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Preview
Ⅰ. Objectives
Ⅱ. Suggested Teaching Plan
Ⅲ. Background Information
Ⅳ. Class Presentation
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Preview
This is the second unit of Book Three. In the Listening and Speaking section,
you will learn how to suggest courses of actions and will do some practical
exercises. In the Reading and Writing section, the authors discuss success which
is everyone’s dream. Yet why do some people excel in their career while others
fail? Text A tells us that the key to success is your own choice to work hard. Text
B adds that success also depends on a positive perspective as well as real action.
Text C relates the successful story of Fu Mingxia, the diving queen.
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Ⅰ. Objectives
After studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to
1. master the basic language and skills to suggest courses of action;
2. understand the main idea of Text A, Text B and Text C, and master the useful
sentence structures and words and expressions found in the exercises
relevant to the first two texts;
3. know how to use the comparative degree and the superlative degree of
adjectives and adverbs;
4. know how to write a cover letter;
5. know how to read classified ads.
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Ⅱ. Suggested Teaching Plan
Suggested Time and Teaching Plan for Unit 2
Time
2 periods
Contents
Preview
Listening and
Speaking
Plan
The teacher begins with the Preview so make
sure that the students have some idea of what
this unit is all about. After that, the teacher
activates the Listening and Speaking exercises
as follows:
1) Suggesting Courses of Actions
A. Give a brief lead-in talk on suggesting courses
of actions so as to define them;
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Time
Contents
Plan
B. Have the students listen to Ex.1 (2-3 times)
and fill in the blanks with the missing words;
C. Ask one student to read aloud the talk so
students can check their completed answers;
D. Present more attitude words and phrases,
make sure students know how to use those
suggesting courses of actions, and organize
the activity to accomplish Ex.2.
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Time
Contents
Plan
2) Suggesting a Particular Course
A. Go through the new words in the first
dialogue in Ex. 3;
B. Have the students listen to the conversation
twice and fill in the blanks with the missing
words;
C. Ask students to answer the questions about
the conversation;
D. Now have them look for the language used
to ask for and give clarification;
E. Next, students can role-play the dialogue;
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Time
Contents
Plan
3) Follow-up Practice (Be Selective)
A. Go through the words and expressions
from the ad in Ex.6 and have the
students to do questioning exercises as
guided after reading the ad. Note: One
thing can be expressed in many forms.
B. Listen to the conversation in Ex.7, do
the exercises in it, and ask some
students to speak out their questions.
Note: One thing can be expressed in
many forms.
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Time
Contents
Plan
C. Listen to the recording of Ex.8 and ask the
students to respond by translating orally
the Chinese messages into English.
D. Assign the students to do questions and
answers between the speaker and
audience in pairs according to the lecture
in Ex.4, and do Ex.9 and Ex.10
individually as their homework. The
teacher tells them how to do these
exercises and presents any topic-related
expressions on the chalkboard in advance,
which can be used when the students
make preparation for oral presentation.
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Time
3 periods
Contents
Review of the
listening and
speaking skills the
students have
learned
Plan
The teacher begins with the assignment mainly
to have a review of the functional and notional
language the students picked up in the previous
unit. The teacher asks a couple of students to
give a talk on the contributing factors to obesity
in China, and invites a few students to tell the
class their messages based on the diagram in
Ex.9 or present their opinions on the topic of
“Global Warming” orally. Then, the teacher turns
to the Reading and Writing section. (These
activities should be completed in 15 minutes.)
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Time
Contents
Plan
Text A & text-related
exercises
1) Starter
After a brief explanation of the instructions,
the teacher
A. gives the students a few minutes to think
about the questions in the starter;
B. asks some students to tell the others their
responses. (10 minutes)
2) Text A
The teacher
A. lets the students answer the text-related
questions, helps them identify the main idea
of each paragraph and analyzes some
difficult sentences and some language
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Time
Contents
Plan
points while discussing the whole text with
the students (one and a half periods).
B. guides the students through the exercises,
focusing on certain items or leaving some
exercises as the students’ homework,
according to the students’ different levels of
English (one period).
1 period
Grammar Review
1) Grammar Review
The teacher talks about the use of the
comparative degree and the superlative
degree of adjectives and adverbs, and at the
same time, asks the students to do the
grammar exercises in class.
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Time
Contents
Practical Writing
Plan
2) Practical Writing
The teacher tells as well as shows the
students how to write a cover letter by doing
Ex.12 of Practical Writing, and then requires
the students to do Ex.13 and Ex.14 as their
homework.
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Time
Contents
Plan
2 periods Text B, Text C & text- 1) Text B
related exercises
While discussing the text with the students,
the teacher calls on the students to pay
attention to the structure of the paragraphs of
the text, asking the students to answer the
questions about the text. Ex.16 and Ex.17 can
be done either in class or after class.
2) Text C
This text should be read by the students
themselves as their homework or as fast
reading in class.
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Time
Contents
Basic Reading Skills
Plan
3) Basic Reading Skills
The teacher tells the students how to read
the classified ads, and asks them to do the
exercises in Basic Reading Skills.
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Ⅲ. Background Information
Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
The first transcontinental railroad in the US
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Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill became one
of the greatest statesmen in world history. Churchill
reached the height of his fame as the heroic prime
minister of Great Britain during World War II. He offered
his people only “blood, toil, tears, and sweat” as they
struggled to keep their freedom. Churchill also was a
noted speaker, author, painter, soldier, and war reporter.
(From the 1998 World Book Encyclopedia)
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The first transcontinental railroad in the US
In the early 1860’s, the United States government decided to extend rail
lines across the country. The proposed route roughly followed the 42nd parallel
from Omaha, Nebraska, to Sacramento, California. Eastern rail lines were to be
extended westward from Chicago to meet the new railroad at Omaha. Congress
passed the Pacific Railroad Act in 1862. The act gave two companies
responsibility for building the railroad. The Union Pacific was to start laying track
westward from a point near Omaha. The Central Pacific Railroad was to lay
track eastward from Sacramento. Congress granted both railroads large tracts of
land and millions of dollars in government loans.
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Work began on the Central Pacific track in 1863 and on the Union Pacific in
1865. The railroads faced the gigantic task of crossing the rugged Rockies and
the towering Sierra Nevada. To obtain the necessary labor, the Central Pacific
hired thousands of Chinese immigrants to work on the railroad. Thousands of
European immigrants worked on the Union Pacific. On May 10, 1869, the tracks
of the two railroads finally met at Promontory, Utah. North America became the
first continent to have a rail line from coast to coast. (From the 1998 World Book
Encyclopedia)
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Ⅳ. Class Presentation
Listening & Speaking
Reading & Writing
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Listening & Speaking
Suggesting Courses of Actions
Suggesting a Particular Course of Action
Follow-up Practice
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Suggesting Courses of Action
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about asking for and giving
clarification. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
Describe either a personal problem or a social one and see whether your
classmates can suggest any courses of actions. Try to use the language you
have just picked up in Exercise 1.
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Suggesting a Particular Course of Action
Before you listen to the upcoming conversation, read the following
words and expressions which may be new to you.
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Listening Practice
Read the following words which may be new to you.
Listen to the following people speaking and decide what they are
talking about.
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
Listen to the talk again and then answer the following questions orally.
Have a discussion on the topic given below.
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Suggesting Courses of Action
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about asking for and giving
clarification. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
Instructor:
Are you a person of action? You cannot be a winner if
you ____________
take no action . Just do it. Just make a move. If I can do
you can do it . Keep your chin up(不气馁) when you’re feeling
it, ___________
a new beginning . You may delay, but
down(闷闷不乐). Each day is _____________
who help
time will not. Remember that God helps those ________
themselves
_________ .
But sometimes people need a push; they
action . Go through
need advice to trigger(激发) _____
the following expressions and arm yourself with
_____
that you can encourage people to take
them so
action:
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harder ?
— Don’t you think you should study
__________
— Surely you should go to the library ________
instead of the Internet café.
— No question it would be a good idea if you studied
________________
for a degree .
up some experience ?
— Don’t you think it would be a good idea if you picked
______________________
— Wouldn’t it be possible for you to do
it right now ?
___________
first-hard information ?
— Wouldn’t it make more sense for you to get
____________________
______________
more hours ?
— Wouldn’t it be better if you slept
— And (in fact) it seems to me that you could also choose
_______________
that course .
— And furthermore you should also be
a person of action .
_________________
— And what’s more you should also do
something .
___________
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Describe either a personal problem or a social one and see whether your
classmates can suggest any courses of actions. Try to use the language you
have just picked up in Exercise 1.
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Suggesting a Particular Course of Action
Before you listen to the upcoming conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
I’m finished.
我完了。
fall down
摔倒；趴下；失败
stay small
从小做起
That’s something.
有道理。
make it
成功
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with the
missing words.
Wang Ying: How come you are looking upset?
Li Ming:
I’m finished. They said I had no working experience and I
was not _____________
the right person for the position.
Wang Ying: Come on. This is not the end of the world. It’s only
the beginning .
___________
Li Ming:
The beginning? That’s
enough . I just want to die.
___________
_________
down. Try
Wang Ying: Hey, you just feel down. You haven’t fallen
again！
Li Ming:
How?
Wang Ying: Uh, that’s better. Don’t you think it__________________
would be a good idea if
you picked up some experience? Like…
Li Ming:
Like what?
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Wang Ying: Like looking for a part-time job. Surely you should
stay
small at the beginning. Don’t expect too much.
________
Li Ming:
That’s
something . OK， I’ll try again.
______________
Wang Ying: I’m sure you’ll make it if you keep up your efforts.
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Now listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions.
1. Why did Li Ming look upset?
He failed to get a job.
2. Was Li Ming desperate? Why or why not?
Yes. Because he said, “I’m finished.”
3. What did Wang Ying do about it?
She tried to build up his confidence again.
4. What did Wang Ying suggest he do?
She suggested that he pick up some experience.
5. Do you think Li Ming will make it? Why or why not?
I do. Because he will try again. He’s not going to give up.
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Follow-up Practice
Read the following words which may be new to you.
Company
diet
perpetual
poll
sloth
gluttony
Obesity
同伴
节食
永久的
民意测验
懒惰
贪食
肥胖
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Read the following introduction of a lecture on obesity(肥胖) silently while
listening to the recording.
If you think you weigh too much, you probably also think it’s because
you eat too much, right? If you said yes, you’ve got plenty of company; 31
percent of American women ages 19 to 39 diet at least once a month and 16
percent consider themselves perpetual dieters, say the results of a poll. Yet
recent scientific evidence strongly suggests there may be more to what
makes us fat than simple sloth and gluttony. As every dieter knows, no two
bodies are alike: a meal that one woman considers a sure road to obesity
another might think of as perfectly normal. Why the difference in the way the
body responds to food? It seems that the answer lies not only in how and
what you eat but in the genes your parents passed on to you.
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Read aloud the above introduction in class. Discuss the factors
contributing to obesity in China. Then make believe you are a health
scientist delivering a lecture on obesity and present your introduction only.
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Read the following words and expressions which may be new to you.
solar powered
太阳能的
to the second
精确到秒
digital
数字的
encase
嵌入
battery
电池
solar cell
太阳能电池
run out of
用光，耗尽
ultra-thin
超薄的
artificial
人工的
department store
百货商店
recharge
再充电
accuracy
准确度
readout
读数显示
duration
持续时间
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Read the following advertisement for information.
SOLAR-POWERED TIME
No more excuses for being late: Get a digital watch that doesn’t
need batteries — so you’ll never have to worry about running out of time.
Powered by natural or artificial light, it even works six days without
light — a mere three minutes back in bright light and it’s fully recharged.
The digital readout tells the time to the second and the date as well
(encased above it is the solar cell). In black, of course, and ultra-thin, the
watch is $19.95 from Lorus Products at department stores.
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Pretend you are a customer who is interested in the watch and ask the shop
assistant three questions for more information (write out your questions if
necessary).
