Performance Validation of
Mobile IP Wireless Networks
Syed Shahzad Ali
Muhammad Saqib Ilyas
Advisor: Dr. Ravi Pendse
Agenda
Wireless Networking Introduction
Problems : IP Addresses, Location, Routing
Solution: Mobile IP Protocol
Ns2 test-bed and results
Router’s Lab setup
Test-bed and result
Future Work
Goals
Performance comparison of Mobile IP
based networks on the basis of the results
gathered from ns2 simulator and by working
in the Router’s LAB in the real world.
Validate the Effects of Mobility on the
Transport Layer
Have ns2 and router’s lab test-bed ready
for future research
What is Wireless Networking?
Wireless networking is the use of Radio
Frequency (RF) technology to connect
workstations in a Local Area Network (LAN)
or LAN's in a Wide Area Network (WAN).
Using this technology allows Ethernet
speeds with limited or no wired
connections. It transmits and receives
information through the air.
What is Mobile IP?
MIP defines how MNs change their Point Of
Attachment to the Internet without changing
their IP addresses
Each MN is always identified by its home IP
address
HA sends datagrams for MN through a
tunnel to the COA
No protocol enhancement is required in
other hosts or routers
What if Node Moves
Routing decisions are based upon the
network-prefix portion of the IP
Destination Address
10.10.0.1/16
Router
130.10.1.0/24
Problem Due to Mobility
Mobile Node
130.1.x.x
CN
130.1.1.1
A
B
D
Route Next
130.1.x.x A
Internet
C
Route Next
130.1.x.x B
130.1.x.x
?
130.1.1.1
A
B
D
Route Next
130.1.x.x A
Internet
C
Route Next
130.1.x.x B
CN
Mobile IP Process
Agent Discovery to find Agent
Home agent and foreign agents periodically
send Agent Advertisement Messages
They also respond to solicitation from mobile
node
Mobile Node selects an agent and uses CareOf-Address for further communication
Care-Of-Address
IP Address associated with a mobile
node that is visiting a foreign network
It generally changes every time MN
moves from one foreign network to
another
A FA COA can be any one of the FA’s IP
Address
A FA COA can be shared by many MNs
simultaneously
Mobile IP Process (Contd.)
Registration
Mobile Node registers its COA with home
agent either directly or through foreign agent.
Home agent then sends a reply back to mobile
node via FA about successful COA registration
Each mobility binding has a negotiated lifetime
limit
To continue further working in FN, registration
must be done within lifetime
Mobile IP Process (Contd.)
Return to Home Network
Mobile node deregisters with Home Agent
Sets COA to its permanent IP Address
Lifetime = 0 ; /* means deregistration */
Deregistration with foreign network is not
required. It expires automatically
Simultaneous registrations with more than one
COA is allowed (for handoff)
Overview of Mobile IP
Functionality
CN
5.
4.
FA
1. and 2.
MN
HA
3.
 1. MN discovers agent
 2. MN obtains COA (Care Of Address)
 3. MN registers with HA
 4. HA tunnels packets from CN to MN
 5. FA forwards packets from MN to CN
Encapsulation/ Tunneling
Home Agent Intercepts mobile node’s
datagrams and forwards them to COA
Home Agent tells all hosts to send mobile
node’s datagram to it
Home Agent then send it to FA via Tunnel
Decapsulation: Datagram is extracted by
FA and sent to mobile node
Encapsulation/Tunneling
Correspondent Node
IP Cloud
Home Network
New Network/Foreign Network
Mobile Node
Foreign Agent
Home Agent
Tunnel
Mobile Node
Network Scenario
TCP
Source
HA
FA1
MN
FA2
Test Bed Setup Flow
while (!all tcl files run )
Mobile IP Scenario File written in TCL
Language
The trace file generated by ns2.
A program written in AWK language
grab only TCP information out of the
ns2 Trace File. Save the information
into another file named tcp_info.tr
Another AWK program examines every
line of the tcp_info.tr file and generates
latency behavior.
