Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation
Using the EOS Family of Products
By: M. Tony Lieberman and Jim Cuthbertson
April 19, 2011
YOUR NATURAL SOLUTIONS
Patented Methods for In Situ Bioremediation
Slide 2
About EOS Remediation
 U.S.-based
bioremediation
company
 Proven
products
used worldwide

Green states & provinces - EOS® implemented
Every continent
except Antarctica
www.EOSRemediation.com
Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 3
Our Family of Soil and Groundwater
Bioremediation Products
Category
Product Name
EOS
AquaBupH ®
EOS® 550LS
VOS (under development)
Chlorinated Solvents
Perchlorate
Chromate
Explosives
Radionuclides
Acid Mine Drainage
EAS™
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
EOx™
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
BAC-9™
Chlorinated Solvents
ENV-TCA20™
Chlorinated Alkanes
PJKS-1™
Chlorinated Solvents
®
Biostimulation
(Anaerobic)
Biostimulation
(Aerobic)
Bioaugmentation
Target Contaminants
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 4
Enhanced Anaerobic Bioremediation
Using EOS® Family Products
 What

is In Situ Bioremediation
Microbial processes
 EOx™
 EOS® and
EOS® 550LS
 Bac-9™
 AquaBupH ®
 EAS™
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 5
In Situ Bioremediation
In Situ
Bio
Remediation
In Place
Microbial
Method to
Fix
Biological agents (bacteria, fungi, plants, or their enzymes) used to
clean up pollution in the environment.
Reference: Lisa Alvarez-Cohen, Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of California, Berkeley, Earth Science Division, LBNL
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 6
Applying In Situ Bioremediation

Natural Attenuation – biotransformation occurs
naturally: indigenous microbes present, substrates &
nutrients present (can be Monitored Natural Attenuation MNA).

Biostimulation / bioenhancement - indigenous
microbes present, but substrates &/or nutrients must be
added to foster bioactivity.

Bioaugmentation – indigenous microbes not present,
so organisms are added.
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 7
Why Bioremediation?
 Remediation




Costs:
Enhanced Bioremediation $29/yd3
Thermal Treatment $88/yd3
Chemical Oxidation $125/yd3
Surfactant Co-solvent Flushing $385/yd3
From: McDade, Travis, and Newell, 2005. Analysis of DNAPL sourcedepletion costs at 36 field sites. Remediation Journal 15, 9-18.
www.EOSRemediation.com
Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 8
How Does It Work?
•
•
Growth-Promoting Biological Reduction
Aerobic or Anaerobic
+
+
Electron Donor
(Food)
Electron Acceptor
(something to breathe)
[O2, NO3, SO4, TCE,
etc.]
EOx™
Energy
Waste Products
[CO2, N2, FeS2, Cl-]
(Drawing Modified from AFCEE and Wiedemeier)
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 9
Products for Aerobic Oxidation
 EOx
- Aerobic Bioremediation of
Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic
Solvents
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 10
An Oxygen Releasing Compound for
Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation
 Time-release
metal peroxide (CaO2)
 Accelerates bioremediation of aerobically
degradable contaminants
 Reaction generates oxygen
CaO2 + 2H2O → ½ O2↑ + Ca(OH)2 + H2O
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 11
An Oxygen Releasing Compound for
Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation

Controlled release of
oxygen 

Accelerates
biodegradation by
promoting activity of
indigenous aerobic
microorganisms.
Results in a higher
level of sustained
bioactivity and
increased contaminant
removal.
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 12
An Oxygen Releasing Compound for
Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation

EOx™ Applications:


Direct application of
EOx™ powder or water
slurry in excavations
EOx™ and water slurry
injection for source
treatment or permeable
reactive barriers (PRBs)
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Case Study
Industrial Facility Indianapolis, IN
YOUR NATURAL SOLUTIONS
Patented Methods for In Situ Bioremediation
Slide 14
Industrial Facility Indianapolis, IN
Site Map Courtesy of Holly Parsons, L.P.G., American Environmental
Corporation
www.EOSRemediation.com
Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 15
Microbial Results
Approximately 4 months after the EOx™
application
 MW-3R (impacted well in EOx™ treated zone)
 MW-5 (impacted well, upgradient of EOx™
application)