Question 1 about accuracy:
a. Is it accurate?
b. How accurate is it?
c. Excuse me, can you tell me something about its accuracy?
Question 2 about the duration of the solar cell:
a. How long does the solar cell last?
b. When do I have to replace the solar cell?
Question 3 about the duration of one recharge:
a. How long does one recharge last?
b. How often must I recharge the solar cell?
Act out the above short conversation in class.
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Read the following words and expressions which may be new to you.
discount
折扣
sale price
减价
off
减掉
uppers
鞋帮
sole
脚底
sale goods
削价商品
receipt
票据，发票
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Listen twice to the taped conversation below between a customer and an
assistant whose role you are supposed to play. First, put down your answers to
the customer’s questions during the timed pauses. Second, speak your answers
out loud.
Customer:
Assistant:
Customer:
Assistant:
Customer:
Assistant:
Customer:
Assistant:
Customer:
Assistant:
Customer:
Excuse me, you say you’re offering a 90% discount on shoes. What do
you mean?
That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Oh, you mean there’s only 10% off, right?
Exactly.
______
I like those shoes. Are they leather or man-made?
The
uppers are leather, the sole’s man-made.
________________________________
I got it. By the way, can I exchange sale goods?
Yes,
you can, but only with the receipt.
___________________________
Is it possible to return them?
You can’t return sale items, I’m afraid.
Oh, I see. Thanks.
Act out the above conversation in class.
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Listen and, during the timed pauses, translate orally into English the Chinese
sentences in each of the following three short conversations.
1. A Female Voice: A sale is on this week. There are some special offers. Are
you looking for anything special?
You: 是的。以往我总是给他买衬衫和领带。今年我想买些不一样的东
西。你想买些什么？
KEY
Yes. I used to buy shirts and ties for him. I’d like to find
something different this year. Do you have anything particular
in mind?
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2. A Male Voice: Oh Anne, that was a wonderful dinner. That’s the best meal I’ve
had in a long time. You know, I can’t cook at all, can’t even boil an
egg.
You: 不要开玩笑！嗯，如果你想学烹调的话，你可以在锦江学校选修一两门
课程，并学着实践。
KEY
No kidding. Well, you know, if you want to learn how to cook,
you could take a couple classes over at Jinjiang College and
learn how to do it too.
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3. A Male Voice: This place is different from the supermarket we’re used to, isn’t it? I
don’t come here very often because I think the prices are higher
than at supermarkets.
You: 这儿没有多少可挑选的。嗯，我是说每种商品只有一两种，倒省得挑来
挑去的。
KEY
There isn’t much of selection. I mean, there are only one or two
brands of each type of goods, but you know, that makes
choosing easier.
Act out the above conversations in class.
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Take a close look at the diagram below. Think about it for one minute.
Then give a two-minute oral presentation to tell the class what you
think the information means.
Economic Impacts(影响) of Climate Change
Suggested Presentation:
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Suggested Presentation:
Today global warming causes much concern. This climate change is having
significant consequences in the world. In particular, it is causing great economic
losses. The figures in the diagram help us better understand the economic facts of
this important problem, which affects us all.
The diagram shows a dramatic increase in the economic impact of climate
change in the last fifteen years. It reveals that as climate change increases, so do
economic losses. Climate change began to have a measurable economic impact in
the 1980s. But the situation dramatically worsened in the 1990s. During that period,
increasing climate warmth caused insured losses of about US$100 billion; total
economic losses were about US $300 billion. Total economic losses in the 1990s
were about 8 times bigger than those in the 1960s.
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The diagram clearly conveys the close link between climate change and
economic loss. Scientists have found out that climate change has much to do
with human activities. We, then, are largely responsible. It is thus up to us to grow
more aware of the importance of environmental protection, and to give more
attention and support to it. Ultimately, to protect the earth is to protect ourselves.
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Have a discussion on the topic given below.
Global Warming
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Reading & Writing
Text A
Success Is a Choice
Text A Exercises
Grammar Review
Practical Writing
Text B
Perspective Is Everything
Text B Exercises
Text C
Fu Mingxia: The Diving Queen
Comprehension of the Text
Basic Reading Skills
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Text A
Starter
1. Write the name of someone who you think is very successful in each of
the following careers.
Career
Successful
Person
Career
athlete
businessman
politician
army general
writer
musician
scientist
inventor
actor/actress
educator
Successful
Person
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Text A
2. Think about these people’s personalities and experiences. What
important factors do you believe lead them to success?
(1) _____________________________________________________
(2) _____________________________________________________
(3) _____________________________________________________
(4) _____________________________________________________
(5) _____________________________________________________
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Text A
3. If you were to select from the above list one key factor to success, which one
would you choose? Why?
Now read the following text and see if your choice agrees with that of the
writer.
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Text A
CH
Success Is a Choice
Rick Pitino
1 Winston Churchill’s rallying cry for the British people during
WWII was simple and clear: hoping and praying for victory was
fine, but deserving it was what really mattered.
2
What does it mean to “deserve victory”?
?
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Text A
CH
3 According to Churchill, victory comes only to those who work long
and hard, who are willing to pay the price in blood, sweat, and tears.
Hard work is also the basic building block of every kind of achievement:
Without it, everything else is pointless. You can start with a dream or an
idea or a goal, but before any of your hopes can be realized, you truly
must deserve your success. This may sound old-fashioned in this age of
instant gratification, but from the Sistine Chapel to the first
transcontinental railroad to today’s space shuttle, Nthere’s no mystery as
to how these things of wonder were created. They were created by
people who worked incredibly hard over a long period of time.
?
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Text A
CH
4 If you look closely at all great organizations, all great teams, all great
people, the one common characteristic that runs through them is a second-tonone work ethic. The intense effort to achieve is always there. This is the one
given if you want to be successful. When it comes to the work ethic there can
be no compromises. N Any other promise of achievement is fool’s gold.
5 We can see the evidence of fool’s gold around us every day. The easy
way to lose weight. The no-pain way to have a better body. The instant way to
get rich. The easy way to feel better about yourself, as if all you have to do is
follow some simple directions and your problems will disappear like frost in
the noonday sun.
?
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Text A
CH
6
But shortcuts fail.
7 The bottom line: Nothing meaningful or lasting comes without working hard
at it, whether it’s in your own life or with people you’re trying to influence.
8
N
Take our basketball program at the University of Kentucky: We see
ourselves as the hardest-working team in America. That is our standard, the
yardstick by which we measure ourselves. We try to live up to it every day.
9
Are we the hardest-working team in America?
?
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Text A
CH
10 Who knows?
11 And who cares.
12 The important thing is we believe it. That’s our edge. N In close games,
when the pressure intensifies and the margin between who wins and who
loses can be as thin as an eggshell, we believe that all our hard work, all the
long hours, and all the perspiration will enable us to come out on top. Why?
Because we deserve it. We deserve our victory; we feel we’ve sweated
more blood than our opponents and will earn it the old-fashioned way.
?
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Text A
CH
13 In my years of coaching I have worked with many
players and seen N a variety of attitude problems. Some
players were selfish. Some doubted what we were trying
to do. Some weren’t as committed to the team concept as
they should have been. I can live with all that. What I
can’t live with is a player who won’t work hard. If players
are willing to give the effort, they have no problem with
me.
?
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Text A
CH
14 And you know what?
15 What’s true on the basketball court is true in business and in life. You
want to succeed? Okay, then succeed. Deserve it. How? Outwork
everybody in sight. Go the extra mile. But whatever it takes, put your heart
and soul into everything you do. Leave it all out on the court.
16 But that won’t happen unless you choose to make it happen. N Success
is not a lucky break. It is not a divine right. It is not an accident of birth.
17 Success is a choice.
(611 words)
?
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Chinese Version
成功是一种选择
(里克•皮蒂诺)
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1) Who deserves victory according to Winston Churchill?
According to Winston Churchill, only those who work long and hard, who
are willing to pay the price in blood, sweat, and tears deserve victory.
2) What must one do to realize his or her dream?
One must work hard to realize his or her dream.
3) According to the writer, how were the Sistine Chapel and the first
transcontinental railroad constructed?
They were constructed by people who worked incredibly hard over a
long period of time.
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Chinese Version
成功是一种选择
里克.皮蒂诺
二战期间，温斯顿•丘吉尔向英国民众发出的战斗口号简短而明确: “盼望并祈
祷胜利固然不错，但配得上胜利才是真正重要的。”
什么叫作”配得上胜利”呢？
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Language Points
rally : v. come or bring together again for a shared propose or
effort 重新集合，重整
e.g.
The politician rallied his supporters.
T
这位政治家将自己的支持者们召集起来。
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Language Points
British : n. of Britain 英国的
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Language Points
deserve : vt. be sth. or have done sth. for which one should receive (a
reward, special treatment, etc.); be entitled to; be worthy of
e.g.
应受(奖赏、特殊待遇等);应得;值得
What have I done to deserve this?
T
我做了什么事应该得到这种待遇呢？
You have been working all day — you deserve a good rest.
T
你已经工作了整整一天——你应该好好休息一下了。
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Chinese Version
丘吉尔认为，胜利只属于那些长期辛苦工作的人，那些愿意付出血汗和泪水代价
的人。辛苦的工作还是一切成功的基石：没有它，别的一切都是毫无意义的。你可以
由一个梦想、一个想法或一个目标开始，但在任何希望实现之前，你真的必须配得上
成功。这在今天这个追求瞬间满足的时代也许显得陈腐老套，但是从西斯廷教堂到第
一条横贯大陆铁路，直至今天的航天飞机，这些奇迹的创造都毫无奥秘可言。它们都
是由异常辛勤工作的人们通过长期的努力创造出来的。
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Language Points
according to: as stated or shown by; in a manner that is consistent with
据…所说；根据；按照
e.g.
Everything went to according to plan.
T
一切均按照计划进行。
According to the report, 75% of the high school graduates went to college.
T
据报道，75％的高中毕业生升入了大学。
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Language Points
block : n. large solid piece of wood, stone, metal, etc. usu. with flat
surfaces大块木料(或石料、金属等)
e.g.
toy blocks
T
玩具积木
a block of wood
T
一大块木头
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Language Points
achievement : n. action of achieving; thing done successfully,
esp. with effort and skill
达到，完成，实现；成就，成绩
e.g.
heroic/academic/scientific achievements
T
英雄业绩 / 学习成绩 / 科学成就
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Language Points
pointless : a. with little or no sense, aim or purpose
无意义的；没有目的的
e.g.
a pointless activity/life/story
T
毫无意义的活动/生活/故事
It’s pointless to argue.
T
争论是没有意义的。
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Language Points
blood : n. red liquid flowing through the body 血,血液
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Language Points
… there’s no mystery as to how these things of wonder were created.
……这些奇迹的创造都毫无奥秘可言。
as to 相当于about，是”关于”的意思。
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Language Points
shuttle : n. aircraft, bus, etc. that travels regularly between two
places; spacecraft that can be used more than once
e.g.
短程穿梭运行的飞机（或车辆等）；航天飞机
a campus shuttle
T
在校园里穿梭运行的班车
shuttle service
T
班车服务
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4) What is common to all great people and all great organizations?
A second-to-none work ethic.
5) Apart from the work ethic, what else can promise you success?
Nothing else.
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Chinese Version
如果你仔细观察所有大的组织、伟大的球队和伟大人物，贯穿其中的一个共同的
特点是一种至高无上的工作道德观。他们一直在不懈地努力着。如果你想成功就必须
付出这种努力。就工作道德观而言，是没有什么折中的办法的。任何其他关于成功的
许诺都不过是愚人金。
在我们周围每天都可以看到愚人金的证据。轻松减肥，无痛健身，快速致富。还
有使人自我感觉更好的便捷之法，好像只要按一些简单的指令去做，你的问题就会像
正午阳光下的霜冻一样瞬间消失。
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organization : n. organized group of people 组织，机构
e.g.
a non-profit organization
T
非盈利机构
WTO (World Trade Organization)
T
世界贸易组织
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run through: be present in every part of (sth.); spread right through
普遍存在于；贯穿
e.g.
