MARRIAGE, FAMILY &KINSHIP (Ch. 22-22)
Universality of Marriage
Gender division of labor
Prolonged infant dependency
Sexual Competition
Other mammals and birds: Postpartum requirements
Possible exceptions to near universality of marriage
Patterns of Marriage & Marital Residence
Arranged Marriage
Exogamy and Endogamy
Cousin marriage
Levirate/Sororate
Universal incest taboo
Bride price
Dowry
Gift Exchange
Bride service
Exchange of Females
Monogamy
Polygamy - Polygyny, Polyandry
Patrilocal Residence
Matrilocal “
Bilocal “
Neolocal “
Forms of the Family
Nuclear
Extended
Types of Affiliation with Kin
Unilineal Descent – Patrilineal, Matrilineal, Ambilineal
Types of Unilineal Descent Groups – Lineages, Clans, Phraties, Moieties
Functions of Unlineal Descent Groups
Bilateral Kinship
Kindred
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Kin Naming Systems
Inuit or Eskimo System
Omaha System
Crow System
Iroquois System
Hawaiian System
Sudanese system
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THE ARTS (Ch. 27)
Body Decoration and Adornment
In-class video: The Tattoo Hunter- Mentawai
Variation in the Arts
Visual Art - Artistic Differences in Egalitarian and Stratified Societies
Music - Correlations between Song Style and Cultural Complexity
Folklore
Viewing the Art of Other Cultures
Differences in how Western museums and art critics look at art of “primitive”
societies vs. Western art
Artistic Changes and Cultural Contact
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CULTURE CHANGE AND GLOBALIZATION (Ch. 28)
Sources of Cultural Change
Discovery and Innovation
Acculturation
Diffusion (direct, intermediate, stimulus)
Types of Cultural Change in the Modern World
Commercialization (Migratory Labor, Non-agricultural commercial production,
cash crops, industrial agriculture)
Religious changes
Political/social change
Ethnogenesis
Globalization
Negative and positive affects
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ARCHAEOLOGY (Ch. 2)
Types of Archaeological Evidence
Artifacts (Lithics, Ceramics)
Ecofacts
Fossils
Features
Archaeological Site Formation
Stratification
Taphonomy
Archaeological Fieldwork
Survey
Excavation
Analysis of Archaeological Evidence (For each type of evidence – what can we learn from
it?)
Conservation/reconstruction
Artifacts
Ecofacts
Fossils
Features
Context
Dating Techniques
Relative methods (cross-dating, stratigraphy, indicator artifacts)
Absolute methods (radiocarbon, argon-argon, electron spin resonance, etc.)
Goals of Archaeological Fieldwork
Culture-History
Testing explanations about human evolution or behavior
Ethics in Archaeology
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EVOLUTION & GENETICS (Ch. 3)
Brief Historical Overview of Evolutionary Thinking
Ancient Greece- Great Chain of Being
Carolus Linnaeus – systema naturae
Jean Baptiste Lamarck – inheritance of acquired traits
Charles Lyell – Principles of Geology, uniformitarianism
Charles Darwin – Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection, the Descent of
Man
Principles of Natural Selection
1. Variation
2. Heredity
3. Differential Reproductive Success
Adaptive Traits
Maladaptive Traits
Observed examples of natural selection (moths and industrialization, flies and
DDT)
Heredity
Mendelian Genetics
Sources of Variation
Genetic Recombination
Mutation
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Hybridization
Origins of Species
Speciation
Macroevolution
Microevolution
Natural Selection of BEHAVIORAL Traits
Variation, “heredity,” differential reproductive success – application of these
principles to selection of behavioral traits
Relationship to biological evolution
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PRIMATES (Ch. 4)
Common Primate Traits
Physical Features
Skeletal features reflecting arboreal existence
Omnivorous adaptation
High level of Manual dexterity , opposable thumbs
Stereoscopic, usually color, vision
Large brain relative to body size
Reproductive system emphasizing quality over quantity
Social Features
Long dependency period as infant – importance of strong social
relationship with adult (Harry Harlow experiments – in-class film clip)
Importance of play to development and learning
Social learning (example – chimps and tool use – in-class film clip)
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