A Program in C++ (delay_avg2.cpp),
further normalizes the results
Finally a program (final_avg.sh) takes
the averages.
Another program automatically email the
results to me.
A Program
(create.sh) control
the whole process
of calculating
delay out of a raw
trace file format of
ns2 simulator
Comparison of Attributes
Aironet 340 Bridge
NS2
Nominal Range 15Km
250 – 300 meter
Frequency 2.4GHz
2.4Ghz
IP-IP Tunneling
IP-IP Tunneling
IEEE 802.11 Distributed coordination
function DCF MAC protocol
IEEE 802.11 Distributed coordination
function DCF MAC protocol
DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum radio interface)
DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum radio interface)
Data Rates Supported: 1,2,5.5 and
11MBps
Data Rates Supported: 1,2,5.5 and
11MBps
Omni directional antenna having unity
gain
Omni directional antenna having unity
gain
Media Access Protocol CSMA/CA
Media Access Protocol CSMA/CA
Handoff is based on SSID
Handoff is based on receiving power
Results NS2
Ns2 Simulator
Scenario #1
Bandwidth Link Delay
MAX IF Queue
Average Delay
(msec)
HA-FA1
FA1-FA2
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
2ms
2ms
2ms
50
50
50
69.533
6.940
5.394
112.20
6.855
5.321
34.543
6.6888
5.094
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
5ms
5ms
5ms
50
50
50
72.9300
12.8474
11.2791
102.610
12.7116
11.1496
33.754
12.7396
10.968
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
10ms
10ms
10ms
50
50
50
73.301
22.700
21.1188
99.1139
22.481
20.8883
36.7808
22.1597
20.8369
Scenario #2
Bandwidth Link Delay
MAX IF Queue
Average Delay
(msec)
HA-FA1
FA1-FA2
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
2ms
2ms
2ms
100
100
100
69.533
6.940
5.391
112.212
6.855
5.325
34.543
6.6888
5.094
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
5ms
5ms
5ms
100
100
100
72.93
12.847
11.2822
102.608
12.7110
11.149
33.425
12.847
11.157
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
10ms
10ms
10ms
100
100
100
72.68
22.705
21.231
97.355
22.492
20.884
36.78
22.187
20.893
Scenario #3
Bandwidth Link Delay
MAX IF Queue
Average Delay
(msec)
HA-FA1
FA1-FA2
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
2ms
2ms
2ms
150
150
150
69.533
6.940
5.394
112.21
6.855
5.321
34.543
6.688
5.094
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
5ms
5ms
5ms
150
150
150
72.93
12.847
11.282
102.613
12.7116
11.157
33.425
12.739
10.994
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
10ms
10ms
10ms
150
150
150
72.686
22.705
21.118
97.355
22.491
20.839
36.74
22.187
20.855
Work that can be done using
NS2
In our work the correspondent node was
stationary. A study can be done where CN
is also mobile.
UDP Protocol could be tested and the
performance could be analyzed.
Real time traffic using RTP may be realized
Now What?
Up We Go!