The qualities of diligence and perseverance ran through her whole life.
T
勤奋、坚毅的品质贯穿了她整个的一生。
It is a thread that runs through the story.
T
这是贯穿整个故事的一条线索。
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second-to-none: a. as good as the best 不亚于任何人的；首屈一指的；最好的
e.g.
a second-to-none solution
T
最佳方案
We offer second-to-none technical support.
T
我们提供最好的技术支持。
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ethic : n. system of moral principles; rules of conduct
伦理标准；道德规范；行为准则
e.g.
He began to question the ethics of his position.
T
他开始对他的道德立场是否符合道德准则提出质
疑。
social/medical ethic
T
社会道德 / 医德
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intense : a. strong or great, esp. in quality or feeling; extreme
强烈的，剧烈的；极度的
e.g.
intense happiness/heat/interest
T
深深的喜悦 / 滚滚热浪 / 浓厚的兴趣
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effort : n. attempt using all one’s powers 努力
e.g.
You should put more effort into your work.
T
你应该更加努力地工作。
A lot of effort has gone into making this event a success.
T
为使这次活动成功费了很大的劲。
You’d better make an effort to improve your handwriting.
T
你该花点功夫练练字了。
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come to: concern 涉及；谈到
e.g.
Mary is a real master when it comes to dancing.
T
说起打跳舞，马丽可是个高手。
When it came to the color of the car, the couple had totally different ideas.
T
等到选汽车颜色时，夫妻俩的想法就大不相同了。
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Language Points
compromise : n. (act of) settling an argument or difference of opinion
by each side agreeing to some of the demands of
the other; agreement reached in this way
妥协；和解；折中；妥协方案，折中办法
e.g.
We reached a compromise between the two opinions.
T
我们把两种意见做了个折中。
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other …
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Language Points
Any other promise of achievement is fool’s gold.
任何其他关于成功的许诺都不过是愚人金。
fool’s gold 原意是酷似黄金的黄铁(铜)矿，在这里喻指骗人的东西。
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6) In the text, what does the fool’s gold refer to specifically? Give an example of it.
It refers to shortcuts. For example, some advertisements promise
people to lose weight easily or become rich quickly, which does not
work in reality.
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Chinese Version
在我们周围每天都可以看到愚人金的证据。轻松减肥，无痛健身，快速致富。
还有使人自我感觉更好的便捷之法，好像只要按一些简单的指令去做，你的问题就
会像正午阳光下的霜冻一样瞬间消失。
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Language Points
evidence : n. information that gives a reason for
believing sth. or proves sth.; indication
or trace 根据；证据；证明；迹象；痕迹
e.g.
We all thought he did it, but we just lacked evidence.
T
我们都认为那是他干的，但就是缺乏证据。
We found further scientific evidence for this
T
我们找到了进一步证实这种理论的科学根据。
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frost : n. dew or water vapor frozen into tiny white ice crystals that cover
the ground, etc. when the temperature falls below freezingpoint 霜
e.g.
A hard frost fell last night.
T
昨晚结了一层厚霜。
There seemed to be a slight frost in her reply.
T
她的回答似乎有点冷淡。
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shortcut : n. route that makes a journey, walk, etc. shorter; way of
doing sth. more efficiently, quickly, etc.
近路；捷径；快捷办法
e.g.
I took a shortcut across the field.
T
我抄近路穿过田野。
There are no shortcut to economic recovery.
T
恢复经济无捷径可走。
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The bottom line: Nothing meaningful or lasting comes without working hard at it…:
这是一个由nothing… without…构成的双重否定句，语气强烈。
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7) What standard does the writer’s basketball team set for themselves?
The hardest-working team in America.
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Chinese Version
但捷径总是行不通的。
关键的一点是：没有什么有意义或持久的东西是可以不需艰辛努力而获得的，
无论是对你的个人生活，还是对那些你试图影响的人来说都是如此。
以我们肯塔基大学的篮球队为例。我们自认为是全美最刻苦的球队。这是我
们的标准，是我们衡量自己的尺度。我们每天都努力要达到这个标准。
我们是全美最刻苦的球队吗？
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basketball ….
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Take our basketball program at the University of Kentucky…:
take = take… for example
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Language Points
yardstick : n. standard of measurement or comparison
衡量标准，评价标准
e.g.
Is money the only yardstick of success?
T
金钱是衡量成功的唯一标准吗？
We need a yardstick for progress.
T
我们需要一个衡量进步的尺度。
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live up to: achieve (what is expected, esp. high standards); put (one’s
faith, principles, etc.) into practice 不辜负（期望）；达到（高标
准）；实践(信仰、原则等)
e.g.
I’m trying to live up to my family’s good name.
T
我努力保持我家族的好名声。
。
She failed to live up to her parents’ expectations.
T
她辜负了父母的期望。
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8) Why does the writer believe that his team will win even in close games?
Because he believes that his team deserves it with all their hard
work, long hours, and perspiration.
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Chinese Version
谁知道呢？
又有谁在乎呢？
重要的是我们相信它，那是我们的优势所在。在比分接近的比赛中，当压力
增大，谁赢谁输之间的差距薄如蛋壳之时，我们相信我们所有的艰辛努力、所投
入的大量时间和所挥洒的所有汗水会使我们取得胜利。为什么？因为这是我们配
得上胜利。我们理应取得胜利，我们感到我们比对手付出了更多的血汗，也将用
这种古老的方式赢得胜利。
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edge : n. (line marking the) outside limit or boundary of a solid (flat)
object, surface or area; sharp cutting part of a blade, tool,
etc.; advantage 边， 边缘； 刀口，刃； 优势
e.g.
He stood on the edge of the cliff.
T
他站在悬崖边上。
A good education will give you an edge in the job market.
T
良好的教育会使你在职场上拥有优势。
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games …
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Language Points
In close games, when the pressure intensifies and the margin between who
wins and who loses can be as thin as an eggshell…:
when 引导了两个定语从句，即 the pressure intensifies 和 the margin between
who wins and who loses can be as thin as an eggshell。
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margin : n. blank space round the written or printed matter on a
page; amount by which one thing is greater
than another 页边空白；差数；幅度
e.g.
Write your notes in the margin.
T
在页边记笔记。
The price leaves no margin for profit.
T
这样的价格没有利润可赚。
They won the game by a narrow margin.
T
他们以微弱的优势赢得了比赛。
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Language Points
perspiration : n. moisture given off by the body; sweat;
process of giving off moisture through the skin
汗；汗水；出汗；流汗
e.g.
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
(Thomas Edison)
T
天才是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。
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come out on top: win; be successful; prove oneself superior to others
获胜；获得成功；出人头地
e.g.
A university student came out on top in the spoken English.
T
一位大学生在英语口语比赛中获胜。
After years of hard work, I finally came out on top.
T
经过多年的努力，我终于取得了成功。
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opponent n. person who takes the opposite side in a game,
competition, etc. (比赛、竞争中的)对手，敌手
e.g.
The team’s opponents are unbeaten so far this season.
T
该队的竞争对手本赛季尚未有败绩。
opponents of the regime
T
反对该政权的人们
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9) What kind of players would have problems with the writer?
Those who don’t work hard.
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Chinese Version
在我的教练生涯中，我曾和许多球员一起共事，看到过各种态度上的问题。有
些球员很自私。有些球员怀疑我们所做的一切。还有些人对球队的观念缺乏应有的
忠诚。所有这些我都能忍受，但我所不能忍受的是不愿努力训练的球员。如果球员
愿意努力的话，他们跟我就不会有任何问题。
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variety : n. quality of not being the same, or not being the same all the
time; number or range of different things; a particular type;
sort 变化；多样化；种种，多种多样；品种，种类
e.g.
He resigned for a variety of reasons.
T
他由于种种原因辞职了。
This is the most common variety of food.
T
这是最普通的一种食物。
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Language Points
a variety of: many different 各种，种种
These T-shirts are available in a wide variety of colors.
这些T恤衫有各种颜色可供挑选。
We can’t go on holiday for a variety of reasons.
我们因种种原因不能去度假。
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selfish : a. thinking first of one’s own interests, needs, etc.
without concern for others 自私的
e.g.
Don’t be selfish — pass the box of chocolates.
T
别那么自私——把巧克力盒子传过来。
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commit : vt. do (sth. wrong or illegal); promise (oneself) to a
certain cause
犯(罪)，做(错事、坏事)；使(自己)承担义务
e.g.
commit a crime / an error
T
犯罪/犯错误
Most crimes are committed by young men.
T
多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。
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concept : n. idea underlying sth.; general notion 观念，概念
e.g.
an abstract concept
T
抽象的概念
the concept of time
T
时间观念
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live with: accept; tolerate 接受；容忍
e.g.
How can you live with such noise?
T
这么吵，你怎么忍受的了？
I have to live with the fact that he’s gone forever.
T
我只得接受他一去不复返的事实。
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10) What advice does the writer give to people who want to succeed?
Put your heart and soul into everything you do.
11) Why does the writer say that success is a choice?
Because success is based on hard work, and unless you choose to
work hard, success will not arrive, for it doesn’t happen by itself.
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Chinese Version
你知道吗？
篮球场上普遍适用的东西在生意场上和生活中也同样适用。你想成功吗？好的，
那就朝着成功努力吧。要配得上成功。怎样才能配得上成功？那就是比看得见的任
何人都更加努力地工作。比别人多走一里路。但无论成功需要什么，你都必须全心
全意地去做每一件事。在球场上就要全力拼搏。
但是除非你选择这样去做，否则事情就不会自然发生。成功不是幸运的机缘；
成功不是神赐的权利；成功不是天生的运气。
成功是一种选择。
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court : n. indoor or outdoor space marked out for tennis or similar ball
games; place where trials or other law cases are held
球场；法庭；法院
e.g.
a basketball/tennis court
T
篮球/网球场
a civil/criminal court
T
民事/刑事法庭
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in sight: visible 看得见，被看到
e.g.
I looked hard but nothing was in sight.
T
我努力去看，但什么也看不到。
Usually puppies will eat anything in sight.
T
通常凡是看得到的东西小狗都要吃。
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all out: using all possible strength and resources
竭尽全力；全力以赴
e.g.
The firemen went all out to put out the fire.
T
消防队员竭尽全力灭火。
He was all out for the gold medal.
T
他全力以赴争取金牌。
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Success is not a lucky break. It is not a divine right. It is not an accident of birth.
成功不是幸运的机缘；成功不是神赐的权利；成功不是天生的运气。
句中的break和 accident都有运气、机缘的意思。
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divine: a. of, from or like God or a god 上帝的，神的；神授的；如神的
e.g.
He prayed for divine help
T
他祈求神的帮助。
divine intervention
T
上帝之佑
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Text A Exercises
Reading Aloud
Understanding the Text
Reading Analysis
Vocabulary
Structure
Cloze
Translation
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into
English, using the words “whatever / whenever / wherever / however /
whoever / whichever. ”
Rewrite the following sentences by using “unless. ”
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
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Understanding the Text
Answer the following questions
Topics for Discussion.
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Reading Aloud
Read the following paragraph until you have learned them by heart.
According to Churchill, victory comes only to those who work long
and hard, who are willing to pay the price in blood, sweat, and tears.
Hard work is also the basic building block of every kind of achievement:
Without it, everything else is pointless. You can start with a dream or an
idea or a goal, but before any of your hopes can be realized, you truly
must deserve your success. This may sound old-fashioned in this age of
instant gratification, but from the Sistine Chapel to the first
transcontinental railroad to today’s space shuttle, there’s no mystery as
to how these things of wonder were created. They were created by
people who worked incredibly hard over a long period of time.
