Taxonomy Schemes
0 Two Kingdom System (Carl Linnaeus)
0 Five Kingdom System (Robert Whittaker)
0 Three Domain System (Carl Woese)
THE TWO KINGDOM SYSTEM
0 Initially used by Linneus
0 Divided all life forms into:
0 Plants
0 Animals
THE TWO KINGDOM SYSTEM
Kingdom 1
Kingdom 2
Plants
Animals
Included: bacteria, plants, fungi,
chloroplast containing protist
Included: animals and every other
organism that moved and ingested food
THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM
0 Initially used by Robert H. Whittaker
0 He divided organisms into 5 kingdoms, according to their
type of cell, eating habits and movement.
0 Recognized the two types of cells:
0 Prokaryotes (1 kingdom)
0 Eukaryotes (4 kingdoms)
THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM
Animals or
Animalia
Fungi or
Mycota
Plants or
Plantae
5
kingdoms
Monera or
Prokaryotes
Protist
THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM
0 According to Linneaus:
0 Plants are autotrophic in nutritional mode, making their
food by photosynthesis.
0 Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that are absorptive
in nutritional mode. Most fungi are decomposers.
0 Animals live by ingesting food and digesting it within
specialized cavities.
0 Protista consisted of all eukaryotes that did not fit the
definition of plants, fungi, or animals. Most of them are
unicellular.
THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM
0 Like any classification scheme, the five-kingdom system is not a natural fact
but a human construct.
0 Is one attempt to order the diversity of life into a scheme that is useful and
reasonable.
0 But, eventually, pointed out some
problems:
0 There are two distinct lineages of
prokaryotes.
0 The diverse eukaryotes formerly
collected in the kingdom Protista.
THE THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM
0 Introduced by Carl Woese
0 The three domains, are essentially
super-kingdoms, a taxonomic level
even higher than the kingdom level.
0 Bacteria
0 Archaea
0 Eukarya
0 Scheme that is used today
0 Schemes change with new scientific
discoveries
THE THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM
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