusions (cont.)



113
Disrupt/interrupt the planning process –
force terrorists to pay more attention to
their own organizational security
The intelligence function is critical to
disruption
The Army breaks things, the Marines
break people, Law Enforcement breaks
terrorists.
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive
Questions?
114
UNCLASSIFIED
Law Enforcement Sensitive