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Understanding the Text
Answer the following questions
1. Who deserves victory according to Winston Churchill?
2. What must one do to realize his or her dream?
3. According to the writer, how were the Sistine Chapel and the first
transcontinental railroad constructed?
4. What is common to all great people and all great organizations?
5. Apart from the work ethic, what else can promise you success?
6. In the text, what does fool’s gold refer to specifically? Give an example of it.
7. What standard does the writer’s basketball team set for themselves?
8. Why does the writer believe that his team will win even in close games?
9. What kind of players would have problems working with the writer?
10. What advice does the writer give to people who want to succeed?
11. Why does the writer say that success is a choice?
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Topics for Discussion.
1. Do you see evidence of fool’s gold in your everyday life, i.e. people
trying to take shortcuts to succeed? Give a few examples.
2. Hard work is definitely the key to success. Besides this, do you
agree that luck also plays an important role in making a person
successful? Why or why not?
PREV.
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Reading Analysis
Read Text A again and complete the following table.
Part
Ⅰ
Introduction
Paragraphs
1-2
Main Idea
Raising the question:
What
____________________
does it mean to
“deserve
victory”?
____________
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Part
Paragraphs
Ⅱ
3-7
Main Body
8-13
Main Idea
Explaining
the
meaning
of
“deserving victory”: Victory comes
____________________
who work long and
only to those
hard,
__________________________
who are willing to pay the
price
_________________________
in blood, sweat, and tears.
Setting an example for
“deserving victory”: _______
our
basketball program at the
_______________________
University of Kentucky.
___________________
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PREV.
NEXT
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Part
Ⅲ
Paragraphs
14-17
Main Idea
Drawing the conclusion:
________________
Success is a choice.
Conclusion
Now summarize the writer’s argument by following the outline you have completed.
BACK
PREV.
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
Deserve
opponent
intense
concept
effort
selfish
compromise
committed
evidence
shortcut
influence
matter (v.)
1. A very ______
intense wind hit the store and blew its roof off on Saturday night.
2. Freedom is a _______
concept that means different things to different people.
3. Greenpeace is _________
committed to peaceful non-violent action in its effort to protect
the environment.
4. Most people agreed that in spite of the crime he committed, the guy didn’t
_______
deserve to die.
selfish ? Consider the wishes of other people.
5. How can you be so ______
6. After two weeks-strike, the workers and government officials finally set out to
compromise .
work out a __________
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matters is that I have done my
7. I don’t care what others think of me. What _______
best.
opponent out in the second round.
8. Tyson knocked his ________
influencing your decision; you must do what you think
9. Don’t let what I say _________
is right.
10. If you have an idea to present, please make a(n) _____
effort to present it
concisely（简洁地） and clearly.
shortcuts to learning English.
11. There aren’t really any ________
evidence shows that men are more likely to have heart attacks
12. Medical ________
than women.
PREV.
NEXT
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
according to
live up to
run through
a variety of
when it comes to
live with
work at
in sight
work at it.
1. You can’t expect to master the subject if you don’t ______
________ Benjamin Disraeli, the secret of success is constancy(坚定不移)
2. According
to purpose.
run through
3. This disease has some genetic links and is likely to __________
generations of families.
4.
With the finish line in
sight , the athlete gathered his strength and made a
______
dash for it.
PREV.
NEXT
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5. John is so selfish that even his girlfriend can’t _______
live with him any longer.
variety of foods.
6. The most basic way to ensure health is to eat a_________
7. When
______________
it comes to service, it pays to find out what the customers really
need.
live up to the standards set by their coach,
8. Although it’ll be difficult to ________
all the players are determined to do their best.
PREV.
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Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into
English, using the words “whatever / whenever / wherever / however /
whoever / whichever. ”
1. We are confident of this new product ____________________________
however small the market might be
in
the beginning.（无论开始时市场可能多么小）
_____________
the weather is fine.
2. There are always a lot of people on the beach whenever
_______________________
（每当天气晴好时）
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3. For
_________________
whatever reasons , vegetarianism（ 素 食 主 义 ）seems to be becoming
more and more popular around the world.（不管出于何种原因）
obtained , and at least five
4. The job requires a Master’s degree, wherever
_______________
years experience.（无论在哪里获得的）
5. Fortunately, I have the freedom to choose
whichever books I am interested in
__________________________________
from the reading list.（随意选择我感兴趣的书）
6. Whoever
is planning the timetable must take the rush-hour traffic into
___________________________
consideration.（无论是谁在安排时间表）
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Rewrite the following sentences by using “unless. ”
Model:
If you don’t choose to make that happen, it won’t happen.
→That won’t happen unless you choose to make it happen.
1. If Tom doesn’t pass the exam this time, the school will force him to stay in grade two.
The
school will force Tom to stay in grade two unless he passes the exam this time.
__________________________________________________________________
2. I’ll call the police if you don’t stop that noise immediately.
I’ll call the police unless you stop that noise immediately.
_____________________________________________
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3. If the company keeps developing, it will survive global competition.
The
company won’t survive global competition unless it keeps developing.
__________________________________________________________
4. You must train very hard if you want to win an Olympic gold medal.
You
won’t win an Olympic gold medal unless you train very hard.
___________________________________________________
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Cloze
Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word.
As I reflect on the keys to success in my life, I must look backward
___ with
to my youth. When I was about 9 years old, I became (1) sick
rheumatic fever(风湿热) for about six months. Because I had to stay in
__ as to expand my knowledge. That
bed, I began to read a lot (2) so
perspective helped me (3) become
______ quite serious about school and
started not (4) only
______ hard. It
___ to work hard but also to enjoy (5) working
was then that I set my sights(希望) on being a doctor, (6) although
_______ how
to become one didn’t seem so clear. At a high school in New York, I
myself at a disadvantage because I came from East Harlem,
found (7) _____
(8) _____
which did not have a strong education system. When I felt fearful
(9) __
of failure, I decided I would make sure to do my very (10) best
___ and
go down fighting. To me, this would guarantee that at least I had done
all I could to (11) succeed
. I continue with that attitude (12)
, medical
______
through
______
school, and beyond, and it has served me very well.
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 就拿迈克尔•乔丹来说吧，人们很容易看到他的成就而忽视了他为使自己出类拔萃而在球场上
付出的血与汗的代价。
Take
Michael Jordan, it’s easy for people to see his achievements while neglect the
__________________________________________________________________
price
of blood and sweat that he has paid on the court in order to come out on top.
__________________________________________________________________
2. 在第一堂英语课上，老师就传达(convey)给我们一个清晰的信息：作为构成语言的基本材料，
生词是必须熟记(memorize)的；任何其他的捷径都是愚人金。
__________________________________________________________________
Right in the first English class, our teacher conveyed a clear message to us: as the
__________________________________________________________________
basic building blocks of the language, new words must be memorized; any other
_________________
shortcut is fool’s gold.
3.成千上万的中国劳工为美国第一条横贯大陆铁路的建设做出了巨大贡献；他们的巨大努力值
得记录在美国历史上。
Thousands
of Chinese laborers contributed greatly to the construction of America’s
__________________________________________________________________
first
transcontinental railroad, and their intense efforts deserve a page in American
___________________________________________________________________
history.
_____
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4. 说到训练，教练能毫无困难地忍受球员们的各种抱怨但从不向任何人妥协。
When
__________________________________________________________
it comes to training, the coach has no problem living with all sorts
of
__________________________________________________________
complaints of the players but he ever compromises with any of them.
5. 在有些是非之间的界限薄如蛋壳的情况下，传统道德准则显得尤为重要。
__________________________________________________________
Traditional
ethics seem especially important in some situations where the
______________________________________________
margin
between right and wrong is as thin as an eggshell.
6. 随着竞争的加剧，我们和我们的对手都在努力达到更高的服务标准。
__________________________________________________________
Mary
felt like learning Japanese and hoped she could learn it quickly, but
_______________________________________________________
soon
found it was too difficult for her to learn in a short period of time.
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Grammar Review
形 容 词 与 副 词 的 比 较 级 和 最 高 级 （ Adjectives and Adverbs: the Comparative
Degree and the Superlative Degree）
形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成分规则和不规则两种。规则的形容词比较级
构成是在词尾加词缀-er，或在词前加单词more；最高级构成是在词尾加词缀-est，或在
词前加单词most，如：short — shorter — shortest, difficult — more difficult —
most difficult。一般来说，单音节词末尾加-er和-est。单音节词以-e结尾，只加-r和-st。
除少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词末尾加-er和-est，多数双音节词和多音节词在
词前加单词more或most，如：clever — cleverer — cleverest, beautiful — more
beautiful — most beautiful。规则的副词比较级和最高级的构成是：和形容词同形的
副 词 构 成 方 式 与 相 应 的 形 容 词 相 同 ， 以 词 缀 -ly 结 尾 的 词 要 用 more 或 most ， 如 ：
commonly — more commonly — most commonly, quickly — more quickly —
most quickly（early中的-ly不是词缀）。不规则的形容词与副词比较级和最高级的构成
要 一 个 一 个 记 ， 如 ： good/well — better — best, little — less — least,
bad/badly — worse — worst, many/much — more — most, far —
farther/further — farthest/farthest等。
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用法
1.形容词或副词比较级+than，
表示“比…更…”。
例句
__________
than I was?
Were they smarter
他们比我更聪明吗？
_______
than five years, the tomato
In less
became a major crop in America. (Unit 2
B, Book 1)
在不到5年的时间里，番茄便成了美国的一种主
要作物。
And, the personal handwritten note from
valuable
___________
General Pershing is even more
than the stamps. (Unit 5 A, Book 2)
____
潘兴将军的亲笔信比这些邮票更加值钱。
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用
法
2.the+比较级…
the+比较级，表示
“越…越…”。
例
句
_______
more I liked him, and
… the
_______
more I got to know Kyle, the
my friends thought the same of him. (Unit 5 C, Book 2)
我越是了解凯尔，就越喜欢他，我的朋友也有同感。
_______
more I earn, the
It always seems like the
_______
more I spend.
总好像我钱挣得越多花得也越多。
The
________
more I thought about it, _______
the less I liked the idea.
这主意我越想越不喜欢。
3. the+形容词或副
the most complex system we know . (Unit 8
词最高级+表示比较 The brain is ____________________________
范围的成分，表示” A, Book 2)
最…”。在副词最高 大脑是我们所知道的最复杂的系统。
级前，the可用，可
不用。
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用
法
例
句
I believe that touching is ___________________
the most honest form of
communication
we will ever know . (Unit 6 A, Book 2)
__________________________
我认为触摸是我们所能知道的最真诚的交流方式。
The
most important thing they are trying to “teach” you is
___________________________________________
how to learn. （Unit 1 C, Book 1）
他们试图”教”你的最重要的东西是如何学习。
4. as + 形容词或副
词原级 + as表示”
像…一样”。否定
形式是not + so (as)
形容词或副词原级 +
as，表示”不如…
那样”。
merrily as
The river flowed over the lost treasure just as
__________
before. (Unit 7 B, Book 2)
小河一如既往，欢快地从他遗失的宝贝上面流过。
as intelligent as
He tried to prove that animals are _____________
humans. (Unit 4 B, Book 2)
他试图证明动物和人一样聪明。
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Complete the following conversation with the words in their proper
forms.
A: Now, you’ve all been in Hastings about a month, haven’t you? Tell me,
have you noticed any differences between your own country and England?
B: The climate’s different.
______ (warm) than it is in Italy?
A: In what way? Is it (1) warmer
B: Oh, no! It’s much (2) _____
colder (cold)!
C: Yes, I agree. It’s the (3) coldest
______ (cold) place I’ve ever been to in the
summer. Brazil’s much (4) ______
warmer (warm).
A: Yes… well… it’s been a (5) worse
_____ (bad) summer this year than usual. It’s
___ (wet) as this — honestly! But
not usually as (6) ____
cold (cold) or as (7) wet
apart from the weather, is there anything else you’ve noticed? What about
you, Ulla?
