Child Trafficking
Educator’s Training
A Call to Action
Overview
I. Introduction to the Issue
II. Tools for Educators
III. Call to Action – What You Can Do
Introduction to Issue
About ECPAT-USA
History
Discussion
● What is Human
Trafficking?
“One of the great human rights causes of our
time.”
- President Obama, 2012 Clinton Global
Initiative
Overview: Human Trafficking
Globally
Human Trafficking Globally
● Human Trafficking is second
largest – and fastest
growing – criminal industry
in the world.
● The International Labour
Organization estimates that
Profits from Forced Labour
are $150 billion per year; $99
billion from commercial
sexual exploitation
Source: UNODC
Overview: Human Trafficking
Domestically
Source: Polaris Project
Human Trafficking Domestically
● Sex trafficking accounted for
82% of reported human
trafficking incidents in the
United States between January
2008 and June 2010;
● Labor trafficking accounted
for 11% of incidents; and
● Other/unknown forms of
human trafficking made up the
remaining 7%.
Overview: Child Trafficking
Generally
Child Trafficking Globally
Child Trafficking Domestically
● 1.2 million children
● 45% of CSEC victims in New
worldwide are trafficked.
York City were exploited in
● 27% of all victims of human
hotels.
trafficking are children
● 95% of all trafficking victims
(between 2007-2010), this is experience physical and
a 7% increase (from 2003sexual violence.
2006).
International Law
Three Elements of Human Trafficking
International Law (cont’d)
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child
pornography
● Article 1: States Parties shall prohibit the sale of children,
child prostitution and child pornography as provided for by
the present Protocol.
● Article 2 (b): Child prostitution means the use of a child in
sexual activities for remuneration or any other form of
consideration;
Child Trafficking = Gross Violation of Human Rights
U.S. Federal Law
Severe Forms of Trafficking
● (A) sex trafficking in which commercial sex is induced by force,
fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform
such act has not attained 18 years of age;
● (B) the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or
obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of
force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to
involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. (22
U.S.C. 7102(9))
U.S. Federal Law (cont’d)
Under 18 + Commercial Sex Act = Victim of Human
Trafficking
Commercial Sex Act Definition
• The term “commercial sex act” means any sex act on
account of which anything of value is given to or
received by any person. (22 U.S.C 7102 (4))
Child Trafficking in the United
States
● An estimated 300,000 American
children are at risk for commercial
sexual exploitation every year.
● Typical age of entry into “the life” is
between 12-14 for girls.
● Typical age of entry for boys is
between 11-13 years of age.
● Some estimate that 50% of the
commercially sexually exploited
children in the U.S. are boys.
What is Commercial Sexual
Exploitation
Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)
● Term that covers the various methods of how children
are abused, most typically for the financial gain of a
third party but not always, and includes prostitution,
pornography, sex tourism, ‘survival sex’, and other
forms of human trafficking and exploitation.
What I Have Been Through is
Not Who I Am
Discussion
• What does a trafficked child look like?
• Introduction and discussion of film clip.
Tools for Educators
1. Trafficking Indicators
1. Trafficking Risk Factors
2. Case Study
Trafficking Indicators for
Educators
● Inability to attend school on
a regular basis and/or has
unexplained absences;
● Frequently runs away from
home;
● Makes references to
frequent travel to other
cities;
● Exhibits bruises or other
signs of physical trauma,
withdrawn behavior,
depression, anxiety, or fear.
● Lacks control over his or her
schedule and/or identification
or travel documents;
● Is hungry, malnourished,
deprived of sleep, or
inappropriately dressed for
weather or surroundings;
● Shows signs of drug addiction
● Has coached/rehearsed
responses to questions.
Trafficking Indicators: Labor
Additional signs that may indicate labor trafficking
include
● Expresses need to pay off a debt;
● Expresses concern for family members’ safety if he or
she shares too much information;
● Works long hours and receives little or no payment.
Trafficking Indicators: Sex
Additional signs that may indicate sex trafficking include
● Demonstrates a sudden change in attire, personal hygiene,
relationships, or material possessions;
● Acts uncharacteristically promiscuous and/or makes
references to sexual situations or terminology that are beyond
age-specific norms;
● Has a “boyfriend” or “girlfriend” who is noticeably older;
● Attempts to conceal recent scars.
