Latin I Study Guide
 Latin I Study Guide 
Present Stem (2nd principal Part)
Present Tense
Imperfect Tense
Nouns & Verbs
Adjectives
Future Tense
Perfect Stem (3rd principal part)
Perfect Tense
1st Declension
2nd Declension – Masc.
2nd Declension – Neuter
Each Tense
• What it does
• English meaning/translations
• Endings:
* Special notes
Example verbs: (conjugate all 3 in study
guide)
Present Tense
• Describes action happening right now
• Amō: I love, I am loving, I do love
• Endings: -ō
-mus
-s
-tis
-t
-nt
• *3rd & 3rd –iō verbs take stem from 1st p.p.
• *3rd 3rd –io and 4th get –UNT in 3rd PL
Example verbs: amō, amāre; ducō, ducere, audiō,
audīre
1st conjugation Amō
Amāmus
Amās
Amātis
Amat
Amant
3rd conjugation Ducō
Ducimus
Ducis
Ducitis
Ducit
Ducunt
4th conjugation Audiō
Audimus
Audīs
Audītis
Audit
Audiunt
Imperfect Tense
• Describes continuous/repeated past action
• Amābam: I was loving, I used to love
• Endings:
-bam
-bāmus
-bās
-bātis
-bat
-bant
* 3rd –iō & 4th verbs have –iē- in stem
1st conjugation Amābam
Amabāmus
Amabās
Amabātis
Amabat
Amabant
3rd conjugation Ducēbam
Ducēbamus
Ducēbas
Ducēbatis
Ducēbat
Ducēbant
4th conjugation Audiēbam
Audiēbamus
Audiēbas
Audiēbatis
Audiēbat
Audiēbant
Future Tense
• Describes action to come
• Amabō: I will love
• 1st/2nd conjugation
-bō
-bimus
-bis
-bitis
-bit
-bunt
• 3rd/4th conjugation
-am
-ēmus
-ēs
-ētis
-et
-ent
Example verbs: amō, amāre; ducō, ducere
1st conjugation Amabō
Amābimus
Amābis
Amābitis
Amabit
Amabunt
3rd conjugation Ducam
Ducēmus
Ducēs
Ducētis
Ducet
Ducent
Perfect Tense
• Describes completed action in the past
• Amāvī: I loved, I have loved, I did love
• Endings
-ī
-imus
-istī
-istis
-it
-ērunt
Example verbs: ducō, ducere
3rd conjugation Duxī
Duximus
Duxisti
Duxistis
Duxit
Duxerunt
1st Declension
• Almost always feminine (exceptions: nauta,
agricola, poeta)
puella
puellae
puellae puellārum
puellae puellīs
puellam puellās
puellā
puellīs
2nd Declension Masculine
• Drop ī from 2nd form – don’t change the first
one!
amicus amicī
vir
virī
amicī
amicōrum
virī
virōrum
amicō
amicīs
virō
virīs
amicum amicōs
virum
virōs
amicō
amicīs
virō
virīs
2nd Declension Neuter
bellum
bellī
bellō
bellum
bellō
bella
bellōrum
bellīs
bella
bellīs
KNOW WHICH
WORDS ARE
NEUTER!
arma
auxilium
bellum
consilium
frumentum
officium
oppidum
otium
praemium
pretium
signum
studium
templum
verbum
**draw pictures for
as many as you
can; this can help
you picture them as
neuter on the test
CASE
USE(s)
NOM
Subject
Noun Uses
Predicate Nominative
GEN
Possession
(*also any time you use of in English)
DAT
Indirect Object
ACC
Direct Object
Place to Which (after ad and some prepositions)
ABL
Means (no preposition)
Accompaniment (cum)
Place Where (in)/Place from Which (a/de/e)
CASE USE(s)
Noun Uses
NOM Subject: Poeta scribit. The poet writes.
Pred. Nom: Vir est poeta. The man is a poet.
GEN
Possessive: Amicus virī est poeta. The friend of the man is a
poet.
With the English word of: Est copia frumentī. There is an
abundance of grain.
DAT
Ind. Obj.: Amicō librum donavi. I gave a book to my friend.
ACC
Dir. Obj.: Poeta librum scribit. The poet writes a book.
Place to Which: Ad Italiam navigamus. We sail to Italy
ABL
Means: Disciplinā multum effecit. He accomplished much by
means of discipline (through discipline)
Accompaniment: Cum amicīs accedo. I approach with
friends.
Place Where: in: In agrīs laboro. I am working in the fields.
Place from Which: /a/de/e: Ex agrīs frumentum porto. I
carry the grain out of the fields.
Give the appropriate form of the Latin word
to match the use (amicus, amicī, m.)
1. My friend is a nice person.
2. I will give my friend a present on his birthday.
3. I will go to the mall with my friend.
4. Most of my friends don’t live around here.
5. He never helps his friends.
Give the correct form of each Latin verb
1. The king will rule the land for many years.
2. The soldier fortifies the castle.
3. Poets write epics.
4. I will read many books over summer break.
5. We will be happy over summer break!
6. What will you (pl.) do over break?