Introduction
USF Scuba Rescue Diver
• The Chief Goal of NAUI Worldwide
Rescue Training.
• The Scuba Rescue Diver Course:
– Prerequisites
– Your obligations
• The Advanced
Scuba Diver Course:
Unit 1
The “Zero Accident” Goal
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Incident vs. Accident
Rescue
Self Rescue
Assisting Another Diver
The Right Response
Incident vs. Accident
• The two categories of diving problems:
– Diving incidents
– Diving accidents
Rescue
• The Definition of a rescue:
• What is expected of a Scuba Rescue
Diver?
• Preventing a diving incident:
Self-Rescue
• The first step in reducing the risks of
diving and preventing diving accidents:
• Self rescue skills include:
• STOP! Breathe, THINK, Breathe, ACT!
Assisting Another Diver
• The most common “rescue”:
• Never exceed your training.
• After the dive:
The Right Response
• Not all diving incidents can be solved
easily or quickly.
• The response process:
• The duty to respond:
– If you decide to respond:
– Your performance:
The “Zero Accident” Goal
End of Unit 1
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Incident vs. Accident
Rescue
Self Rescue
Assisting Another Diver
The Right Response
Unit 2
Acting in an Emergency
• Critical Incident Stress
• Overcoming Fear
• Leadership Issues
Critical Incident Stress
• A rescuer will invariably face stress:
• Methods to reduce stress:
– Formal
– Informal
• Unchecked critical
incident stress:
Overcoming Fear
• Fear is a natural consequence:
• Maintaining your focus on the goal:
• The unkindness of strangers:
– One of the biggest problems facing the
rescuer:
– Confrontation with bystanders:
Leadership Issues
• Diving Leaders who organize or
supervise:
• The concept of duty:
Acting in an Emergency
End of Unit 2
• Critical Incident Stress
• Overcoming Fear
• Leadership Issues
Unit 3
Diving Readiness
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The Assumption of Risk
Self-Awareness and Buddy Assessment
Fitness to Dive
Absolute Contraindications
Temporary Contraindications
Sub-Related Contraindications
Relative Contraindications
Congenital Defects
Physical Fitness for Diving Safety
The Assumption of Risk
• Recreational diving is not regulated by
civil authority.
• Who should be allowed or encouraged
to participate?
• As a certified diver, your right to plan
and execute a dive.
Self Awareness and Buddy
Assessment
• Deciding whether or not to participate
begins with self-assessment.
• Some questions to ask yourself:
• Your ability to be a good buddy:
Fitness to Dive
• There are some people who cannot dive:
– Absolute contraindications
– Temporary contraindications
– Relative contraindications
Absolute Contraindications
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Asthma
Tuberculosis
Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
Absolute Contraindications
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Diabetes
Epilepsy
Angina Pectoris
Myocardial Infraction
Coronary Artery Disease
Temporary
Contraindications
• Pregnancy
• Earache, Respiratory Infections and
Common Colds
• Medications
• Seasickness
Sub-Related
Contraindications
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Alcohol
Tobacco
Over-the-Counter Medications
“Recreational” Drugs
Food
Relative Contraindications
• Persons with Disabilities
• Heart Disease and Hypertension
• Chronic or Temporary Physical Problems
and Pain
Congenital Defects
• Allergies
• Obesity
• Mental Stability
Physical Fitness for Diving
Safety
• Diet
• Rest
Diving Readiness
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End of Unit 3
The Assumption of Risk
Self-Awareness and Buddy Assessment
Fitness to Dive
Absolute Contraindications
Temporary Contraindications
Sub-Related Contraindications
Relative Contraindications
Congenital Defects
Physical Fitness for Diving Safety
Unit 4
Preparing to Dive
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Training
Required Equipment
Technical Diving
Alternate Breathing Gases and Mixtures
Overhead Environments
Planning and Preparing for Successful Dives
Dive Planning
Your First Aid Kit
Signals
Emergency Procedures
Training
• To be the most effective:
• Having your own equipment:
• “Task Loading”
Required Equipment
• Certain items are universally required
for safer diving:
– Buoyancy Compensator
– Diving Instruments
– Alternate Air Source
• Specialized needs:
Technical Diving
• Technical diving is the term used to
describe:
• This type of diving requires specialized
training and equipment.
