Maulik Patel
HCC-BIS Assignment 01
2860889
Contents
IPO Model: .............................................................................................................................................. 1
INPUT: ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Process: ................................................................................................................................................... 3
OUTPUT:.................................................................................................................................................. 4
Various types of Computers: .................................................................................................................. 5
References: ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Reference Book: ...................................................................................................................................... 8
IPO Model:
Definition:
Computer is an electronics data processing device which can accepts and store input data then
processes the input data and generates the output in a required format.
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
(STORAGE)
How its work :

Takes data as a input.

Stores data in its memory and use them when its required.

Process the data and converts it into useful information.

Generates the output.
Information Systems
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Maulik Patel
HCC-BIS Assignment 01
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INPUT:
A computer system accepts data and instruction at the input stage it's called input. Input
devices for example keyboard, mouse ,remote control, touch screen, touchpad ,barcode reader
etc. Input hardware devices those that deal with original data. In digitizing the process of
audio recording , or visual image and converting it to a binary form for the computer and it is
used as data for programs to display , play. Input devices are used to collect and provide the
computer system with instructions or data.
Keyboard:
Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which helps in inputting
data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like a traditional typewriter. In
common keyboard there are some additional keys provided for performing additional
functions. Keyboards are two size 84 keys and 101/102 keys, but nowadays in latest
keyboards it has 104 keys or 108 keys.
Mouse:
Mouse is most popular pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device having
a small palm size box with a round ball at its base which senses the movement of
mouse and sends corresponding signals to CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed.
Generally it has two buttons called left and right button and a wheel is present between
the buttons. Mouse can be used to control the position of cursor on screen, but it
cannot be used to enter text into the computer. Mouse is easy to use and mouse moves the
courser very faster than the aero key of keyboard.
Scanner:
Scanner is an input device which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used
when some information is available on a paper and it is to be transferred to the hard
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Maulik Patel
HCC-BIS Assignment 01
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disc of the computer for further manipulation. Scanner captures images from the
source which are then converted into the digital form that can be stored on the disc.
These images can be edited before they are printed.
Process:
Instruction and data are processed by a Central Processing Unit (CPU). A CPU is the
computer system's brain which can transform data from input devices into physical action
as a output.
CPU
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs
all type of data processing operations and its stores data, instructions like a program,
intermediate results. It also control the operation of all parts of computer. CPU itself has three
components Memory or Storage Unit , Control unit and Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU).
Memory or Storage Unit can store instructions , data and intermediate results. This unit
supplies information to the other units of the computer when it is needed. All inputs and
outputs are transmitted through main memory.
Control Unit controls the operation of all parts of computers but does not carry out actual data
processing operations. This unit is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and
instruction among other units of a computer and its manages all the units of the computer but
it does not process or store any kind of data.
Arithmetic Logic Unit has two subsections like Arithmetic section and Logic section.
Arithmetic section n is to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division. All complex operations are done by making repetitive use of
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HCC-BIS Assignment 01
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above operations. Logical section n is to perform logic operations such as comparing,
selecting, matching and merging of data.
OUTPUT:
Output devices are hardware devices that present or display information to the user. The
monitor, printers and speakers are one of the examples. Output from the system which is the
result of processing the input. Output of an information system may be reports generated by
an information system, or a picture, video on a computer screen or even data that is fed into
another external device. Output units store and display information like a calculated results
and other messages for us to see and use. For example Cathode ray tube (CTR) streams of
electrons make phosphors glow on a large vacuum tube. Windows machines need special
audio card for audio output and audio output is useful for music.
Monitor:
The monitor is a visual display device to present output data in the form of graphics, text or
video on the monitor screen.
Printers:
Printers is an output device , which is used to print information on paper. There are several
kinds of printers such as ink jet, dot-matrix and laser jet printers etc.
Speaker:
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Maulik Patel
HCC-BIS Assignment 01
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It is a one kind of output devices and its very popular device in the world. It is an output
devices for sounds music, audio from movies and computer alerts are heard from this device.
There are several speaker system for computer, from simple 2 piece system to 5 and more
speakers such as headphones, earphones, DJ speakers etc.
Various types of Computers:

Supercomputers

Mainframe computers

Minicomputers

Professional Workstation computers

Personal Computers
Supercomputers:
Supercomputers are one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers
are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense
amount of mathematical calculations (number crunching). For example, weather
forecasting, scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations,
nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in
petrochemical prospecting).
Mainframe Computers:
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Mainframe is very large in size and is an expensive computer capable of supporting
hundreds or even thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframe executes many programs
concurrently and supports many simultaneous execution of programs.
Minicomputers:
It is a midsize computer. In the past decade, the distinction between large
minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the
distinction between small minicomputers and workstations. But in general, a
minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from up to
200 users simultaneously.
Professional Workstation computers:
Workstation is a computer used for professional office work applications like CAD/CAM, Virtual
DJ ,Adobe Photoshop ,software development, desktop publishing and other such types of
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applications which require a moderate amount of computing power, speed and extremely high
quality graphics capabilities. Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics
screen, large amount of RAM, inbuilt network support, and a graphical user interface. Most
workstations also have a mass storage device such as a disk drive, but a special type of
workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive. For example any VDJ
artist need high resolution card to make extremely high resolution video or edit video
Personal Computers:
A Personal Computer(PC) can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer
designed for particular an individual user. PCs are based on the microprocessor
technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use
personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and forerunning
spreadsheet and database management applications. At home, the most popular use for
personal
computers is playing games, surfing internet, listening to music, watching movie etc.
Personal computers are designed as single-user systems, these systems are
normally linked together to form a network. In terms of power, now-a-days High-end
models of the Macintosh and PC offer the same computing power and graphics
capability as low-end workstations by Apple, Sun Microsystems, HP, and Dell.
In Personal there are different type such as Desktop, Laptop, Notepad, Tablet.
In my opinion i think nowadays people prefer Laptop and tablet as a personal computers
at home or on work place and now pc's are getting more powerful like as a processer
point of view core i3-i5-i7 with high graphics card and RAM.
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References:
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_types.htm
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm
www.google.com
Reference Book:
Business Information System - Fourth Edition
Technology, Development & Management
Authors: Paul Bocij Andrew Greasley Simon Hickie
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