CENSUS® Assay
Phenol Hyrdoxylase
(PHE)
Toluene Dioxygenase
(TOD)
MW-5
MW-3R
Units
1.39E+02
2.79E+02
cells/ml
1.10E+07
3.06E+07
cells/ml
Analytical Data Courtesy of Holly Parsons, L.P.G., American
Environmental Corporation
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 16
Analytical Results
MW-5
Naphthalene
TPH GRO
TPH ERO
TPH DRO
RISC RDCL
8.3
1100
100
260
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
11/6/2008
103
8100
5900
NS
4/24/2009
20.8
4600
2700
NS
9/2/2009
127
3700
NS
2400
9/15/2010
EOx™ Application
11/24/2008
<5.0
<200
NS
160
2/2/2010
<1.0
<200
NS
140
5/13/2010
<5.0
<200
NS
250
MW-3R
MTBE
TPH GRO
TPH ERO
TPH DRO
RISC RDCL
40
1100
100
260
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
11/6/2008
63.3
<200
230
NS
4/24/2009
6.2
<200
200
NS
9/2/2009
23.9
<200
NS
140
9/15/2010
EOx™ Application
11/24/2008
11.5
<200
NS
460
2/2/2010
11.5
<200
NS
100
5/13/2010
<4.0
<200
NS
120
Analytical Data Courtesy of Holly Parsons, L.P.G., American
Environmental Corporation
www.EOSRemediation.com
Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 17
Conclusions
 Dissolved
oxygen results still remain
evaluated 11 months after treatment
 IDEM dropped groundwater sampling
requirements for the site
 Site is currently seeking closure with an
Environmental Restrictive Covenant
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Case Study
Courtesy of J & L Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.
Taiwan
YOUR NATURAL SOLUTIONS
Patented Methods for In Situ Bioremediation
Slide 19
Case Study: Service Station,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
9
8
9
2
9
5
(empty)
30K 30K
L
L

30KL
Hydrogeology



Water level: 1.5~2 m bgs
GW flow to SSE
Silty Sand (K ~ x104)
Way
out
Way
in
2733.47
0
5
10m
⊕ Pipe leak detector in oil storage tank area
● Pipe leak detector in piping and service area
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 20
Target Contaminant – Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
•
Soil sample at S1
98
TPH: 2,303 mg/kg
TPH-g: 283 mg/kg
TPH-d: 2,020 mg/kg
92
S1
95
(empty)
30KL 30KL
30KL
Depth: 1.5~3m bgs
•
Taiwan Soil Pollution
Control Standard
TPH: 1,000 mg/kg
Way
out
Way in
2733.47
0
5
10 m
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 21
Remediation Activities
 EOx™

Slurry Preparation
EOx™ powder : Water = 1:10 (by wt)
 Geoprobe

Injection depth 1.5~3.0m bgs
 1st

Round Injection on 4/15/2009 (3.a)
2 points: 50kg-EOx™ each point.
 2nd

Direct Push
Round Injection on 9/16/2009 (3.b)
2 points: 50kg-EOx™ each point.
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 22
1st Injection
April 15, 2009

Two injection points
E1 : S1 Source Area
E2 : Downgradient
98
92
S1
95
E1
30KL
(empty)
30KL
30KL
E2
Way out
Way in
2733.47
■ Injection point
0
5
10 m
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 23
Initial Injection
Performance
Monitoring
98

92
June 24th 2009
(2 months after
injection)
1st
S1
95
E1
S01
30KL
(empty)
30KL
30KL


Collected samples at
S01 & S02
S02
E2
Analyzed for:

TPH

BTEX
Way out
Way in
2733.47
0
■ Injection point
■ Sampling point
5
10 m
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 24
1st Round Results

TPH at both S01 and S02 are below the standard.