• Deep air exposure:
Alternate Breathing Gases
and Mixtures
• The chief goal of using
different inert gases:
• Nitrox and
oxygen-enriched air diving:
Overhead Environment
• Overhead environments are those with
restricted access to the surface.
– These include:
• Avoid all overhead environments unless:
Planning and Preparing for
Successful Dives
• There is no substitute for advanced
planning.
• Choosing the site:
• Equipment preparation:
Dive Planning
• Dive planning includes:
• Depth, duration and air consumption
planning:
• Emergency planning:
Your First Aid Kit
• Some basic items include:
• Oxygen administration equipment:
Signals
• Buddy briefings:
• Dive plan coordination:
• Mutual gear check:
Emergency Procedures
• Out of air emergency:
• Lost buddy procedure:
Preparing to Dive
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End of Unit 4
Training
Required Equipment
Technical Diving
Alternate Breathing Gases and Mixtures
Overhead Environments
Planning and Preparing for Successful Dives
Dive Planning
Your First Aid Kit
Signals
Emergency Procedures
Unit 5
Reducing Common Diving
Risks
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Judgment Problems
Proper Training
Preventing Problems
Common Equipment
Problems
Ballast Systems
Environmental Hazards
Weather Related
Problems
Musculoskeletal
Problems
• General Underwater
Hazards
• Water Hazards
• Natural and Artificial
Hazards
• Freshwater Issues
• Overhead Environments
• Improper Breathing
Techniques
• A Final Word
Judgment Problems
• Evaluating your personal diving fitness:
• Managing your decisions: Peer pressure
Proper Training
• Passing vs. Proficient
• Power vs. Mastery
Preventing Problems
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Equalization difficulties:
Squeezes and blocks:
Avoiding squeezes:
Avoiding blocks:
Equipment difficulties:
Common Equipment
Problems
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Mask and fin straps:
Buoyancy compensators:
Wetsuits:
Dry suits:
Ballast Systems
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Weight belts:
Integrated BC and ballast systems:
DUI weight system:
Trim:
Air delivery systems:
Environmental Hazards
• Each environment represents its own
constellation of risk variables.
Weather Related Problems
• Temperature torments:
• Dehydration:
• Sunburn:
Musculoskeletal Problems
• Avoiding diving related musculoskeletal
problems:
General Underwater
Hazards
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Avoiding problems from cold:
Temperature problems:
Density issues:
Effort, fatigue and safety:
Narcosis:
Oxygen toxicity:
Water Hazards
• Water’s density:
• Water contamination:
Natural and Artificial
Hazards
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Entanglement:
Ocean diving hazards:
Tidal current:
Rip and longshore currents:
Surf diving:
Surge:
Freshwater Issues
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Rivers:
Thermoclines:
Altitude diving:
Boating traffic:
Overhead Environments
• Breathing related problems:
Improper Breathing
Techniques
• “Skip-breathing,” Shallow breathing
and Breath holding:
• Coughing, sneezing, choking and
gagging:
• Hyperventilation and “Shallow water
blackout”:
A Final Word
• Most Diving Problems are Preventable.
• As a NAUI Worldwide certified SRD or
ASRD you must also assess, as
appropriate to your level of training and
role, the qualifications of those with
whom you dive.
Reducing Common Diving
Risks
End of Unit 5
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Judgment Problems
Proper Training
Preventing Problems
Common Equipment
Problems
Ballast Systems
Environmental Hazards
Weather Related
Problems
Musculoskeletal
Problems
• General Underwater
Hazards
• Water Hazards
• Natural and Artificial
Hazards
• Freshwater Issues
• Overhead Environments
• Improper Breathing
Techniques
• A Final Word