OTA 106 Knee and Foot Joint
By Kaylee, Jessica and Travis
Bones
Femur:
o Lateral condyle
o Medial condyle
o medial epicondyle
o Lateral epicondyle
o Intercondylar fossa
Patella
o Left or right
Bones cont..
Tibia:
o Lateral condyle
o Medial condyle
o Tibial tuberosity
o Intercondylar
eminence
o Medial malleolus
o Fibular notch
Fibula:
o Head
o Lateral malleolus
Foot
Tarsal (or tarsus) bones:
The Circus Needs More Interesting Little Clowns
o Talus
o Calcaneus
o Navicular
o Cuneiforms:
Medial (first)
o Cuneiforms:
Intermediate (second)
o Cuneiforms:
Lateral (third)
o Cuboid
Foot cont…
Metatarsal bones:
o Numbered 1-5 (big toe side is #1)
Phalangeal bones:
o Toes numbered 1-5 (big toe is #1)
o Proximal
o Middle (Intermediate)
o Distal
* Big toe only has proximal and
distal phalanx
Surface Anatomy
• Knee:
-Popliteal fossa
Surface Anatomy
• Knee
-Patella
Surface Anatomy
• Knee
-Medial head of
Gastronemius
-Lateral head of
Gastronemius
Surface Anatomy
• Knee
-Soleus
Surface Anatomy
• Knee
-Semimembranosus
tendon
-Semitendinosus
tendon
Surface Anatomy
• Knee
-Biceps femoris
tendon
Surface Anatomy
• Knee
-Vastus laterailis
-Vastus medialis
Surface Anatomy
• Foot
-Calcaneal tendon
(Achilles tendon)
Surface Anatomy
• Foot
-Fibularis longus tendon
-Fibularis brevis tendon
Surface Anatomy
• Foot
-Lateral malleolus
-Medial malleolus
Surface Anatomy
• Foot
-Extensor digitorum longus
tendon:
-Extensor halluces longus
tendon:
-Extensor halluces brevis
tendon:
Surface Anatomy
• Foot
-Tibialis anterior tendon
Surface Anatomy
• Foot
-Site of dorsalis pedis
Pulse site on foot
Surface Anatomy
• Great
Saphenous vein
Surface Anatomy
• Arches
-Longitudinal Arch
-Lateral longitudinal arch
-Medial Longitudinal arch
-Transverse arch
Rectus Femoris (11a)
Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Patella via the quadriceps tendon
Action: Extension at the knee and flexion at the
hip
Vastus Medialis (11b)
O: Linea Aspera of femur
I: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity
via patellar ligament
A: Extension at knee
Vastus Laterals (11c)
O: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of the femur
I: : Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament
A: Extension
Vastus Intermedius (11d)
O: Anterior 2/3 and lateral shaft of femur
I: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament
A: Extension
Biceps Femoris (18a and 18b)
O: Long head-Ischial tuberosity, Short
head- linea aspera of femur
I: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of
tibia
A:Long head- Extends hip and flexes
knee. Short head: Flexes knee and
laterally rotates hip and laterally rotates
flexed knee
Semimembranosus (17)
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior medial condyle of tibia
A: Flexes knee, medially rotated flexed knee and
extends hip
Semitendinosus (16)
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Proximal medial shaft of tibia at Pes Anserinus
tendon
A: Flexes knee. Medially rotates flexed knee and
extends hip
Tibialis Anterior (19)
O: lateral condyle, superior lateral 2/3 surface
of tibia, interosseous membrane
I: Medial inferior surface of the 1st cuneiform
and base of 1st metatarsal
A:Dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot, supports
longitudinal arch
Fibularis Longus (22)
O: Head, superior 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: Plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal and 1st
cuneiform
A Everts foot, weakly plantar flexes ankle,
supports transverse
Fibularis Brevis (23)
O: Lateral inferior 2/3 of fibula
I: Dorsal surface of tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
metatarsal
A: Everts foot, weakly plantar flexes ankle,
supports transverse arch
Gastrocnemuis (24a and
24b)
O: Lateral head: Lateral condyle of
femur.
