Nicholas Fogell
Madame Panaccione
Elementary French l
The life and times
of Alfred Binet
“Comprehension, inventiveness, direction,
and criticism: intelligence is contained in
these four words.“
Alfred Binet’s childhood
•
July 11, 1857 in Nice, France is where Alfred
Binet was born.
•
He was the only child of a physician father
and an artist mother.
•
His parents separated when he was very
young and he was raised by his mother. Who
went with him to Paris when he was 15, so he
could attend Lycée Louis le Grand. Where he
later received a degree in Law and a
Doctorates in natural sciences at The
Sorbonne.
•
He planned on going to medical school, but
decided that his interest in psychology was
more important.
•
By reading books written by Reading books by
Charles Darwin, Alexander Bain and others,
taught himself psychology.
Clinical Practice
•
1883–1889
• a researcher at Jean-Martin Charcot's neurological laboratory at La
Salpêtrière Hospital
• 1890, Binet resigned from La Salpêtrière
•
1891–1894,1894 – 1911
• the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology at the Sorbonne . Also, became
Editor-in-Chief of L'Annee psychologique.
•
1899
• Became a member of La Société Libre pour l'Etude Psychologique de l'Enfant
The Influence of Jean-Martin Charcot
•
29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893
•
A French neurologist and professor of anatomical
pathology, But also influenced neurology and
psychology.
• Taught and established a neurology clinic at
Salpêtrière, which was the first of its kind in
Europe. Where he taught Sigmund Freud,
Joseph Babinski, Pierre Janet, William James,
Pierre Marie, Albert Londe, Charles-Joseph
Bouchard, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Alfred
Binet, and Albert Pitres.
• During his seven-year tenure at the laboratory,
Binet became embroiled in the controversies
surrounding Charcot's studies of hypnosis, loyally
defending Charcot against charges that his
demonstrations had been tainted by
experimenters' unintentional suggestions to the
patients. In 1891, chagrined by his experiences in
Charcot's laboratory, Binet Resigned.
• Basically, the patients had known what was
expected, what was supposed to happen, and so
they simply assented.
La Société Libre pour l'Etude Psychologique de
l'Enfant
•
Immensely influenced by the birth of his two
daughters. Whom he in turn studied and
created hypothesis' on.
•
French education changed immensely at the
end of the nineteenth century
• Due to a law that passed which made it
mandatory for children ages six to
fourteen to attend school.
• Appointed to the Commission for the
Retarded. In which he had to establish the
differences that separate the normal child
from the abnormal, and to measure such
differences.
• L'Etude experimentale de l'intelligence
• the book he used to describe his methods
and it was published in 1903.
• 1903 - After further experiments and
books he met Théodore Simon.
• Whom worked with him on the
intelligence tests
Binet-Simon Scale
•
•
•
1905
• First test consisted of 30 items
ranging from the ability to touch one's nose or ear, when asked, to the
ability to draw designs from memory and to define abstract concepts,
and varying in difficulty
1908
• revised the scale, dropping, modifying, and adding tests and also arranging
them according to age levels from three to thirteen
Tested their measurement on a sample of fifty children, ten children per five age
groups.
• The children selected for their study were identified by their school teachers
as being average for their age.
• the score on the Binet-Simon scale would reveal the child's mental age
• If the child was three years old and her or his mental age was normal for
a three year old, then the child was normal because his or her
chronological and mental ages were the same. If the child's mental
age was "higher" than her or his chronological age, then the child was
advanced, or had a higher than normal IQ. If the situation were
reversed, then the child was behind or retarded, with a lower than
normal IQ for his or her age.
Gaussian bell-shaped curve
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
• 1916
• At Stanford University, the psychologist Lewis Terman released a revised the
Binet-Simon Scale.
• the test was so popular that Robert Yerkes, the president of the American
Psychological Association, decided to use it in developing the Army Alpha
and the Army Beta tests to classify recruits. Thus, a high-scoring recruit might
earn an A-grade (high officer material), whereas a low-scoring recruit with
an E-grade would be rejected for military service
• a standardized test that assesses IQ and cognitive abilities in children and
adults aged two to 23. Moreover, the Stanford Binet IQ Test is designed to
test intelligence in four areas including verbal reasoning, quantitative
reasoning, abstract and visual reasoning, and short-term memory skills.
Intelligenz-Quotient (IQ)
•
Devised by the German psychologist William
Stern in 1912 as a proposed method of scoring
children's intelligence
•
Modern IQ tests scores have an median score
set to 100, such as the Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale. With a standard deviation
of about 15.
• IQ scores can be associated with factors
such as morbidity and mortality, parental
social status, and parental IQ
•
Scores are predictors of educational
achievement or special needs. As well as
predictors of job performance and income.
• The average IQ scores have been rising
three points per decade since the early
20th century, a phenomenon called the
Flynn effect.
The Life &
Times Of
Pierre Paul
Broca
“The least questioned assumptions are
often the most questionable”
The Childhood Of Paul Broca
• 28 June 1824 is when Paul Broca was
When He was born in Sainte-Foy-laGrande, Gironde France.
• He was the son of a country practitioner
and former Napoleonic surgeon father
with Huguenot background, His mother,
known for "great intelligence" and a
"prodigious memory", was the daughter
of a protestant preacher.
• He received his basic education at the
college in his native town, where he
earned the diploma as “Bachelier des
lettres” at the age of 16, and soon
afterward became “Bachelier des
Sciences mathemathiques".
Child Prodigy
• Entered the University of Paris in
October 1841, where he, at his
parents request, attended the
faculty of medicine
• In 1848 he became prosector of
anatomy at the University of Paris
Medical School, the youngest
prosector and secretary of the
Société Anatomique ever
• In 1849, he was conferred doctor of
medicine at age 25
‘Tan’
• There was a patient that
was admitted to Bicêtre,
at the age of 21, he had
lost, for a some time, the
use of speech; he could
no longer pronounce
more than a single
syllable, which he
ordinarily repeated twice
at a time; whenever a
question was asked of
him, he would always
reply tan, tan, in
conjunction with quite
varied expressive
gestures.
Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MJo
NfxdADk
http://www.begent.org/intelquiz.htm
http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/binet.shtml
http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/binet.htm
http://www.generalforum.com/philosophy-psychology/take-8minute-iq-test-tell-me-what-think-73931-page2.html
http://www.baggas.com/posts/2007/06/19/paul-broca-wikipedia-thefree-encyclopedia/