Equipment
Cisco 2600 series routers
Cisco 3660 routers
Cisco Aironet 340 Wireless bridges
Test bed
100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 130.10.x.x/24
9 subnets
R
100.10.14.0 [120/3] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0
Server 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0
HA 100.10.15.0
– 2600 [120/4] via 100.10.10.1,
R
00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0
FA1100.10.12.0
– 2600 [120/2] via 100.10.10.1,
12.x
R1FastEthernet0/0 R2
R
100.10.13.0 [120/2] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01,
FA2 – 2600
C
FastEthernet0/0
13.x
MN100.10.10.0
– 2600 is directly connected,
11.x
16.x
R
100.10.11.0 [120/1] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0
14.x
R1 – 3660
C
connected, FastEthernet0/1
R2 –100.10.18.0
3660 is directlyHA
FA2
FA1
R
100.10.16.0 [120/3] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0
Server,
Client – PC
17.x
15.x
R
100.10.17.0 [120/4] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0
running
Linux
10.x
R
MN
15.x Client
Mobile Node in Foreign
Network 1
Mobile Tunnels:
Node:
100.0.0.0/8 is variably
subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
Server
M
Tunnel1:
100.10.15.2/32 [3/1] via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0
C src 100.10.10.0/24
100.10.10.1, dest
is directly
100.10.10.88
connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.x
R1tunnel-users
R2
C encap
100.10.18.0/24
IP/IP, mode is
reverse-allowed,
directly connected,
FastEthernet0/1
1
M*IP0.0.0.0/0
MTU 1460
[3/1]
bytes
via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0
13.x
Home
PathAgent:
MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10
mins, expires: never
11.x
16.x
100.0.0.0/8
outboundisinterface
variablyTunnel0
subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
14.x
M HA 100.10.10.88/32
created, fast switching
[3/1] via enabled,
100.10.14.2,
ICMP
00:00:45,
unreachable
Tunnel0
enabled
R 0 packets
100.10.14.0/24
input, 0 [120/2]
bytes, 0via
drops
100.10.11.7, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1
FA2
HA
FA1 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1
R 0 packets
100.10.15.0/24
output, 0
[120/3]
bytes via 100.10.11.7,
.
Tunnel0:
17.x
15.x
. src 100.10.10.1, dest 100.10.14.2
10.x
. encap IP/IP, mode reverse-allowed, tunnel-users 1
IP MTU 1480 bytes
10.x
Path MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10 mins, expires: never
outbound interface Ethernet0/1
15.x Client
HA created, fast switching enabled, ICMP unreachable
enabled
MN
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 drops
47 packets output, 9020 bytes
How’d we do that?
Modified netperf code to get network
latency
Wrote shell program to configure wireless
bridge data rate
Wrote shell program to configure router
interface delay and queue length
And the results are….
Router’s Lab
Scenario #1
Bandwidth Link Delay
MAX IF Queue
Average Delay
(msec)
HA-FA1
FA1-FA2
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
2ms
2ms
2ms
50
50
50
37.956
10.68
6.831
36.741
5.7435
6.578
36.952
6.2031
5.9041
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
5ms
5ms
5ms
50
50
50
34.1515
10.072
7.634
38.755
12.271
14.864
19.753
4.914
6.324
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
10ms
10ms
10ms
50
50
50
71.789
13.403
15.251
10.866
7.703
22.519
41.164
17.589
14.167
Scenario #2
Bandwidth Link Delay
MAX IF Queue
Average Delay
(msec)
HA-FA1
FA1-FA2
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
2ms
2ms
2ms
100
100
100
59.0898
9.4650
6.8017
106.776
8.2916
6.7313
74.71
9.1359
6.2388
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
5ms
5ms
5ms
100
100
100
36.0631
12.1781
9.8097
82.6476
11.7595
10.0029
35.7152
12.7203
8.1312
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
10ms
10ms
10ms
100
100
100
73.8415
19.8059
7.8675
90.2970
22.7909
6.2675
33.6052
19.1916
8.1584
Scenario # 3
Bandwidth Link Delay
MAX IF Queue
Average Delay
(msec)
HA-FA1
FA1-FA2
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
2ms
2ms
2ms
150
150
150
48.21807
6.95287
6.148295
97.4295
6.645120
5.36494
40.295194
7.640332
5.58338
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
5ms
5ms
5ms
150
150
150
35.912
10.196
11.362
36.335
13.776
12.656
37.792
7.154
11.855
1Mb
5.5MB
11MB
10ms
10ms
10ms
50
50
50
72.362
19.737
14.918
71.963
18.770
13.320
72.133
14.672
14.620
It’s not over yet!
Study the implementation of different radio
propagation models in NS-2
Completely automating the simulation by
writing some more shell programs to
integrate the existing shell programs.
Thank you very much for attending the
presentation
Questions?