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D: Well, the first thing I noticed was the streets. They’re not as (8) clean
____ (clean)
as they are in Sweden. There’s a lot more litter(废弃物) everywhere.
A: What about the people themselves? Are they different?
B: Yes, they’re (9) more
___________
reserved (reserved) than Italians. They don’t show their
feelings very much.
A: Do you think they’re friendly?
D: Yes, they are, in a way, but I don’t think they’re as (10) friendly
______ (friendly) as
the people in Brazil — not in the same way, anyway.
A: What do you mean, Carlos?
D: Well, like Maria said, they’re (11) ____________
more reserved (reserved) than other
peoples. More formal, perhaps.
E: I don’t think so. Germans are much (12) __________
more formal (formal). For example,
when I first arrived, the family I’m staying with — Mr. And Mrs. Brown — told
me to call them by their first names. That would never happen in Germany.
A: Yes, I see. What about the standard of living? Is it (13) higher
_____ (high) or (14)
lower
____ (low) than you expected?
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Practical Writing
Cover Letters
Writing cover letters often seems like a particularly daunting task.
However, if you take it one step at a time, you’ll soon be an expert at writing
letters to send with your résumé.
A cover letter typically accompanies each résumé you send out. Your
cover letter may make the difference between obtaining a job interview and
having your résumé ignored, so, it makes good sense to devote the
necessary time and effort to writing effective cover letters.
A cover letter should complement, not duplicate your résumé. Its
purpose is to interpret the data-oriented, factual résumé and add a personal
touch. A cover letter is often your earliest written contact with a potential
employer, creating a critical first impression.
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All cover letters should:
Explain why you are sending a résumé. Don’t send a résumé without
a cover letter. Don’t make the reader guess what you are asking for; be
specific: Do you want a summer internship opportunity, or a permanent
position at graduation; are you inquiring about future employment
possibilities?
Tell specifically how you learned about the position or the
organization — a flyer posted in your department, a web site, a family
friend who works at the organization. It is appropriate to mention the
name of someone who suggested that you write.
Convince the reader to look at your résumé; the cover letter will be
seen first. Therefore, it must be very well written and targeted to that
employer.
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Call attention to elements of your background — education,
leadership, experience — that are relevant to a position you are seeking.
Be as specific as possible, using examples.
Reflect your attitude, personality, motivation, enthusiasm, and
communication skills.
Provide or refer to any information specifically requested in a job
advertisement that might not be covered in your résumé, such as
availability date, or reference to an attached writing sample.
Indicate what you will do to follow up. In a cover letter, applicants
often say something like “I look forward to hearing from you.” However, it
is better to take the initiative to follow up, saying something like, “I will
contact you in the next two weeks to see if you require any additional
information regarding my qualifications.”
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To be effective, your cover letter should follow the basic format of a
typical business letter and should address three general issues:
First Paragraph — Why you are writing
Middle Paragraphs — What you have to offer
Concluding Paragraph — How you will follow up
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Why You Are Writing
In some cases, you may have been referred to a potential employer by a
friend or acquaintance. Be sure to mention this mutual contact, by name, up
front since it is likely to encourage your reader to keep reading!
If you are writing in response to a job posting, indicate where you learned of
the position and the title of the position. More importantly, express your
enthusiasm and the likely match between your credentials and the position’s
qualifications.
If you are writing a prospecting letter — a letter in which you inquire about
possible job openings — state your specific job objective. Since this type of
letter is unsolicited, it is even more important to capture the reader’s attention.
If you are writing a networking letter to approach an individual for
information, make your request clear.
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What You Have to Offer
In responding to an advertisement, refer specifically to the qualifications
listed and illustrate how your particular abilities and experiences relate to the
position for which you are applying. In a prospecting letter express your
potential to fulfill the employer’s needs rather than focus on what the employer
can offer you. You can do this by giving evidence that you have researched
the organization thoroughly and that you possess skills used within that
organization. Emphasize your achievements and problem-solving skills. Show
how your education and work skills are transferable, and thus relevant, to the
position for which you are applying.
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How You Will Follow Up
Restate your strong interest in the position or organization and your desire
for a face—to-face meeting. Pave the way for the interview by indicating the
action or steps you will take to initiate a meeting. If this is not appropriate,
simply state that you look forward to hearing from the reader soon. Finally,
express your appreciation for the reader’s time and consideration.
In some instances, an employer may explicitly prohibit phone calls or you
may be responding to a blind want ad which precludes you from this follow-up.
Unless this is the case, make your best effort to reach the organization. At the
very least, you should confirm that your materials were received and that your
application is complete.
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If you are applying from outside the employer’s geographic area
you may want to indicate if you will be in town during a certain time
frame (this makes it easier for the employer to agree to meet with
you).
In conclusion, you may indicate that your references are available
on request. Also, if you have a portfolio or writing samples to support
your qualifications, state their availability.
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Read the following résumé cover letter and answer the questions that
follow.
Dear Mr. Smith:
Your interest
in a particular
position
I am interested in the position in your
company as a part-time accounting assistant. I
feel that my academic background and my
work experience qualify me for this position.
Your general
background
I am presently a junior accounting major at
Shanxi Business College. During the past few
years, I have taken courses in accounting,
taxation, trusts, and business law. Last spring,
I gained some practical accounting experience
by working in the accounting department of a
local company.
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Enclosure and
contact
information
My résumé is enclosed. If you have any
further questions or need more information,
please call me at 12345678.
Sincerely,
Li Dawei
Li Dawei
Enc.
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1. What position is Li Dawei interested in?
Part-time accounting assistant.
2. What courses has he taken?
Accounting, taxation, trusts, and business law.
3. What experience did he have?
He worked in the accounting department of a local company last spring.
4. How can he be reached?
By phone (at 12345678).
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Write a cover letter for a résumé using the information provided
below.
姓名：
应聘职位：
专业：
经历：
武艳
行政秘书(executive secretary)
公共关系(public relations)
学生会秘书
Suggested Answer:
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Suggested Answer:
Dear Ms. Smith:
I am applying for the position of executive secretary. / I am interested in the
position as an executive secretary. I feel that my academic background and my
work experience qualify me for this position.
I am presently a senior student at Shenyang Business College, majoring in
public relations. I have been the secretary of the student union at college in the
past three years.I enclose my resume, giving details of my background. If you
have any questions or need more information, please call me at (024) 87654321.
Sincerely,
Wu Yan
Wu Yan
Enc.
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Text B
CH
Perspective Is Everything
Kathy Pauuw
1 I first learned of Clement Stone in 1977, when I attended Interlochen Arts
Academy for my senior year of high school. Mr. Stone had given money to the
school to fund some scholarships, and I was one of the recipients of his
generosity. After I graduated from high school, I decided to write and thank Mr.
Stone for enabling me to attend this prestigious academy my last year of high
school. I was quite surprised to receive a long handwritten response from him,
in which he thanked me for taking the time to write and encouraged me to
follow my dreams.
?
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Text B
CH
2 Clement Stone was a self-made man. He was selling newspapers on
street corners at the age of 6. By the time he was 13 years old he had his
own newsstand. He started selling insurance at the age of 16. He dropped
out of school to work full time, finishing high school in night classes. During
the Depression, when others believed that insurance would be impossible to
sell, Stone saw tremendous possibilities. Soon he signed up salesmen to
work for him, eventually building his own company. By 1979, Stone’s
insurance company exceeded $1 billion in assets.
?
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Text B
CH
3 I recently heard a story that paralleled Stone’s
own success story. As the story goes, two shoe
salesmen were sent to Africa. N The first reported a
problem — all of the natives went barefoot — and
thus he believed that there was no market in Africa
for shoes. The second salesman reported an
opportunity — all of the natives went barefoot — and
thus he believed that Africa held a tremendous
market for shoes.
?
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Text B
CH
Problems vs. Opportunities
4 N We live in an unusual time with corporate downsizing, restructuring,
and an increase in global competition. Some view these times as
problematic; others see the incredible opportunities created by such change.
5
In the last decade there has been a huge growth in service-industry
businesses. These businesses have been started by individuals with the
courage to pursue their dreams. N Yet, for every idea that is implemented,
thousands of ideas never get beyond the conceptual stage… from the
imagination to a plan of action.
?
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Text B
CH
6
What holds people back from pursuing their dreams and acting on
their great ideas? I believe it’s fear of failure. Someone once said N “there
are a lot of ways to become a failure, but never taking a chance is the
most successful way.” I’ve also heard it said that “people don’t plan to
fail… they fail to plan.”
.
?
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Text B
CH
7
Companies these days must be willing and able to change constantly.
Sometimes companies change course to survive, and sometimes they do so
because an opportunity is too good to resist. I know of a small company that
provided a messenger service several years ago. A sudden major increase in
corporate use of fax machines nearly put this small company out of business.
N Fortunately, the owner of the company was clever enough to realize other
global corporate trends happening at the same time. N As those companies
were acquiring fax machines, square footage of office space was decreasing,
generating a need for more offsite storage space. The owner shifted from
offering a messenger service to providing an offsite records storage service,
and soon business was booming once again.
?
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Text B
CH
8
It all comes down to perspective. When there was a downturn in the
economy, some people said to themselves, “This is terrible! With the
downturn in the economy, nobody will have a budget for my services.”
Others thought, “This is great! N With the tightening of budgets and the loss
of support staff, there’s an even greater need for executives and
professionals to be more productive and effective, which is precisely what
I’m here to help them do!”
9 As important as positive mental attitude is, Stone says that “there is
something more important than believing: Action! The world is full of
dreamers, there aren’t enough who will move ahead and begin to take
concrete steps to fulfill their dreams.”
(656 words)
?
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Chinese Version
看法决定一切 (凯西•波奥)
BACK
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1) What’s the relationship between the writer and Mr. Clement Stone?
Mr. Stone had given money to Interlochen Arts Academy to fund
some scholarships, and the writer was one of the recipients of his
generosity.
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Chinese Version
看法决定一切
凯西•波奥
我第一次听说克莱门特•斯通是在1977年， 那时我进入密歇根州的英特洛琴艺术学
院读高三。斯通先生捐钱给这所学校赞助设立了一些奖学金，而我是他慷慨赞助的受益
者之一。 高中毕业后，我决定写封信给斯通先生，感谢他使我能在这所名校完成高中
最后一年的学业。我意外地收到他一封很长的亲笔回信，他在信中感谢我抽时间给他写
信，还鼓励我去追求自己的梦想。
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Language Points
learn of:
become aware of (sth.) through information or observation;
realize 获悉，得知；认识到
e.g.
I learned of the job opening through Jack .
T
我是从杰克那里听说这个职位空缺的。
He finally learned of the mistake he had made.
T
他终于认识到了自己的错误。
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Language Points
fund :
1. n.
sum of money saved or made available for a particular
purpose 专款，基金
e.g.
donate funds to the poor students
向贫困学生捐资
T
raise funds for the 2008 Olympics
T
为2008年奥运会筹措资金
2. vt.
provide (an institution, a project, etc.) with money
为（机构、项目等）提供资金，资助
e.g.
My parents funded my college education.
T
我父母资助我上大学。
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Language Points
scholarship : n. a grant of money to a promising student 奖学金
e.g.
Ben attended college on a sports scholarship.
T
本靠一笔体育奖学金上了大学。
He went to drama school on a scholarship.
T
他靠奖学金上了戏剧学校。
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Language Points
recipient : n. person who receives sth. 接受者
e.g.
the recipient of a prize/gift
T
获奖者/接受礼物的人
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Language Points
encourage : vt.
give support, confidence or hope to (sb.)
鼓励，支持
e.g.
Are you trying to encourage or discourage him by saying this?
T
你这么说是想鼓励他还是泄他的气？
I was greatly encouraged by their support.
