Chapter 7 – Editing and Coding
Standards
• Numeric field types
– Numeric
– Numeric-edited
• Use these only for the fields you define for
printing purposes
Figure 7.1 Comparison of Outputs (a)
STUDENT NAME
SMITH
JAMES
BAKER
PART-TIMER
JONES
HEAVYWORKER
LEE
CLARK
GROSSMAN
FRANKEL
BENWAY
KERBEL
CREDITS
JB
HR
SR
JR
PL
HM
BL
JC
SE
LF
CT
NB
15
15
09
03
15
18
18
06
07
10
03
04
TUITION
003000
003000
001800
000600
003000
003600
003600
001200
000600
002000
000600
000800
-------024500
UNION FEE ACT FEE
025
000
000
025
025
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
------0075
075
075
050
025
075
075
075
025
025
050
025
025
------0625
(a) Without Editing
SCHOLARSHIP
00000
00000
00500
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00250
00000
-------000750
TOTAL BILL
003100
003075
001350
000650
003100
003675
003675
001225
001450
002050
000375
000825
--------024550
Figure 7.1 Comparison of Outputs (b)
STUDENT NAME
SMITH
JAMES
BAKER
PART-TIMER
JONES
HEAVYWORKER
LEE
CLARK
GROSSMAN
FRANKEL
BENWAY
KERBEL
LUCKY ONE
CREDITS
JB
HR
SR
JR
PL
HM
BL
JC
SE
LF
CT
NB
FR
15
15
9
3
15
18
18
6
7
10
3
4
9
TUITION
$3,000
$3,000
$1,800
600
$3,000
$3,600
$3,600
$1,200
600
$2,000
600
800
$1,800
-------$26,400
UNION FEE ACT FEE
$25
$25
$25
------$75
$75
$75
$50
$25
$75
$75
$75
$25
$25
$50
$25
$25
$50
------$675
(b) With Editing
SCHOLARSHIP
$500
$250
$2,000
-------$2,750
TOTAL BILL
$3,100
$3,075
$1,350
$650
$3,100
$3,675
$3,675
$1,225
$1,450
$2,050
$375
$825
$150CR
--------$24,400
• Editing characters
– Decimal point
•
•
•
•
Actual decimal point
Implied decimal point
05 Field-A
PIC 9v99.
05 Field-A-Edited PIC 9.99.
– Zero suppression
• Gets rid of the left side zeros
• 05 FIELD-B
PIC 9(5).
• 05 FIELD-B-EDITED PIC ZZZZ9.
– Dollar sign
• Fixed
– 05 FIELD-D
PIC 9(4).
– 05 FIELD-D-EDITED PIC $ZZZ9.
• Floating
– 05 FIELD-D-EDITED
PIC $$$$9.
– Receiving field must be one character bigger than
the sending field
– Comma
• 05 FIELD-E
PIC 9(4).
• 05 FIELD-E-EDITED PIC $$,$$9.
• In this example 2 extra spaces needed
– Check protection
• Used when printing a check to avoid blank spaces
between a fixed dollar sign and first digit.
• 05 FIELD-G-EDITED PIC $**,**9.
– Insertion characters
•
•
•
•
/, BLANK (B), 0
Printed exactly where they appear in the PIC statement
05 FIELD-H
PIC 9(6).
05 FIELD-H-EDITED PIC 99/99/99.
• Signed numbers
– Require a ‘S’ in the PIC clause – signed field
• FIELD-A PIC S99 VALUE - 20
– Default is positive if no ‘S’ even if the result of a calculation is
negative.
– CR and DB symbols
• Credit and debit
• Treats them identically
• Only shows CR or DB if value is negative
– Plus and minus signs
• BLANK WHEN ZERO clause
– Use after a PIC clause
• 05 UNION-FEE PIC
$$$9.99 BLANK WHEN ZERO.
Table 7.1 Editing Characters
CHARACTER
MEANING
CHARACTER
MEANING
.
Actual decimal point
B
Blank
Z
Zero suppression
/
Slash
$
Dollar sign
CR
Credit character
,
Comma
DB
Debit character
*
Check protection
+
Plus sign
0
Zero
-
Minus sign
Table 7.3 CR and DB Editing Characters
SOURCE FIELD
PICTURE
a.
b.
c.
d.
S9(5)
S9(5)
S9(5)
S9(5)
VALUE
98765
-98765
98765
-98765
RECEIVING FIELD
PICTURE
VALUE
$$$,999CR
$$$,999CR
$$$,999DB
$$$,999DB
$98,765
$98,765CR
$98,765
$98,765DB
Table 7.4 Floating Plus and Minus Sign
SOURCE FIELD
PICTURE
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
S9(4)
S9(4)
S9(4)
S9(4)
S9(4)
S9(4)
S9(4)
S9(4)
VALUE
1234
0123
-1234
1234
0123
-1234
1234
-1234
RECEIVING FIELD
PICTURE
VALUE
++,+++
++,+++
++,+++
--,----,----,--ZZ,ZZ9+
ZZ,ZZ9-
+1,234
+123
-1,234
1,234
123
-1,234
1,234+
1,234-
• Coding standards
– If someone else must edit your program
– Data division
• Meaningful data names
– X or IN-EMPLOYEE-NAME
• Consistent data name prefixes
– Within the same record (01) or File Descriptor (FD)
– IN-… WS-…
• Column alignment of picture clauses
– This helps check that the PIC clause is correct
• Standard format for picture clause
– PIC, PICTURE, PIC IS use only one
• Consistent indentation of level numbers
• Avoidance of 77-level entries
• Procedure division
– Development of functional paragraphs
• Useful names, READ-FILE, WRITE-HEADING
– Sequencing of paragraph names
• 100-WRITE-HEADER, 200-READ-FILE
• Used to locate paragraph header quickly
– Avoidance of commas
– Use scope terminators
• Ex, END-IF, END-READ
– Consistent indentation
• Readability
– Use of Spaces
– Avoidance of literals or constants in the procedure
division
– Don’t over comment
• Use care when commenting
• Make the PIC clause: Page 191
– 1.a Floating $, omission of cents, printing of
commas, max value of $9,999,999
– c. fixed dollar sign, zero suppression of
insignificant leading zeros, no commas, max value
of $99,999.99
– d. floating $, use of commas, max value of
$9,999.00 and trailing CR if negative.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
9(6)
9(6)
9(6)
9(4)V99
9(4)V99
9(4)V99
9(4)V99
9(6)
9(6)
9(4)V99
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
9(6)
9(8)
9(6).99
9(6)
9(4)
$$$$$9.99
$$$,$$9.99
$$$$,$$9.99
Z(8)
$ZZZ,ZZZ.99
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
S9(4)V99
S9(4)V99
S9(4)
S9(6)
S9(6)
S9(6)
S9(6)
S9(6)
9(4)V99
9(4)V99
9(4)V99
45600 $$$$$.99CR
45600 $$,$$$.99DB
4567
$$,$$$.00
122577 99B99B99
123456 ++++,+++
-123456 ++++,+++
123456 ----,---123456 ----,--567890 $$$$,$$$.99
567890 $ZZZ,ZZZ.99
567890 $***,***.99