S01: TPH has been reduced from 2,303 mg/kg to non-detect (<60 mg/kg).
S02: TPH was able to meet the standard, but still contaminant was there (<474
mg/kg).
Implemented the 2nd round injection work at S02 area.
Analytes
&
Soil Sample No.
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
5
500
250
500
S01
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.30
<10.0
<50.0
S02
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.30
<10.0
464
Soil Pollution Control
Standards
Jun 24th
2009
Analytical values（mg/kg）
TPH-g
TPH-d
1000
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 25

2nd Injection
September 16, 2009
Two injection points
E3 : S02 Area
E4 : Downgradient
98
92
S1
95
E1
S01
30KL
(empty)
30KL
30KL
S02
E3
E2
E4
Way out
Way in
2733.47
■ Injection point (1st )
■ Injection point (2nd)
■ Sampling point (1st)
0
5
10 m
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 26
Second Injection
Performance
Monitoring
98
92

December 9th 2009
(3 months after 2nd
injection)
S1
S05’
E1
S01
S04’
95
30KL
(empty)
30KL
30KL


Collected samples
at S01’, S02’, S03’,
S04’ & S05’
S02
E3
S01’
S03’
E2
S02’
E4
Analyzed for:

TPH

BTEX
Way out
Way in
2733.47
■ Injection point (1st )
■ Sampling point (1st)
■ Injection point (2nd)
■ Sampling point (2nd)
0
5
10 m
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 27
2nd Round Results

TPH at all the five sampling points are reduced
to non-detect (<50 mg/kg).

EOx™ helped clean the soil and reach site closure in a year.
Analytical values（mg/kg）
Analytes
&
Soil Sample No.
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
Soil Pollution Control Standards
5
500
250
500
<0.10
<0.10
<0.30
<10.0
<50.0
S01’
Dec 9th 2009
TPH-g
TPH-d
1000
S02’
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.30
<10.0
<50.0
S03’
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.30
<10.0
<50.0
S04’
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.30
<10.0
<50.0
S05’
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.30
<10.0
<50.0
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 28
Summary
4 drums of EOx™ (50 kg per point)
were used for remediation.
 No rebound was observed.
 EOx™ helped clean the soil and reach site
closure in a year.
 Total
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 29
Products for Anaerobic
Reductive Processes
 EOS®
 EOS ®
550LS
 AquaBuph™
 BAC 9™
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 30
What is the Emulsified Oil
Substrate (
) Technology?

Product that creates conditions conducive for
anaerobic biodegradation.
 Delivers an organic substrate into the
subsurface to:



Stimulate microbial growth.
Develop an anaerobic groundwater treatment zone.
Generate hydrogen through fermentation reactions.
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 31
Anaerobic Fermentation
Soybean oil ferments to acetic acid and hydrogen
C56H100O6 (soybean oil1) + 50 H2O -B->
-B-> 28 CH3COOH (acetic acid) + 44 H2
1Represents
weighted average of
constituent fatty acids and glycerol.
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 32
Patented, Field-Proven and Validated as
a Cost-Effective Innovative Technology
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 33
EOS® and EOS ® 550LS

Large % slow release substrate




Small % easily biodegradable
substrate



Emulsified soybean oil
Small, uniform droplets
Negative surface charge to
reduce capture by sediments
Lactate (EOS®)
Low salt substrate (EOS® 550LS)
Micronutrients



Amino acids
Trace nutrients
Vitamins
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 34
Contaminants that can be Treated
with EOS® and EOS ® 550LS

Chlorinated Organics




Energetic materials





Ethenes (PCE, TCE)
Ethanes (TCA)
Methanes (CT)
Perchlorate (ClO4-), RDX,
TNT, etc.
Nitrate (NO3-)
Heavy metals
Radionuclides (TcO4-,
UO2+2)
Acid rock drainage
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 35
What is Bioaugmentation?

Addition of high performance microbial cultures capable
of degrading target contaminants.


Exogenous to the site
Indigenous to the site

Specialized anaerobic bacteria able to degrade
chlorinated solvents and their daughter products
(e.g., PCE, TCE, cis-1,2-DCE, VC).