T
他们的支持给了我极大的鼓励。
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2) How did Mr. Stone spend his early years?
He started working at an early age and managed to finish high
school in night classes.
3) What enabled Mr. Stone to build his own insurance company?
He saw tremendous possibilities in selling insurance during the
Depression and eventually built his own insurance company. (Or:
His unique perspective of the insurance business during the
Depression.)
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Chinese Version
克莱门特•斯通是个靠自己奋斗成功的人。他6岁时就在街头卖报，13岁时拥有了
自己的报摊，16岁时开始卖保险。为了能全天工作，他退了学，是在夜校里读完高中
的。大萧条期间，别人都认为保险卖不掉时，斯通却看到了巨大的商机。不久，他便
签约聘用了一些推销员为他工作，并最终创建了自己的公司。到1979年，斯通保险公
司的资产已超过了10亿美元。
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Language Points
self-made : a. having become successful, rich, etc. by one’s
own efforts 靠自己奋斗成功的，白手起家的
e.g.
a self-made millionaire
T
白手起家的百万富翁
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drop out:
leave school, university, etc. without finishing one’s courses
中途退学；辍学
e.g.
She dropped out of college and found a job.
T
她读大学时中途退学找了份工作。
She dropped out of the race after two laps.
T
跑了两圈后她退出了比赛。
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tremendous : a. very great; immense 极大的；巨大的
e.g.
tremendous trouble/debt/use
T
大麻烦 / 巨债 / 巨大的用途
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possibility : n. state of being possible; likelihood 可能；可能性
e.g.
Is there any possibility that you’ll be able to come tomorrow?
T
你明天有可能来吗？
There’s slight possibility of winning the game.
T
赢得比赛的可能性很小。
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sign :
1. n. mark, symbol, etc. used to represent sth.; board, notice, etc. that directs
sb. towards sth., gives a warning, advertises a business, etc. 记号；符号；
牌子；指示牌；招牌
e.g.
traffic signs.
T
交通标志
2. vt. write (one’s name) on ( a document, etc.) 签(名), 署（名）；签署（文件等）
e.g.
The two countries signed a peace agreement.
T
两国签署了一项和平协议。
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sign up:
(cause sb. to) sign an agreement to work for sb.; employ
签约雇用；签约受雇；雇用
e.g.
She’s been signed up by Hollywood.
T
她已与好莱坞签约。
Shall we sign up some full-time workers?
T
我们雇几个全职人员好吗？
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eventually : ad. in the end; at last 最后；终于
e.g.
Eventually I saw what he meant.
T
我总算明白了他的意思。
If you keep practicing, you might eventually become a good singer.
T
如果你坚持练习，也许最终会成为一位优秀的歌唱家。
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exceed : vt. be greater or more numerous than; go beyond
超过；胜过；超出
e.g.
His achievements have exceeded expectations.
T
他的成就出乎意料。
The sales exceeded my expectation.
T
销售超出了我的预期。
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asset : n. ［usu. pl.］ all the things a person or a company owns,
including property, money, etc. 资产；财产
e.g.
An experienced coach is a good asset to our team.
T
一位久经沙场的教练是我们队的宝贵财富。
T
national assets .
国有财产。
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salesman : n. person whose job is to sell goods; shop assistant;
sales representative 售货员；店员；推销员
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newsstand : n. stand at which newspapers and magazines are
sold 报摊；报刊柜
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depression : n. period when there is little economic activity, and usu.
poverty and unemployment; (with capital D) period in the
1930s when there was a depression in the USA and then in
all parts of the world 不景气，萧条(期)；(D-)大萧条（1930年
代美国及全世界的严重经济萧条)
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4) What’s the difference between the two shoe salesmen who went to Africa?
They had opposite perspectives on the same fact that people in Africa went
barefoot, one optimistic and the other pessimistic.
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Chinese Version
我最近听到一个故事，和斯通自己的成功故事相似。故事说，有两位鞋子推销员
被派往非洲。第一位推销员报告了一个难题——所有的当地人都打赤脚—— 因此他认
为在非洲没有鞋子市场。第二位推销员报告了一个商机——所有的当地人都打赤脚—
—因此他认为非洲有一个巨大的鞋子市场。
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parallel :
1. a. (of lines, etc.) always the same distance from each other at every
point; similar; same （线等）平行的；类似的；相同的
e.g.
parallel lines
T
平行线
2. n.
line that is parallel to another; person, situation, event, etc. that is
exactly similar to another 平行线；极相似的人（或情况、事件等）
e.g.
It’s a disaster with no parallel anywhere else in the world.
T
这是一场在世界上任何其他地方都不曾发生过的灾难。
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parallel
3. vt. be similar to; match
与…相似；与…相当
e.g.
No one has paralleled her success in acting.
T
在表演上没有人像她那样成功。
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Africa : n.
非洲
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The first reported a problem — all of the natives went barefoot — and
thus he believed that there was no market in Africa for shoes.
第一位推销员报告了一个难题——所有的当地人都打赤脚——因此他认为在非
洲没有鞋子市场。
破折号中间的部分是problem的同位语。
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native : n. person born in a place, country, etc.; one of the original
people in a particular country 土生土长者，本地人，
本国人；土人，土著
e.g.
Are you a native of Peking?
T
你是北京本地人吗？
The natives were friendly to the visitors.
T
土著居民对客人们很友好。
native language/country
T
母语/祖国
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bare : a. without clothing; not covered
赤裸的；不穿衣服的；光秃的，不遮盖的
e.g.
He walked in his bare feet.
T
他光着脚走路。
In winter the trees are all bare.
T
冬天树木都光秃秃的。
barefoot : a., ad. without shoes or stockings 赤脚(的)
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thus : ad. therefore; as a result; in this way; like this
因此；从而；以此方式；这样
e.g.
The weather forecast promised sunshine for today. Thus, I was quite
unprepared for rain.
T
天气预报说今天是晴天。所以，我对下雨毫无准备。
He is eighteen now, and thus can buy beer by himself.
T
他18岁了，因此可以自己买啤酒了。
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5) How did those individuals who started service-industry businesses
see such issues as corporate downsizing, restructuring, and an
increase in global competition?
They saw such issues as changes that offered incredible opportunities.
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Chinese Version
问题对机遇
我们生活在一个公司裁员、结构调整和全球竞争加剧的非常时期。有些人把这种时
期看作问题成堆；另一些人却从改变中看到无限的机会。
过去十年间服务行业有了巨大的发展。这些企业都是那些有勇气追求梦想的人创办
的。然而，每一个付诸实践的想法背后都有数以千计的想法从未超越概念的阶段……从
未从想象变成行动。
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versus : prep. (abbr. vs.) ［Latin] against ［拉］对；与…相对
e.g.
the LA Laker vs. the Houston Rockets
T
洛杉矶湖人队对休斯敦火箭队
The match tonight is China versus Japan.
T
今晚的比赛是中国队对日本队。
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unusual : a. rare or exceptional; remarkable because different;
distinctive 少有的，异乎寻常的；与众不同的，独特的
e.g.
an unusual event/present
T
非同寻常的事件/礼物
It is unusual to have rain at this time of year.
T
这时候下雨不太正常。
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downsize : vi. reduce in number; cut back 裁员
e.g.
40% of the downsized employees went into their own businesses.
T
被裁雇员中有40％的人做起了自己的生意。
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structure :
1. n. way in which sth. is put together, organized, built, etc.; building
结构；构造；建筑物
e.g.
sentence structure
T
句子结构
the structure of the bridge
T
桥的构造
2. vt. give structure to (sth.); organize 建筑，建造；构成；组织
e.g.
We are trying to structure the meeting so that there is plenty
of time for discussion.
T
我们正尽力将会议安排得有充分的时间进行讨论。
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restructure : vt. give a new or different structure or
arrangement to (sth.) 重建，改组，调整
e.g.
The company was restructured into four divisions.
T
该公司重组为四个分部。
The old industry needs restructuring.
T
老工业需要调整。
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global : a. covering or affecting the whole world
全球的，全世界的
e.g.
the global village
T
地球村
global warming
T
全球变暖
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competition : n. event in which people compete;
contest; competing 比赛；竞赛；竞争
e.g.
bitter/fierce/stiff competition.
T
激烈的竞争
Why are we always in competition against each other?
T
为什么我们总是互相竞争？
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view : vt. consider; regard
考虑；看待
e.g.
The traditional view was that marriage was meant to last.
T
传统的观念是结成夫妻就要白头到老。
In my view it was a waste of time.
T
依我看，这是浪费时间。
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problematic : a. having difficulties and problems; (esp. of a result)
that cannot be foreseen; doubtful
有问题的，成问题的；（尤指结果）
难以预料的，有疑问的
e.g.
a problematic relationship
T
有问题的关系。
The situation is somewhat problematic.
T
形势有些问题。
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growth n.
(process of ) growing; development; increase
生长；发展；增加；增长
e.g.
the slow growth of plants
T
植物的缓慢生长
a sudden growth in number
T
数量的突然增加
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individual : n. single human being
个人
e.g.
The competition is open to both teams and individuals.
T
团队和个人均可以参加比赛。
What a bad-tempered individual you are!
T
你这家伙脾气真坏！
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implement : vt. put into effect; carry out
使生效；履行；实施；贯彻
e.g.
implement a plan/law
T
实施计划/法律
implement a system/tool
T
将系统/工具投入使用
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beyond : prep. to, towards the farther side of; farther away than;
past so as to leave behind; outside the limit(s) of
向…的那一边；远于；越出；超出
e.g.
I know nothing beyond what I’ve already told you.
T
除了已经告诉你的以外，我一无所知。
It won’t go on beyond midnight.
T
这事不会延迟到午夜以后。
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conceptual : a. of or based on concepts
概念的
e.g.
This is not just conceptual stuff. It’s being put into use.
T
这不仅仅是构想。它正被付诸实践。
Our mind is capable of more than just conceptual thinking.
T
除了理性思考外，我们的头脑还有更多的功用。
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get beyond: get ahead of 超过，越过
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We live in an unusual time with corporate downsizing, restructuring, and
an increase in global competition.
我们生活在一个公司裁员、结构调整和全球竞争加剧的非常时期。
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Yet, for every idea that is implemented, thousands of ideas never get beyond
the conceptual stage… from the imagination to a plan of action.
然而，每一个付诸实践的想法背后都有数以千计的想法从未超越概念的阶
段……从未从想象变为行动计划。
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6) Why can’t many people act on their ideas and pursue their dreams?
Because they are afraid of failure.
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Chinese Version
是什么阻止了人们去追求他们的梦想并按照他们美妙的思想去行动
呢？我认为是对失败的畏惧。曾有人说：“有很多办法可以让人失败，
但最成功的办法是从不冒险。”我还听人说过： “人们并非计划要失
败……他们是没有计划。”
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hold back: prevent from advancing; control; restrain
阻止，阻挡；控制；限制
e.g.
If we had not held him back, he would have fought back at the man.
T
要不是我们拦住他，他就对那人还手了。
Research was held back by the departure of the leading scientist.
T
研究因为首席科学家的离去而受阻。
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act on: take action in accordance with 按照…行动；根据…行事
e.g.
We will act on any suggestion that benefits our company.
T
任何对公司有利的建议我们都会采纳。
He immediately acted on the opportunity and got the job.
T
他抓住机会立即行动，得到了那份工作。
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… there are a lot of ways to become a failure, but never taking a chance is
the most successful way:
有很多办法可以让人失败，但最成功的办法是从不冒险。
the most successful way = the most successful way to become a failure.
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7) What point has the story of the small company proved?
Companies these days must be willing and able to change
constantly.
