Pemrograman Internet Mobile
Antonius R.C, S.Kom, M.Cs
M-commerce
E-Commerce
• “A modern business methodology that addresses the
needs of organizations, merchants, and consumers to
cut costs while improving the quality of goods and
services and increasing the speed of service delivery
over the Internet”
• Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan
perniagaan / perdagangan
– Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS
– Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking
• Secara khusus
– Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan
• Disukai? karena kenyamanannya?
Manfaat E-Commerce
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Suatu gerakan baru
Market exposure, melebarkan jangkauan
Menurunkan biaya
Memperpendek waktu product cycle
Meningkatkan customer loyality
Meningkatkan value chain
Tradisional vs Elektronik
• Sulit promosi & akses
pasar
• ketimpangan
persaingan dagang
• paperwork
• ekonomi biaya tinggi
& birokrasi
• prosedur manual
• pasar kurang
kompetitif
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Akses pasar mudah
penilaian independent
paperless
negosiasi &
penawaran standard
• kemudahan
permintaan produk
baru.
• Alur informasi
transparant
• pelayanan interaktif
Jenis E-Commerce
• Business to business (B2B)
– Antra perusahaan, data berulang, eprocurement
• Business to consumer (B2C)
– Retail, pelanggan yang bervariasi, konsep
Portal
• Consumer to consumer (C2C)
– Lelang (auction)
• Government: G2G, G2B, G2C (citizen)
– e-procurement
Pasar Indonesia
• Potensi
– Jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang besar
– Masih banyak yang belum terjangkau oleh Internet
• Jumlah pengguna Internet masih sekitar 5 juta orang
• Orang Indonesia gemar berbicara (tapi kurang suka
menulis / dokumentasi)
• Contoh layanan khas Indonesia
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Wartel & Warnet
SMS
Berganti-ganti handphone (lifestyle?)
Games, kuis
• Peluang bisnis baru yang khas Indonesia
– SMS-based applications
– nonton TV dengan chatting
– Games, kuis
Hambatan / Tantangan
• Internet bust! Hancurnya bisnis Internet
• Infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang masih terbatas
dan mahal
• Delivery channel
• Kultur dan Kepercayaan (trust)
• Security
• Munculnya jenis kejahatan baru
• Ketidakjelasan hukum
• Efek sampingan terhadap kehidupan
Delivery Channel
• Pengiriman barang masih ditakutkan
hilang di jalan. Masih banyak “tikus”
• Ketepatan waktu dalam pengiriman
barang
• Jangkauan daerah pengiriman barang
• Peluang: pengiriman barang yang
terpercaya
Kultur & Kepercayaan
• Orang Indonesia belum (tidak?) terbiasa
berbelanja dengan menggunakan catalog
• Masih harus secara fisik melihat /
memegang barang yang dijual
– Perlu mencari barang-barang yang tidak perlu
dilihat secara fisik. Misal: buku, kaset, …
Kultur & Kepercayaan [2]
• Kepercayaan antara penjual & pembeli
masih tipis
• Kepercayaan kepada pembayaran
elektronik masih kurang.
• Penggunaan kartu kredit masih terhambat
• Peluang: model bisnis yang sesuai
dengan kultur orang Indonesia, membuat
sistem pembayaran baru, pembayaran
melalui pulsa handphone
Security
• Masalah keamanan membuat orang takut
untuk melakukan transaksi
• Persepsi merupakan masalah utama
• Ketidak mengertian (lack of awareness)
merupakan masalah selanjutnya
• Merupakan topik tersendiri ...
Munculnya Jenis Kejahatan Baru
• Penggunaan kartu kredit curian / palsu
• Penipuan melalui SMS, kuis
• Kurangnya perlindungan kepada
konsumen
– Hukum? Awareness?
• Kurangnya kesadaran (awareness) akan
masalah keamanan
Ketidakjelasan Hukum
• Masih belum tuntas status dari
– Digital signature
– Uang digital / cybermoney
– Status hukum dari paper-less transaction
– [de]Regulasi
Efek terhadap kehidupan
• Kemajuan teknologi komputer dan
komunikasi seharusnya meningkatkan
tingkat kualitas hidup kita.
Kenyataannya…
– Bekerja lebih panjang
– Pekerjaan dibawa pulang: no life, single terus
– Melebarnya jurang si kaya dan si miskin
• Siapkah kita menghadapi tantangan yang
tidak dapat kita hindari?
Perangkat Internet
Mobile Commerce: Overview
• Mobile commerce (m-Commerce,
m-Business)—any e-Commerce done in a
wireless environment, especially via the
Internet
– Can be done via the Internet, private
communication lines, smart cards, etc.