Sex Trafficking Indicators:
Terminology
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
The Life/The Game: commercial sex industry
Bottom B****/Bottom Girl: the head girl
Daddy: trafficker
John: purchaser of sex/client
Track: street location for commercial sex
Turnout:person who recruits you into the life
Square: those who were never in the life
Sex Trafficking Indicators:
Branding
•Pimps use tattoos to brand
their victims.
•Tattoos often refer to the girls
as a money maker or make
reference to the trafficker.
•Ex: Daddy’s Money Maker,
C-Lo’s Ho
Sex Trafficking Risk Factor:
Technology
● Traffickers use social media and
the internet to exploit children.
● The lack of enforcement on the
Internet allows internet users
(including Traffickers and Johns)
to be anonymous
● “At any given time, there are an
estimated 750,000 child
predators online-and they all
have a key to your house via the
Internet”
–Assistant Director of FBI
Case Study
Overview of Case
● A.A. arrested at the age of 17 for prostitution and
potentially has a history of sex trafficking.
Discussion
● Risk Factors Identified?
● Other Indicators Identified?
● Was A.A. a victim of child trafficking?
● Was A.A. a victim of child trafficking when arrested?
Call to Action – What You
Can Do
1. Educate Yourself and Your Students
1. Help Advocates Pass New Laws
1. Engage the Youth
Call to Action: Educate Yourself &
Students
Educate Yourself and Students
● Information on human trafficking can be found on the following websites:
● ECPAT-USA – www.ecpatusa.org
● Department of Homeland Security -http://www.dhs.gov/bluecampaign/share-resources
● National Center for Missing and Exploited Children http://www.missingkids.com/
● Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools Technical
Assistance Center http://rems.ed.gov/display.aspx?page=additional_resources_Exploita
tion-HumanTrafficking
● Sample Lesson Plan (handout)
● Sample Activities (handout)
Call to Action: Help Advocates
Pass New Laws
Legislative Call to Action
● Review ECPAT-USA Legislative Priorities:
● Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act (S.1738)
● Strengthening the Child Welfare Response to
Trafficking Act of 2014 (H.R. 4636)
● What You Can Do:
● Call Your Representative and Senators
● Write letters/emails
Call to Action: Engage the Youth
Partner with the ECPAT-USA Youth Committee
Engagement
Trafficker’s Control Over Victim
Healthy v. Unhealthy Relationships
Student Reactions
•
"I didn't know that traffickers were intelligent. This presentation helped me because now
I'm more aware of what is going on.”
•
"One thing that was new to me was that pimps will always have another way to manipulate
you into their business besides hitting or forcing you, and that victims can be male or
female."
•
"This presentation told me that females can also be traffickers, and that men can also be
victims.”
•
"Abuse may be a contributing factor to becoming trafficked."
•
"I didn't know that there are millions of people trapped worldwide in human trafficking, and
that human trafficking occurs on the internet and outside.”
•
"I learned that trafficking can happen to anyone."
How to Report a Suspected Case
●
●
●
Police: 911: In cases of immediate
emergencies, call the local police
department.
National Center for Missing and Exploited
Children: 800-THE-LOST: The CyberTipline
can be used to report crimes against
children:
● Possession, manufacture, and
distribution of child pornography
● Online enticement of children for sexual
acts
● Child prostitution
●
● Extra familial child sexual molestation
● Unsolicited obscene material sent to a
child
National Human Trafficking Resource
Center (NHTRC): 888-3737-888: The
NHTRC is a national, toll-free hotline,
available to answer calls from anywhere in
the country, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
every day of the year.
● Call (1) to report a tip;
● (2) to connect with anti-trafficking
services in your area; or
● (3) to request training and technical
assistance, general information or
specific anti-trafficking resources.
Department of Homeland Security: 866347-2423: Report suspicious human
trafficking activity to law enforcement 24
hours a day, 7 days a week.
Thank You
Please contact ECPAT-USA for additional information.
● Visit: www.ecpatusa.org
● Email: info@ecpatusa.org
● Youth Engagement: Genna Goldsobel,
genna@ecpatusa.org
● Federal Policy and Advocacy: Faiza Mathon-Mathieu,
fmathonmathieu@ecpatusa.org