Specialized bacteria able to degrade petroleum
hydrocarbons.
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 36
Role of
in Chlorinated Ethene
Bioremediation
Can accumulate if DHC are
absent or wrong strain
PCE
Cl
Cl
C
Cl
cis-1,2-DCE
TCE
H+
Cl
Cl
C
C
Cl
Cl
Cl-
H+
Cl
Cl
C
C
H
H
Cl-
Dehalobacter
Dehalospirillum
Desulfitobacterium
Desulfuromonas
+Dehalococcoides
Vinyl Chloride
H+
H
C
Cl
C
H
H
Cl-
Ethene
H+
H
H
C
C
H
H
C
H
Cl-
Dehalococcoides
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 37
Degradation of a PCE (5 ppm)
and TCA (5 ppm) Mixture
40
TCA
PCE
1,1-DCA
VC
CA
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
5
10
15
20 25
Time (d)
30
35
40
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Slide 38
pH Effects on DHC
pH=7.0
pH=6.5
pH=6.0
pH=5.5 & 8.0
.
Vainberg, S., R.J. Steffan, R. Rogers, T. Ladaa, D. Pohlmann and
D. Leigh, 2006. Production and Application of Large-Scale Cultures
for Bioaugmentation, The Fifth International Remediation of
Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds Conference, Monterey,
CA.
Ashley Eaddy, 2008 Scale-Up and Characterization of an Enrichment
Culture for Bioaugmentation of the P-Area Chlorinated Ethene Plume at the
Savannah River Site. M.S. Thesis, Clemson University.
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Slide 39
Aquifer Geochemistry and pH

Sources of acidity



Naturally-occurring acidity
Acids released fermentation and dechlorination
Aquifer responses



Carbonate dissolution
Proton exchange with clays
Reduction of other electron acceptors
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 40
Common Bases
Base
Formula
MW
OHper
Mole
Hydrated
Lime
Ca(OH)2
74.1
2
OHper
Kg
pH
Solubility
(g/L)
Comments
27.0
12.4
1.85
Low Solubility
Caustic
Soda
NaOH
39.9
1
25.0
14
1,100
Safety, Potential to
overshoot pH and
kill aquifer
Soda Ash
Na2CO3
106
2
18.9
11.7
300
CO2 degassing
Baking
Soda
NaHCO3
84
1
11.9
8.3
78
CO2 degassing
Limestone
CaCO3
100
1
10.0
8.3
0.02
Low Solubility,
Weak Buffer
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 41
Buffering Solution
 AquaBupH®

Oil emulsion containing particulate buffer
• pH ~9
• Safe to handle, injectable liquid
• Low sodium content
• Provides long-term pH stabilization
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Case Study
Courtesy of Solutions-IES, Inc., Raleigh, NC
YOUR NATURAL SOLUTIONS
Patented Methods for In Situ Bioremediation
Slide 43
Case Study: Naval Weapons Station,
Charleston, SC

Lithology




Hydraulic Conductivity



K = 5.2 to 8.3 ft/day
Nearly flat hydraulic gradient
Groundwater








Sandy Clay to ~ 8 ft
Clayey Sand : 8 – 16 ft
Cooper Marl at 16 ft
TCE = 10 to 28 mg/L
cis-1,2-DCE = 0.2 to 0.4 mg/L
Nitrate < 0.5 mg/L
Dissolved iron = 30 to 80 mg/L
Sulfate = 60 to 100 mg/L
TOC = <1.5 mg/L
pH = ~6.3
20’x20’ Pilot test
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 44
Monitoring Results
100
50
370
461
678
370
461
678
678
265
150
100
50
0
-49
13
250
104
180
265
17PS-03
200
150
100
50
265
0
180

Little additional
degradation after ~678
days
No significant VC or
ethene production
180
17PS-02
200
-49

Molar Conc. (µM)
Initial conversion of
TCE  cis-DCE
104
250
Molar Conc. (µM)

13
461
-49
370
0
104
EOS® injected as the
electron donor
17PS-01
150
13

Molar Conc. (µM)
200
Days since Initial Injection
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 45
AquaBupH® Injected at Day 866

