19-1 Chapter 19 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job Order Cost Accounting © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-2 Learning objectives 1. Job Order Costing Accounting System 2. Job Order Cost Flows and Reports 3. Overhead and Overhead Application 4. Adjust Overapplied and Underapplied Overhead 5. Job Order Accounting Typical Journal Entries McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-3 1. Job Order Costing Accounting System - Job Order Manufacturing Process Costing Job Costing Chapter 20 Used for production of large, unique, high-cost items. Built to order rather than mass produced. Many costs can be directly traced to each job. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-4 Job Order Manufacturing Process Costing Job Costing Chapter 20 Typical job order cost applications: Special-order printing Building construction Also used in service industry Hospitals Law firms McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-5 1. Job Order Costing Accounting System - Events in Job Order Costing Receive orders from customers. Begin production with material & Labor. Predict Cost. Schedule Negotiate Price jobs. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Schedule Job. Order raw materials. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-6 Events in Job Order Costing Indirect Materials Direct Indirect Factory Allocate Overhead Labor McGraw-Hill/Irwin Goods in Process Job B15 Job B16 Job B17 Job B18 Job B19 Finished Goods Job B15 Job B16 Job B17 Cost of Goods Sold Job B15 Job B16 Direct © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-7 2. Job Order Cost Flows and Reports - Job Order Cost Documents The primary document for tracking the costs associated with a given job is the job cost sheet. Let’s investigate McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-8 Job Cost Sheet Exh. 19-2 Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15 Address 1442 High Point Dr. Portland, Oregon Job Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/05 Dated started 3/3/05 Date completed Direct Materials Date Req. Cost Total Total Remarks McGraw-Hill/Irwin Direct Labor Date Ticket Cost Factory Overhead Date Rate Cost Total Cost Summary Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory Overhead Total Cost © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-9 2. Job Order Cost Flows and Reports - Job Cost Sheet (Direct Material) Exh. 19-2 Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15 Address 1442 High Point Dr. Portland, Oregon Job Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/05 Dated started 3/3/05 Date completed Direct Materials Date Req. Cost Total A materials requisition Direct Labor to authorize Factory Overhead is used the Date Ticket Cost Date Rate Cost use of materials on a job. Total Remarks Total Cost Summary Let’s see one Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory Overhead Total Cost McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-10 Materials Requisition Exh. 19-5 Road Warriors Materials Requisition No. R-4705 Job No. B15 Material Stock No. Date 3-7-05 M-347 Material Description Alarm system wiring Quantity Requested 1 Quantity Provided Filled By 1 M. Batemen Requested By C. Luther Date Provided 3-7-05 Received By C. Luther Remarks McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-11 Exh. 20-5 Materials Requisition Road Warriors Materials Requisition No. R-4705 Job No. B15 Material Stock No. Date Proper authorization 3-7-05 M-347 Material Description Alarm system wiring Quantity Requested 1 Cost of material Quantity Provided 1 is charged to Filled By M. Batemen Job B15. Requested By C. Luther Date Provided 3-7-05 Received By C. Luther Remarks McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-12 Exh. 20-5 Materials Requisition Road Warriors Materials Requisition No. R-4705 Job No. B15 Material Stock No. Date 3-7-05 M-347 Material Description Alarm system wiring Quantity Requested 1 Requested By Pre-printed, sequentially numbered C. Luther form. Quantity Provided Filled By Remarks McGraw-Hill/Irwin 1 Date Provided 3-7-05 Type and quantity of Received By M. Batemen material charged to C. Luther Job B15. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-13 Exh. 20-5 Materials Requisition Road Warriors Materials Requisition No. R-4705 Job No. B15 Material Stock No. Date 3-7-05 M-347 Material Description Alarm system wiring Quantity Requested 1 Requested By C. Luther The materials1 requisition form also serves as Date Provided 3-7-05 the source document for recording Filled By M. Batemen Received By C.material Luther usage in the accounting records. Quantity Provided Remarks McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-14 Materials Ledger Card Exh. 19-4 Road Warriors Materials Ledger Card Item Alarm sys. wiring Maximum Qty. 5 units Stock No. M-347 Minimum Qty. 1 unit Location Bin137 Reorder Qty. 2 units Received Issued Balance Rec. Unit Total Req. Unit Total Unit Total Date Rep. Units Cost Cost No. Units Cost Cost Units Cost Cost 1 $225 $225 3/4/05 C7117 2 $225 $450 3 $225 $675 3/7/05 R4705 1 $225 $225 2 $225 $450 McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-15 Job Cost Sheet (Direct Material) Exh. 19-2 Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15 Address 1442 High Point Dr. Portland, Oregon