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Chinese Version
今日的公司必须愿意并且能够不断地变化。有时，公司为了生存改变方向，有时这
样做是因为机会太好难以抵拒。我知道有一家小公司几年前是提供信件投递服务的。公
司使用传真机的突增使这家小公司几近倒闭。幸亏这家公司的老板机敏地意识到其他跨
国公司里同时出现了这一趋势。随着那些公司购进传真机，办公室的面积正在不断减少，
从而产生了对更多办公室外贮存空间的需求。像这位老板将信件投递服务转为提供办公
室外档案贮存服务，很快公司的生意又兴隆起来。
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constant : a. happening again and again; never stopping
不断发生的；经常的
e.g.
Babies need constant attention.
T
婴儿一刻也离不开人。
a constant stream of visitors all day
T
整天络绎不绝的游客
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resist : vt. fight back against; keep oneself from (having,
taking, doing sth.) 抵抗；反抗；忍住，抵制
e.g.
resist an enemy attack / a temptation
T
抵抗敌人的进攻/抵制诱惑
I couldn’t resist laughing.
T
我忍不住笑了起来。
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put out of business: cause to become bankrupt
使歇业；使破产；使倒闭
e.g.
Shopping malls have put many small stores out of business.
T
大型购物中心（销品茂）使许多小商店倒闭了。
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fortunately : ad. by good luck; luckily 幸运地；幸亏
e.g.
Fortunately I caught the last bus.
T
我幸运地赶上了末班车。
I was just slightly injured, fortunately.
T
幸运的是，我只受了点轻伤。
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trend : n. general tendency or direction 趋势，趋向，倾向
e.g.
economic trends
T
经济趋势
This trend is being reversed.
T
这种倾向正在扭转。
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decrease : v. (cause to) become smaller or fewer
(使)变小；（使）变少；减少
e.g.
The number of road accidents is decreasing.
T
交通事故的数量在减少。
The customer decreased the size of the order.
T
顾客减少了订单上的数量。
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storage : n. storing of goods, etc.; space used for this
(货物等的)贮存，贮藏；贮藏库，仓库
e.g.
Our large house has plenty room for storage.
T
我们的大房子有足够的储物空间。
the storage of information
T
信息存储
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boom : vi. increase rapidly 迅速增长
e.g.
Business is booming.
T
生意日益兴隆。
Our friendship boomed.
T
我们的友谊日渐增长。
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messenger : n. person carrying a massage
送信者，信件投递者
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fax : 1. vt. send (copies of writing or pictures) along a telephone
line using special machines 用传真机传送（文件、图片等）
2. n. system for sending such a copy 传真(系统)
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owner : n person who owns sth. 物主，所有人
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Fortunately, the owner of the company was clever enough to realize
other global corporate trends happening at the same time.
幸亏这家公司的老板机敏地意识到了其他跨国公司里同时出现了这
一趋势。
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As those companies were acquiring fax machines, square footage
of office space was decreasing, generating a need for more offsite
storage space.
随着那些公司购进传真机，办公室的面积正在不断减少，从而产生
了对更多办公室外贮存空间的需求。
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8) What are the elements important to achieving success
according to the writer?
A positive mental attitude and action.
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Chinese Version
这一切都可归结于人们的看法。当经济低迷时，有的人可能会说：“糟透了！随着
经济衰退，没人会有预算留给我的服务了。” 而另外一些人却认为： “太好了！随着预
算紧缩和辅助人员的流失，更需要主管和专业人员提高生产力和效率，而这正是我能帮
他们做到的！”
和积极的心态同样重要的是行动。斯通说： “有一样比相信更重要的东西：行动！
世界上充满了梦想家，但肯迈开步子、开始采取具体步骤来实现其梦想的人却不够多。”
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come down to: may be summarized as 可归结为
e.g.
Whether we can succeed this time comes down to timing.
T
这一次我们能否成功应归结为时机的选择。
It all comes down to money in the end.
T
最终可归结为钱的问题。
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downturn : n. downward trend; decline
下降趋势；衰退
e.g.
This year the company saw a downturn of 15% in profits.
T
今年该公司的利润减少了15%。
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economy : n. 经济
e.g.
global/world economy
T
全球/世界经济
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budget : n. estimate or plan of how money will be spent over
a period of time in relation to the amount of money
available 预算
e.g.
There isn’t enough money in the family budget to pay for a new computer.
T
家庭预算中没有足够的钱买一辆新的电脑。
The budget for food is five hundred dollars a month.
T
购买食品的预算是每月500美元。
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With the tightening of budgets and the loss of support staff, there’s an even
greater need for executives and professionals to be more productive and
effective, which is precisely what I’m here to help them do!
随着预算紧缩和辅助人员的流失，更需要主管和专业人员提高生产力和效率，
而这正是我能帮他们做到的！
which 指的是前面的整个句子。
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tighten : v. (cause to) become tight or tighter
（使）变紧；（使）变得更严格
e.g.
Security at the airport has been tightened.
T
机场的安检措施得到了加强。
The family had to tighten their belts so the children could go to college.
T
这家人不得不勒紧裤带（节衣缩食）以供孩子们上大学。
(tighten one’s belt: 勒紧裤带；节衣缩食)
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loss : n. act, instance or process of losing
丧失，遗失，损失
e.g.
I can’t afford the loss of your friendship.
T
我无法承受失去你的友谊。
How much loss did you suffer in this fire?
T
在这次大火中你们遭受了多少损失？
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executive : n. person or group in a business organization, etc.
with administrative or managerial powers
(企业等中的)管理人员，经理；决策人；董事会
e.g.
a sales executive
T
销售部经理
CEO: Chief
T
Executive Officer
首席执行官
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precise : a. exact; accurate 恰好的；精确的
e.g.
You must give a precise explanation what you are looking for.
T
你必须确切地说明你要找的东西。
precise calculation
T
精确的计算
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precisely: ad. exactly; accurately; just 精确地；恰好
e.g.
That is precisely what I mean.
T
那正是我的意思。
You’re precisely the kind of person we’re looking for.
T
你正是我们要找的那种人。
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take steps:
take action
采取步骤，采取行动
e.g.
You can take steps to prevent heart disease from now on.
T
你可以从现在开始采取措施预防心脏病。
The government had taken steps to improve public transportation.
T
政府已采取措施改善公共交通。
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concrete : a. existing in material form; that can be touched, felt,
etc.; definite 有形的，实在的；具体的；确实的
e.g.
concrete evidence/proof
T
确实证据/确实的证明
I haven’t any concrete thoughts so far.
T
目前我还没有任何具体的想法
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Text B Exercises
Answer the following questions.
Fill in the following blanks with the words or expressions given below.
Change the forms where necessary.
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. What’s the relationship between the writer and Mr. Clement Stone?
2. How did Mr. Stone spend his early years?
3. What enabled Mr. Stone to build his own insurance company?
4. What’s the difference between the two shoe salesmen who went to Africa?
5. How did those individuals who started service-industry businesses see
such issues as corporate downsizing, restructuring, and an increase in
global competition?
6. Why can’t many people act on their ideas and pursue their dreams?
7. What point has this story about the small company proved?
8. What are the elements important to achieving success according to
the writer?
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Fill in the following blanks with the words or expressions given below.
Change the forms where necessary.
encourage
competition
tremendous
view
possibility
fortunately
eventually
resist
thus
rend
unusual
decrease
1. As soon as the plan was released, it received tremendous
__________support from the
public.
2. With the increase in global competition, the company’s share( 份 额 ) of
market has been _________
decreasing sharply in the past two years.
____ of the
3. Sales were 15% lower than last year, continuing the downward trend
last few years.
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4. Susan hadn’t expected to stay at the job for more than four years — she
had viewed it as a stepping stone to some other career.
_________
5. Eventually
________ we were seated at a table in the restaurant after waiting twenty
minutes.
6. It is no surprise that in the heat of the summer season, the lure（诱惑） of
a swimming pool is just too hard to resist
____ .
7. — Have you decided what to do?
— No, I’m still considering the various possibilities
_________ .
8. People living alone have less chance to communicate with others, thus
___
they are more likely to turn to the Internet.
Fortunately we found a gas station just as we were getting worried about
9. _________
our low gas.
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10. I am most thankful to my advisor for encouraging
__________ me, for listening to me and
for making everything we discussed interesting.
11. To him, running the 10,000 meter race is no longer a __________
competition against
other athletes, but a competition against his past performances.
unusual for the street to be so quiet and clear at this time of day.
12. It was a bit _______
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
learn of
drop out
sign up
hold hack
act on
take a chance
come down to
take steps (to do sth.)
1. If Jim had
__________
acted on my advice, his company would not have gone out of
business.
___________
down to how much we can
2. Eventually our choice of hotel will come
afford(付得起).
________
of the accident two hours after the boy was
3. The boy’s father learned
sent to hospital.
signed up three new players for this season.
4. The football club(俱乐部) has
___________
taking a chance , of acting on impulse（冲动)
5. Honestly, the idea of _____________
without a well-thought-out plan, is not attractive to me at all.
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6. Feeling his opponent too strong to beat, Wilson dropped
out of the race for
_________
president.
steps to reduce pollution in the
7. Factories are encouraged to take
________
production process.
8. The novel was
held back from publication until after the writer’s death.
___________
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Text C
CH
Fu Mingxia: The Diving Queen
Author Unknown
1
“I began to practice diving at the age of nine. I still
remember the first time I stood on top of the 10-meter
platform,” she said. “It was so high above the water! But we
had a professional rule: a diver must leave the platform from
the front, that means you have to dive. A diver can never
descend（下来） by the stairs at the rear of the platform. So I
jumped. I was scared to death. My heart was about to come
out of my body. But I did it.”
2
Down she went, and her career rose to the top like a
bubble of air. Only three years later, at the 1990 Friendship
Games in the United States, she won her first international
title. The following year, she became the youngest world
champion ever, age 13, after she collected another crown at
the 1991 World Championships.
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Text C
跳水皇后伏明霞
佚名
“我是9岁那年开始练习跳水的。第一次站在10米跳台上的情景我还记忆犹新，”伏明
霞说。 “跳台离水面太高了！但我们这行有条规矩：跳水运动员必须从跳台的前边下去，
也就是说你一定得往下跳。跳水运动员绝不可以从跳台后边的扶梯走下去。于是我就跳了。
我怕得要死，心都快跳出来了，但我还是做到了。”
伏明霞跳了下去，而她的跳水生涯却像气泡一样升到了顶端。仅仅三年之后，她便在
美国举行的1990年友好运动会上获得了第一枚国际比赛的冠军。第二年，13岁的伏明霞又
在1991年世界锦标赛上夺冠，成为有史以来最年轻的世界冠军。
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Text C
CH
3
Her winning streak(连胜) continued as she took the gold
medal in the women’s 10 meter platform at the 1992
Barcelona Olympics. This time, she became the youngest
Olympic diving champion of all time.
4
“I think a female diver can easily reach the peak of her
career before 15,” she said. “But after that, you have to endure
many growing pains. For example, to retain the elegance（典雅）
of the sport, one has to keep a slim(苗条的) figure. But your
body is developing. You need to eat to provide your body with
enough nutrients（营养物）and stuff. I was really miserable. I felt
hungry shortly after I had a meal. I couldn’t explain why I felt
hungry so quickly, but that was the case then.”
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Text C
伏明霞延续着她的胜利，在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上，她一举夺得女子10米跳台
跳水的金牌。这次，她成了有史以来最年轻的奥运会跳水冠军。
“我觉得女子跳水运动员可以很容易在15岁之前达到运动生涯的巅峰,”她说。”
但在这之后，你就得经受许多成长的烦恼。比如说，为保持这项运动的典雅，你必须
保持苗条的身材。可是你的身体正在发育，需要通过饮食给身体提供充足的营养和食
物。我那时真的很痛苦。刚吃了饭，一会儿肚子又饿了。我也说不清楚为什么这么快
就饿了，不过当时的情况就是这样。”
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Text C
CH
5 Apart from an annoying（恼人的）weight problem, Fu Mingxia also faced
the problem of illness. Years of hard training not only brought her fame, but
also countless injuries, and pressure that was almost unbearable. She
confessed（承认）that she cried many times during her preparation for the
1996 Atlanta Olympics, but found consolation （安慰） in music. “Over the
years, music has played a great role in my life. I had a large collection, and
so did my teammates. We sometimes had music playing at our training
center,” she said. “I found comfort and peace in those beautiful melodies（旋
律）.”