– Creates opportunity to deliver new services
to existing customers and to attract new ones
Contoh M-commerce
• Pembayaran tagihan melalui mobile
phones
• Pengenalan suara melalui mobile phones
untuk membeli karcis bioskop
• Pembelian tiket pesawat melalui mobile
phones
• Transfer dana melalui mobile phones
Mobile commerce from the Customer‘s
point of view
• The customer wants to access information, goods
and services any time and in any place on his
mobile device.
• He can use his mobile device to purchase tickets for
events or public transport, pay for parking, download
content and even order books and CDs.
• He should be offered appropriate payment
methods. They can range from secure mobile
micropayment to service subscriptions.
Mobile commerce from the Provider‘s
point of view
• The future development of the mobile
telecommunication sector is heading more and more
towards value-added services. Analysts forecast that
soon half of mobile operators‘ revenue will be earned
through mobile commerce.
• Consequently operators as well as third party providers
will focus on value-added-services. To enable mobile
services, providers with expertise on different sectors
will have to cooperate.
• Innovative service scenarios will be needed that meet
the customer‘s expectations and business models that
satisfy all partners involved.
m-Commerce Terminology
• Generations
– 1G: 1979-1992 wireless technology
– 2G: current wireless technology; mainly
accommodates text
– 2.5G: interim technology accommodates graphics
– 3G: 3rd generation technology (2001-2005)
supports rich media (video clips)
– 4G: will provide faster multimedia display (20062010)
Terminology and Standards
• GPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning System
• PDA: Personal Digital Assistant—handheld
wireless computer
• SMS: Short Message Service
• EMS: Enhanced Messaging Service
• MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service
• WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
• Smart-phones—Internet-enabled cell phones
with attached applications
M-Commerce Infrastructure
Unseen infrastructure requirements
– Suitably configured wireline or wireless WAN
modem
– Web server with wireless support
– Application or database server
– Large enterprise application server
– GPS locator used to determine the location of
mobile computing device carrier
M-commerce Infrastructure
Software
– Micro browser
– Mobile client operating system (OS)
– Bluetooth—a chip technology and WPAN standard
that enables voice and data communications between
wireless devices over short-range radio frequency
(RF)
– Mobile application user interface
– Back-end legacy application software
– Application middleware
– Wireless middleware
Early content and applications have all been geared around information
delivery but as time moves on the accent will be on revenue
generation.
Entertainment
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Music
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Games
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Graphics
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Video
Communications
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Short Messaging
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Multimedia Messaging
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Unified Messaging
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e-mail
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Chat rooms
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Video - conferencing
m-Commerce
Transactions
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Banking
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Broking
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Shopping
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Auctions
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Betting
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Booking &
reservations
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Mobile wallet
Information
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News
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City guides
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Directory Services
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Maps
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Traffic and weather
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Corporate information
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Market data
Mobile Application: Financial Tool
• As mobile devices become more secure
• Mobile banking
• Bill payment services
• Mobile money transfers
• Replace ATM’s and credit cards??
Mobile Applications : Marketing,
Advertising, And Customer Service
• Shopping from Wireless Devices
– Have access to services similar to those of
wireline shoppers
• Shopping carts
• Price comparisons
• Order status
– Future
• Will be able to view and purchase products using
handheld mobile devices
Mobile Applications : Marketing,
Advertising, And Customer Service
• Targeted Advertising
– Using demographic information can
personalize wireless services
(barnesandnoble.com)
– Knowing users’ preferences and surfing habits
marketers can send:
• User-specific advertising messages
• Location-specific advertising messages
Limitations of m-Commerce
• Usability Problem
• small size of mobile devices (screens,
keyboards, etc)
• limited storage capacity of devices
• hard to browse sites
• Technical Limitations
• lack of a standardized security protocol
• insufficient bandwidth
• 3G
Limitations of m-Commerce
• Technical Limitations…
• transmission and power consumption limitations
– poor reception in tunnels and certain buildings
– multi-path interference, weather, and terrain problems
and distance-limited connections
• WAP Limitations
• Speed
• Cost
• Accessibility
Limiting Technological Factors
Networks
•Bandwidth
•Interoperability
•Cell Range
•Roaming
Security
•Mobile Device
•Network
•Gateway
Mobile Middleware
•Standards
•Distribution
Localization
•Upgrade of Network
•Upgrade of Mobile
Devices
•Precision
Mobile Devices
•Battery
•Memory
•CPU
•Display Size
Potential Health Hazards
• Cellular radio signals = cancer?
– No conclusive evidence yet
– mobile devices may interfere with sensitive
medical devices such as pacemakers
Kebutuhan M-Commerce
• Device independence
– M-Commerce harus bisa dijalankan pada platform
mobile device apapun
• Bearer Independence
– Perlu mendukung WAP, SMS, GPRS, dan UMTS
• Security yg handal
• Reliability
– Menjamin bahwa data-data tetap benar, valid, dan
tidak terjadi inkonsistensi data
• Notifications
– Menginformasikan semua kebutuhan ke pengguna
NEXT
• WAP