Job Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/05 Dated started 3/3/05 Date completed Direct Materials Date Req. Cost 3/7/05 R4705 $225 Total $225 Remarks McGraw-Hill/Irwin Direct Labor Date Ticket Cost Total Factory Overhead Date Rate Cost Total Cost Summary Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory Overhead Total Cost $225 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-16 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries (Direct & Indirect Material) GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Mar 7 Goods in Process Inventory - Job B15 Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit 225 Raw Materials Inventory - M - 347 225 To record require & use of direct material alarm system wiring. Factory Overhead Raw Material Inventory 50 50 To record require & use of indirect material. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-17 2. Job Order Cost Flows and Reports - Job Cost Sheet (Direct Labor) Exh. 19-2 Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15 Accumulate Address 1442 High Point Dr. Portland, Oregon Job Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition direct labor Date promised 3/15/05 Dated started 3/3/05 Date completed Direct Materials Date Req. Cost 3/7/05 R4705 $225 Total $225 Remarks costs by Direct Labor Factory Overhead means of a Date Ticket Cost Date Rate Cost work record, such as a time ticket, for each Total Total employee. Cost Summary Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory Overhead Total Cost McGraw-Hill/Irwin $225 Let’s see one © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-18 Labor Time Ticket Exh. 19-7 Road Warriors Time Ticket No. L-3479 Job No. Date B15 Employee Name T. Zeller 3/8/05 Employee Number 3969 TIME AND RATE INFORMATION: Start Time Elapsed Time Approved By 9:00 3.0 Finish Time 12:00 Hourly Rate $20.00 Total Cost $60.00 C. Luther Remarks McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-19 Job Cost Sheet (Direct Labor) Exh. 19-2 Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15 Address 1442 High Point Dr. Portland, Oregon Job Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/05 Dated started 3/3/05 Date completed Direct Materials Date Req. Cost 3/7/05 R4705 $225 Total $225 Remarks McGraw-Hill/Irwin Direct Labor Date Ticket Cost 3/8/05 L3479 $60 Total $60 Factory Overhead Date Rate Cost Total Cost Summary Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory Overhead Total Cost $225 60 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-20 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Mar 8 Goods in Process - Job B15 Credit 60 Factory Payroll 60 To record direct labor of 3 hours ($20 hour rate) used for Job B15. Factory Overhead 100 Factory Payroll 100 To record indirect labor of 5 hours ($20 hour rate). McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-21 2. Job Order Cost Flows and Reports - Job Cost Sheet (Factory Overhead) Exh. 19-2 Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15 Address 1442 High Point Dr. Portland, Oregon Job Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/05 Dated started 3/3/05 Date completed Direct Materials Date Req. Cost 3/7/05 R4705 $225 Total $225 Direct Labor Date Ticket Cost 3/8/05 L3479 $60 Total Factory Overhead Date Rate Cost Total AssignRemarks manufacturing overhead toSummary jobs using a Cost Direct Materials predetermined overhead rate based on direct $225 Direct Labor 60 labor cost. Factory Overhead Let’s do it Total Cost McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-22 Job Cost Sheet (Factory Overhead) Exh. 19-2 Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15 Address 1442 High Point Dr. Portland, Oregon Job Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/05 Dated started 3/3/05 Date completed 3/11/05 Direct Materials Date Req. Cost 3/7/05 R4705 $225 Total $225 Remarks McGraw-Hill/Irwin Direct Labor Date Ticket Cost 3/8/05 L3479 $60 Total $60 Factory Overhead Date Rate Cost 3/8/05 160% $96 Total Cost Summary Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory Overhead Total Cost $96 $225 60 96 $381 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-23 Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate Formula Road Warriors uses a predetermined overhead rate (POHR) based on direct labor cost to apply overhead to jobs. POHR = POHR = McGraw-Hill/Irwin Estimated total manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period Estimated total direct labor costs for the coming period $200,000 $125,000 = 160% of direct labor $ © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-24 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Mar 8 Goods in Process - Job B15 Factory Overhead Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit 96 96 To apply overhead to Job B15 using a predetermined overhead rate McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-25 Costing 2.Job JobCost Order Cost Flows and Reports Document Flowand Summary - Cost Flows Documents Let’s summarize the document flow we have been discussing in a job-order costing system. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-26 Cost Flows and Documents The materials requisition indicates the cost of direct materials to charge to jobs and the cost of indirect materials to charge to overhead. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Exh. 19-3 Direct material s JobCost Cost Job Job Cost Sheets Job Cost Sheets Sheets Sheets Materials Materials Ledger Cards Materials Ledger Cards Materials Ledger Cards Requisition Indirect materials Factory Overhead Account © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-27 Job Cost Costing Document FlowDocuments Summary Cost Flows and Direct Employee time Labor tickets indicate the cost of Employee Time direct labor Employee Time Ticket Employee Time to charge to Employee Ticket Time Ticket jobs Ticket and the cost of indirect labor to charge to Indirect Labor overhead. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Exh. 19-6 JobCost Cost Job Job Cost Sheets Job Cost Sheets Sheets Sheets Factory Overhead Account © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-28 2. Job Order Cost Flows and Reports - Summary of Cost Flows Let’s examine the cost flows in a job order system. We will use T-accounts and start with materials. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-29 Summary of Cost Flows Raw Materials Material Direct Purchases Material Indirect Material Exh. 19-11 Goods in Process Direct Material Factory Overhead Actual Overhead Costs McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-30 Summary of Cost Flows Next let’s add labor costs and applied factory overhead to the job order cost flows. Are you with me? McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-31 Flow of All Job Order Costs Summary of Cost Flows Factory Payroll Incurred Direct Labor Indirect Labor Factory Overhead Actual Overhead Overhead Applied to Costs Work in Process McGraw-Hill/Irwin Exh. 19-11 Goods in Process Direct Material Direct Labor Overhead When Actual Applied factory = factory overhead overhead an adjustment is needed. We will look at how to accomplish this later. / © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-32 Summary of Cost Flows Now let’s complete the goods and sell them. Still with me? McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-33 Summary of Cost Flows Goods in Process Direct Material Direct Labor Overhead Cost of Goods Mfd. Exh. 19-11 Finished Goods Cost of Goods Mfd. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of Goods Sold Cost of Goods Sold McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-34 Job Cost Costing Summary Application 3.Document OverheadFlow and Overhead Indirect Material Indirect Labor Factory Overhead Account Predetermined Overhead Rate Exh. 19-6 Job Cost Sheets Vouchers Adjusting Entries Factory Overhead Account: Temporary Account, accumulate cost until allocated to Jobs Overhead is not directly associate with specific jobs Allocate estimated overhead to jobs with predetermined overhead rate McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-35 Overhead Application Tell me again how we use the POHR to assign overhead to jobs. McGraw-Hill/Irwin We multiply the POHR times the number of activity units (direct labor cost for Road Warriors) incurred for the job. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-36 Overhead Application I don’t get it! Show me an example. McGraw-Hill/Irwin We multiply the POHR times the number of activity units (direct labor cost for Road Warriors) incurred for the job. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-37 Question If FishCo budgets overhead at $200,000 and estimates its activity to be 25,000 direct labor hours for 2005, what is the POHR per direct labor hour? a. b. c. d. McGraw-Hill/Irwin $10.00 per hour $ 6.00 per hour $ 8.00 per hour $12.00 per hour © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-38 Question If FishCo budgets overhead at $200,000 and estimates its activity to be 25,000 direct labor hours for 2005, what is the POHR per direct labor hour? a. b. c. d. McGraw-Hill/Irwin $10.00 per hour $ 6.00 per hour $ 8.00 per hour $12.00 per hour Estimated Overhead Estimated Activity $200,000 25,000 hours POHR = $8.00 per hour © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-39 Question If FishCo actually worked 24,000 direct labor hours for 2005, what amount of overhead would be assigned to jobs in goods in process? a. b. c. d. McGraw-Hill/Irwin $200,000 $192,000 $208,000 $196,000 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-40 Question If FishCo actually worked 24,000 direct labor hours for 2005, what amount of overhead would be assigned to jobs in goods in process? a. b. c. d. McGraw-Hill/Irwin $200,000 $192,000 $208,000 $196,000 24,000 hours × $8.00 per hour = $192,000 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-41 Overhead and Overhead Application Reasons for using a predetermined overhead rate Overhead is not incurred uniformly during the year. Actual overhead rate might vary from month to month. Predetermined rate makes it possible to estimate job costs sooner. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-42 4. Adjusting of Overapplied & Underapplied Overhead The POHR is based on estimates. What happens if actual results differ from the estimates? McGraw-Hill/Irwin The result will be either underapplied or overapplied overhead and we will adjust Cost of Goods Sold at the end of the period. Here, let me show you. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-43 Adjusting of Overapplied & Underapplied Overhead Overhead is overapplied. Actual overhead costs incurred Overhead applied to Work in Process (POHR × Activity) McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-44 Adjusting of Overapplied & Underapplied Overhead Overhead is underapplied. Overhead applied to Work in Process Actual overhead costs incurred McGraw-Hill/Irwin (POHR × Activity) © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-45 Adjusting of Overapplied and Underapplied Overhead Adjusting Cost of Goods Sold for underapplied or overapplied overhead Cost of Goods Overhead is: Sold is: Adjustment will: Actual overhead > applied overhead Underapplied Too low Increase Cost of Goods Sold Actual overhead < applied overhead Overapplied Too high Decrease Cost of Goods Sold McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-46 Question FishCo had actual manufacturing overhead costs of $180,000. FishCo applied $192,000 of manufacturing overhead to jobs based on a POHR of $8.00 per direct labor hour. FishCo’s manufacturing overhead is: a. b. c. d. McGraw-Hill/Irwin $12,000 overapplied. $12,000 underapplied. $96,000 overapplied. $96,000 underapplied. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-47 Question FishCo had actual manufacturing overhead costs of $180,000. FishCo applied $192,000 of manufacturing overhead to jobs based on a POHR of $8.00 per direct labor hour. FishCo’s manufacturing overhead is: a. b. c. d. McGraw-Hill/Irwin $12,000 overapplied. $12,000 Applied underapplied. overhead $96,000 Less overapplied. actual overhead overhead $96,000 Overapplied underapplied. $ 192,000 180,000 $ 12,000 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-48 Question The difference between FishCo's actual and applied overhead will result in an adjustment that decreases cost of goods sold. a. True b. False McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-49 Question The difference between FishCo's actual and applied overhead will result in an adjustment that decreases cost of goods sold. a. True b. False McGraw-Hill/Irwin If overhead is overapplied, cost of goods sold is too high. The adjustment will decrease cost of goods sold. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-50 5. Job Order Costing - Typical Accounting Entries Let’s look at the accounting journal entries for a job order cost system. We’ll omit the numbers so that we can focus on accounts. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-51 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries (Material Purchasing) GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Raw Materials Inventory Accounts Payable Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit XXXXX XXXXX Acquired materials on credit for use in the factory. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-52 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries (Direct Material & Indirect Material Requisition) GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Goods in Process Inventory Raw Materials Inventory Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit XXXXX XXXXX To record use of direct material. Factory Overhead Raw Materials Inventory To record use of indirect materials. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-53 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries (Labor Cost) GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Factory Payroll Cash Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit XXXXX XXXXX To record factory salaries and wages. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-54 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries (Indirect & Direct Labor Cost) GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Goods in Process Factory Payroll Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit XXXXX XXXXX To record direct labor. Factory Overhead Factory Payroll To record indirect labor. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-55 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries (Actual Overhead Incurred) GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Factory Overhead Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit XXXXX Prepaid Insurance XXXXX Accrued Utilities Payable XXXXX Cash XXXXX Accumulated Depreciation XXXXX To record factory overhead items. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-56 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries (Overhead Application) GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Goods in Process Factory Overhead Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit XXXXX XXXXX To apply overhead using a predetermined overhead rate McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-57 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries (Completed Goods transferred to Finished Goods Inventory) GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Finished Goods Inventory Goods in Process Inventory Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit XXXXX XXXXX To record the transfer of completed goods out of production. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-58 Job Order Costing Typical Accounting Entries (Goods Sold and Transferred out of Finished Goods Inventory) GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Cost of Goods Sold Finished Goods Inventory Page 21 Post. Ref. Debit Credit XXXXX XXXXX To record cost of goods sold. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005 19-59 End of Chapter 19 McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005