Medial Head: Superior to medial
condyle of femur.
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A:Plantarflexes ankle, flexes leg at
knee
Soleus
O: Posterior head of fibula, posterior
medial tibia
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: Plantarflexes ankle
Ligaments:
Knee
o Anterior cruciate
ligament
o Transverse
ligament
Ligament: Knee cont..
o Tibial collateral
ligament
o Fibular collateral
ligament
o Posterior
cruciate
ligament
Ligament: Knee cont…
o Quadriceps femoris
tendon
o Patellar ligament
Ligaments: Ankle/Foot
o Long plantar ligament
o Short plantar ligament
o Plantar aponeurosis
o Plantar calcaneonavicular
ligament (spring)
Ligaments cont.…
o Anterior tibiofibular ligament
o Posterior tibiofibular ligament
o Extensor retinacula
o Interosseous membrane
o Interosseous tibiofibular
ligament
Cartilage
o Lateral
Meniscus
o Medial
Meniscus
Bursae
o Prepatellar bursa
(Subcutaneous)
o Deep Infrapatellar bursa
o Suprapatellar bursa
o Subcutaneous infrapatellar
bursa
Nerves
o Femoral nerve
o Sciatic nerve
o Tibial nerve
o Superficial fibular
(peroneal) nerve
o Deep fibular (peroneal)
nerve
Branches of the Femoral nerve
Nerve cont…
Femoral nerve:
Roots:
Rectus femoris
L2-L4
Vastus medialis
L2-L4
Vastus lateralis
L2-L4
Vastus intermedius
L2-L4
Biceps femoris
L5, S1 &S2
Nerve cont…
Tibial Nerve:
Roots:
Biceps femoris
L5, S1 & S2
Semitendinosus
L5, S1 & S2
Semimembranosus
L5, S1 &2
Gastrocnemuis
S1-2
Soleus
S1-2
Nerve cont…
Deep Fibular nerve:
Roots:
Tibialis Anteior
L4 &5
Nerve cont…
Superficial Fibular nerve:
Roots:
Fibularis Longus
L5 & S1-2
Fibularis Longus
L5 &S1-2
• Femoral Artery
• Popliteal Artery
• Anterior Tibial
Artery
• Posterior Tibial
Artery
• Tibial Artery
• Dorsalis Pedis
Artery
Arteries
Arteries
• Fibular (Peroneal) Artery
Arteries
• Inferior Gluteal Artery
Arteries
• Lateral circumflex
femoral artery
• Medial circumflex
femoral artery
Veins
• Femoral Vein
• Great Saphenous Vein
• Small Saphenous Vein
• Anterior Tibial Vein
• Posterior Tibial Vein
• Dorsal Venous Arch
Veins
• Popliteal Vein
• Fibular (Peroneal) Vein
• Plantar Arch Vein
Torn ACL
Also called: Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Athletes who participate in high demand
sports like soccer, football, and basketball are
more likely to get injured.
The knee joint is located where the end of the
thigh bone (femur) meets the top of the shin
bone (tibia).
This tear is more common in women responds
differently to certain maneuvers such as
jumps, sudden stops, pivoting and cutting.
Recovering time
may take six to nine
months to return to
full activity
ACL reconstruction
surgery right away
after tear
Physical therapy
and/or occupational
therapy following
surgery is needed.
Torn ACL
In Conclusion
o
Remember the mnemonic The Circus Needs More Interesting Little Clowns for
the foot bones
o
Torn ACL happen most often in women, however they can happen in men as
well
o
For the patella, whichever way it leans when put down on a flat surface with the
point pointed upwards is the side it belongs to
o
o
Calcaneal tendon and Achilles tendon are the same thing
Great saphenous vein is the longest vein in the body, running all the length of leg