Groundwater


pH increased to 8.8
then decreased
to ~ 5.5 to 6.1
Sediment

pH increased ~ 6.4 to 7.7
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 46
461
678
859
944
1055
461
678
859
944
1055
461
678
859
944
1055
370
265
180
104
13
-49
370
265
180
104
13
250
17PS-03
200
150
100
50
370
265
0
180

cis  VC
50 – 200 µg/L ethene
produced
17PS-02
104

TCE  cis-DCE
0
13

Conversion
50
-49
 Rapid
250
200
150
100
50
0
100
-49
stimulated
biodegradation
Molar Conc. (µM)

pH
17PS-01
150
Molar Conc.
(µM)
 Increased
200
Molar Conc. (µM)
Effect of Buffering on VOCs
Days since Initial Injection
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Slide 47
Effect of Buffering on Bacteria
Background
(cells/mL)
DHC
TCE R-Dase
Test Area
(cells/mL)
Pre
Post
Pre
Post
3,000
300
BDL
200,000 -1,000,000
BDL
5
BDL
1,500 - 95,000

Large increase in Dehalococcoides numbers
 Large increase in TCE Reductase levels
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Slide 48
Products for Anaerobic Oxidation
Anaerobic Oxidation of Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 49
What is EAS™?
 Electron
Acceptor Solution
 A soluble product for anaerobic
biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon
 Stimulates microbial growth
 Patented Process (US Patent No. 7,138,060)
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Slide 50
Typical Petroleum Release
Reference; Kolhatkar, R and Taggart, D, 2004
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Slide 51
Sulfate-Utilizing Microbes
Dominate Process
EPA-BP Study at 74 Sites
sulfate reduction
methanogenesis
nitrate reduction
aerobic oxidation
iron reduction
AFCEE Study at 42 Sites
Ref: Wiedemeier, T.H et al.
at 38 Sites
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 52
Why
Electron
Acceptor (EA)
Oxygen
(in air)
?
Maximum
Concentration
(mg/L)
Mass of
Benzene
Degraded per
Unit Mass of
EA
Potential
Benzene
Degraded
(mg/L)
9 – 10
0.33
3.0 – 3.3
•
•
•
Pure Oxygen
60 – 70
0.33
19.8 – 23.1
EAS™
>1,000
0.22
>220
(A sulfate based
soluble electron
acceptor solution )
Issues
•
•
Limited solubility
Numerous oxygen sinks
Potential aquifer clogging
Biofouling near injection
point
Hydrogen sulfide; never
documented as an issue in
the field
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 53
Typical
Project
Removed leaking tank
Injection Point
Monitoring
Wells
Inject EAS™
into
contaminant
plume
Unsaturated zone
Groundwater
flow
Saturated zone
(Drawing Modified from ITRC and Koenigsberg 2007)
Plume of dissolved
contaminants
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 54
Contaminants that can be Treated
with

Petroleum Hydrocarbons





Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH)
Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and
Xylenes (BTEX)
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
tert-Butyl Alcohol (TBA)
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 55
Application Experience

Applied at over 200 sites


Method of Injection & application







KY, FL, CA, MI, IN, IL, WV, VA, IA,
GA & NY
Infiltration trenches
Vertical wells
Surficial spreading
Former recovery wells
Former SVE wells
Temporary Geoprobe® points
Variety of geological and
hydrogeological settings
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 56
How Much EAS™ is Required?
 Generally
3-4 EAS™ applications
 Utilization factor

4.7 grams of sulfate consumed per gram of
BTEX degraded (Reference: Wiedemeier et al.)
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 57
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Case Studies
Courtesy of James F. Cuthbertson, Senior Project Manager
Antea™Group, an Oranjewoud N.V. Company
YOUR NATURAL SOLUTIONS
Patented Methods for In Situ Bioremediation
Kentucky EAS Case Studies
Jim Cuthbertson – Antea™Group
Shavonne Gordon – Antea™Group
Antea USA, Inc.
EAS States
Antea USA, Inc.
Advantages of EAS
Easily applied as an aqueous solution
Proper application of EAS will result in no adverse health
effects
Results are surprisingly rapid
No mechanical system installation required
No O&M
Antea USA, Inc.
Elizabethtown, Kentucky Case Study
• Silt with Clay and Chert interbedded with silty Clays to 40
feet bgs.
• Depth to groundwater about 25 feet.
• Groundwater flow to the north.
• Release confirmed in June 1992
• Historically, free product detected in MW-10, MW-11,
and EW-1; no free product currently onsite.
• 1,000 gallons of EAS applied on March 16 to 17, 2009
• 1,100 gallons of EAS applied on January 4 to 5, 2011
Antea USA, Inc.
Elizabethtown Site Map
Antea USA, Inc.
Concentration (ppm)
Elizabethtown, KY
MW-3RS
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
Sulfate (parts per thousand)
5
4
3
2
1
0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Pre05/26/09 09/22/09 01/11/10 03/10/10 06/15/10 09/13/10 12/21/10
treatment
Average
Date
Antea USA, Inc.
Concentration (ppm)
Elizabethtown, KY
MW-11RS
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
Sulfate (parts per thousand)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Pre05/26/09 09/22/09 01/11/10 03/10/10 06/16/10 09/13/10 12/21/10
treatment
Average
Date
Antea USA, Inc.
Concentration (ppm)
Elizabethtown, KY
MW-21S
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
Sulfate (parts per hundred)
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Pre05/26/09 09/22/09 01/11/10 03/10/10 06/15/10 09/13/10 12/21/10
treatment
Average
Date
Antea USA, Inc.
Calvert City, Kentucky Case Study
• Site is currently a vacant lot
• Silt with Clay to 9 feet bgs; then silty Clay to 20 feet bgs; then Sand to
at least 26 feet bgs
• Upper zone flows north; deeper zone flows south
• Release reported as result of UST closure in December 1989
• Multi-phase extraction system operated intermittently during 1993
and 1994, and then again in 1998 and 1999
• Excavation completed in 2003 - 2,036 tons removed
• Historically, free product has been detected in MWC-3 and VP-6.
• Site has maxed out the reimbursement limit with state of $1 million
• 1,800 gallons of EAS applied on June 25, 2009
Antea USA, Inc.
Calvert City Site Map
Antea USA, Inc.
Antea USA, Inc.
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
Sulfate (parts per thousand)
Concentration (ppm)
Calvert City, KY
RW-7R
40
30
20
10
0
Pretreatment
Average
09/23/09
12/02/09
03/10/10
06/22/10
09/22/10
12/21/10
Date
Antea USA, Inc.
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
Sulfate (parts per thousand)
Concentration (ppm)
Calvert City, KY
VP-1
5
4
3
2
1
0
Pretreatment
Average
09/23/09
12/02/09
03/10/10
06/22/10
09/22/10
12/21/10
Date
Antea USA, Inc.
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
Sulfate (parts per thousand)
Concentration (ppm)
Calvert City, KY
VP-7
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Pretreatment
Average
09/23/09
12/02/09
03/10/10
06/22/10
09/22/10
12/21/10
Date
Antea USA, Inc.
Slide 73
Benefits of In Situ Bioremediation
 Minimal

site disruption
In situ approach with no
ongoing O&M activities
 Cost-effective
 Sustainable


Safe
Green – Natural
Processes
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
Slide 74
Benefits of EOS® Products

Accelerated cleanup
 Regulatory
acceptance
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Copyright © 2011 EOS Remediation, LLC
For more information, please visit:
www.EOSRemediation.com
Thank you for attending …
Questions?
EOS Remediation
Timothy Parker
1101 Nowell Road, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607
Phone 919-873-2204
Toll-free 888-873-2204
Fax: 919-873-1074
Email tparker@eosremediation.com
YOUR NATURAL SOLUTIONS
Patented Methods for In Situ Bioremediation
Craig Marlow
8248 Hidden Forest Drive, Holland, Ohio 43528
Phone 419.867.8966
Fax 419.867.8976
Cell 419.349.7970
Email cemarlow@att.net