6
Fu Mingxia succeeded again in Atlanta. Not only had she reaffirmed（重
新确立）her dominance（统治地位）on the 10-meter platform, but also showed
her talent on the three-meter springboard（跳板）. She won gold medals in
both these events, writing another chapter in Olympic history.
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Text C
除了烦人的体重问题，伏明霞还面临伤病的困扰。多年的艰苦训练不只使她名声
大噪，也给她带来了无数的伤痛和难以承受的压力。她坦言在备战1996年亚特兰大奥
运会期间自己哭过多次，不过她在音乐中找到了慰藉。”这么多年来，音乐在我的生
活里一直起着非常重要的作用。我收集了很多音乐唱片，我的队友也是。我们训练中
心有时候也会放放音乐，”她说。”那些美妙的旋律使我觉得既舒心又平静。”
伏明霞在亚特兰大再度获得成功。她不仅重新确立了自己在10米跳台上的霸主地
位，而且展示了她在3米跳板上的天资。她一人包揽了这两个项目的金牌，在奥林匹
克史册上抒写下又一光辉的篇章。
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Text C
CH
7
But the physically and mentally exhausted star decided to bid farewell to
（告别）both the platform and the board. She announced her retirement after
the Atlanta Olympic Games. She chose to study at Tsinghua University, one
of the top universities in China. The decision aroused some criticism,
because none of her teammates could step up to take her place. But a
grown-up and very determined Fu Mingxia refused to change her decision,
and went off to enjoy life on campus. She was very happy, and we saw her
gaining weight, a problem that had annoyed her for years, but now no longer
troubled her. But while Fu Mingxia was enjoying a relaxed university life, she
felt something itching （ 使 人 发 痒 ） deep down inside her heart. It was the
familiar splashing of water. As if to comfort her nostalgia（怀恋）for the sport, a
pool was built on the campus and a university diving club was started. Fu
Mingxia decided to make a comeback.
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Text C
然而这位身心俱疲的明星决定告别跳台和跳板了。她在亚特兰大奥运会之后便宣布
退役，选择到国内一流的清华大学就读。这一决定引起了一些非议，因为队友中还没有
人能取代她的位置。但是，已经长大的伏明霞去意已决，她拒绝改变自己的决定，毅然
步入校园去享受新生活。她很开心，体重也增加了，但这个曾经困扰她多年的问题现在
已不再令她烦恼了。可就在伏明霞享受着轻松的大学生活的同时，她却感到内心深处有
某种东西在涌动。那是她所熟悉的水花飞溅声。仿佛是为了抚慰她对跳水的怀恋，校园
里新建了一个游泳池，还成立了一个大学跳水俱乐部。伏明霞决定复出。
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Text C
CH
8
“I didn’t dream of competing for the Olympics again at that time. I just
felt that I still wanted to dive, and there were the National University Games in
sight, so I decided to come back,” she said. “Later on, when I regained my
strength and agility（灵活）, I had the big dream of competing in my third
Olympiad. I worked very hard, and successfully passed the national trial. I
finished second, thereby winning a place on the national Olympic squad.”
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Text C
“那时我并没有想着要再次参加奥运会比赛。我只是觉得我还想跳水，而且全
国大学生运动会就在眼前，于是我决定复出，”伏明霞说。“后来，当我恢复了体
力和灵活性，我才有了第三次参加奥运会的宏大梦想。我训练得很刻苦，顺利地通
过了国内选拔赛。我名列第二，在中国奥运代表团中赢得了一席之地。”
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Text C
CH
9
In Sydney, Fu Mingxia suffered a setback though it would be seen as a
great achievement for most divers. She and her teammate only took second
place in the women’s three-meter synchronized diving（双人跳水）. But it came
as no surprise, because the duo（两人组合） had only practiced together for
less than six months, while their Russian counterparts, the reigning（本届的）
world cham-pions, had worked together for several years. A sophisticated（成
熟老练的）Fu Mingxia smiled again, and said she was happy with her first
Olympic silver medal. A few days later, she returned to the board for the
individual event. Her confidence and perfect skills convinced the judges, as
well as the spectators and her competitors that she was the best. She had
won her fourth Olympic gold. She again made Olympic history, as her four
golds and one silver lifted her head and shoulders above all the female divers
the world has ever seen.
(788 words)
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Text C
在悉尼，伏明霞遇到了一次挫折，尽管这挫折对大多数跳水运动员来说会被看作是
巨大的成功。伏明霞和她的队友在女子3米板双人跳水中屈居亚军。但这不足为奇，因
为两人配对练习还不到半年，而她们的俄罗斯对手，当时的世界冠军已经合作了好几年。
久经沙场的伏明霞再次微笑着，说很高兴拿到自己的第一块奥运银牌。几天之后，她重
返跳板参加个人项目的角逐。她的自信和完美的技术令所有裁判、观众和对手都相信她
是最好的。伏明霞赢得了她的第四枚奥林匹克金牌。她再度创造了奥运历史，因为她的
四金一银使她大大超过了世界上所有的女子跳水运动员。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. Fu Mingxia became the youngest Olympic diving champion at the
age of __________.
KEY
A) 9
B) 13
C) 14
D) 15
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2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as something that bothered Fu
Mingxia after she was 15?
KEY
A) A stomach problem.
B) Her developing body.
C) Physical injuries.
D) Unbearable pressures.
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3. Fu Mingxia wrote another chapter in Olympic history in 1996 by
_________________.
KEY
A) becoming the youngest diving champion in the world
B) being the champion again after the 1992 Olympics
C) reaffirming her dominance on the 10-meter platform
D) winning gold medals in two different events
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4. Why did her decision of retirement cause some criticism?
KEY
A) Because she was too young to retire then.
B) Because she hadn’t reached the peak of her career.
C) Because no one could match her competitiveness.
D) Because her choice to study had little to do with her career.
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5. What made her decide to come back to diving?
KEY
A) The attraction of the new pool on campus.
B) The invitation of the university diving club.
C) The love of the sport deep in her heart.
D) The relaxing but boring university life.
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6. When she first decided to come back, she was preparing for
KEY
.
A) the National University Games
B) the national trial
C) her third Olympiad
D) no competition at all
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7. Fu Mingxia and her teammate only took second place in the women’s
three-meter synchronized diving because ______________.
KEY
A) the judges were unfair to them
B) they hadn’t practiced together long enough
C) they made a serious fault in performance
D) Fu Mingxia was not good at this event
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8. In Sydney, Fu Mingxia again made Olympic history by winning
______________.
KEY
A) two gold medals
B) one gold and one silver
C) two golds and one silver
D) four golds and one silver
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Basic Reading Skills
Reading Classified Ads
在当今社会中，广告在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。人们通过广告找工作、购
物、买车、租房等等。分类广告（Classified Ads）又称小广告（Small Ads），或
在美国也称Want Ads，是报纸杂志中常见的一种广告。由于受到版面空间的限制以及
刊登广告所需费用的影响，分类广告大量使用缩写词。而对于出现在网络上的报纸杂
志或网站中的分类广告，这种版面空间的限制就少得多，广告内容也就详细得多。
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A. Read the following Web page and match the Chinese job titles that follow
with their English Equivalents.
Browse Our Most Popular Job Titles
Biotechnology
●
●
●
Scientist
QC
Bioinformatics
Hospitality
●
Cook
●
Waitstaff
Housekeeper
●
More Biotech Jobs >>
Education
●
●
●
Librarian
Teacher
Coach
More Education Jobs >>
More Hospitality Jobs >>
Legal
●
●
●
Attorney
Paralegal
Legal Secretary
More Legal Jobs >>
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Finance
●
●
●
Retail
Accountant
Consultant
Controller
●
Retail Sales
●
Cashier
Store Manager
●
More Finance Jobs >>
Healthcare
●
●
●
Nurse
Medical Assistant
Radiology Technician
More Healthcare Jobs >>
More Retail Jobs >>
Technology
●
●
●
Software Engineer
Mechanical Engineer
System Administrator
More Technology Jobs >>
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1. 会计
3. 饭店酒吧服务员
5. 机械工程师
7. 软件工程师
9. 家政服务员
11. 法律秘书
Accountant
_________
2. 图书管理员
Waitstaff
_______
4. (商店)出纳员
Mechanical
Engineer 6. 系统管理员
_________________
8. 商店经理
Software
Engineer
______________
10. 辅导教师
Housekeeper
___________
12. 厨师
Legal
Secretary
_____________
_______
Librarian
_______
Cashier
System
Administrator
_________________
Store
Manager
____________
______
Coach
_____
Cook
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B. Read the following classified ads and answer the questions that follow.
Job Wanted
German Fair organizer is looking for a (fe)male
employee handling our Shanghai office.
Language experiences in German-CN and GB-CN are
Necessary. Personal apply only with documents
On Dec.8, 2004, 18:00 20:00 h at the
WESTIN SHANGHAI HOTEL
Bund Center, 88 Henan Central Road.
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(3)
For Rent
Two Apartments for Rent
(1) Unique Preserved old apartment building on Weihai Rd, Maoming Rd,
1Br, 90sqm, new deco and furnished,
5 min away from Shimen Rd Subway station.
US$2,000/M.
(2) Old lane house on Ruijin Rd, Jianguo Rd, 3 storey, 4 Br, 203sqm,
Newly renovated and modernized with central heating.
Sale or lease. Rental US$4,500/M.
Mobile: 13761867746
Email: samcrispin@sipin.net
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UNFURN APTS
4 LARGE RM APT — mod,
kitchen & bath, h/hw supl’d,
2 children accepted.
Call 9329-0359.
3 ROOMS — H & HW supl’d,
$795/mo.+dep. No pets. 1 child
accepted. Call 9323-4772.
4 ROOM APT — H & HW supl’d.
$1000/mo.+ util.+ dep. Ref. req’d.
Avail. Oct. 1st. Call 2929-4658.
5 ROOMS, 2 bd., heat furnished,
$1070, ref. required, adults only.
Call aft. 6pm 2472-7786.
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Travel
WORLDWIDE TRAVEL SERVICE SPECIALIST
UP TO 75% DISCOUNT
ON HOTEL AIRTICKETING TOURPACKAGE
Hotel: Singapore — RMB 170 up
Hong Kong — RMB 450 up
Malaysia — RMB 280 up
Las Vegas — RMB 300 up
Thailand — RMB 180 up
Dubai(迪拜) — RMB 700 up
Philippines — RMB 190 up
London — RMB 600 up
Indonesia — RMB 200 up
Australia — RMB 600 up
And more… Always the best price/service for you.
1295-6000
800-300-3333
fnesh@fnetravel.com www.fnetravel.com
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1. How much is the rent for the old lane house on Ruijin Road, Jianguo Road
US
$4,500/M .
__________
2. How do you enquire about the old apartment that is near Shimen Rd
Subway station?
By
eamil (samcrispin@sipin.net) or call 13636325149 .
__________________________________________
3. What number do you call to enquire if you want to rent a 4 room apartment
before October?
_________ .
9329-0359
4. What experiences are required if you apply for the position listed in the want
ad?
Language
experiences in German-CN and GB-CN .
________________________________________
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5. What is the room price per day in Las Vegas?
RMB
300 up .
__________
6. What do you think the following abbreviations mean?
_______
a. 5-min.: 5________
b. Br./bd.: bedroom
minutes
supplied
apartment
c. apt.:
d. supl’d:
_______
________
____
room
e. rm.:
f. avail.:
_______
available
required
g. req’d:
h. aft.:
_______
after
____
Water
i. H/HW: Heat/Hot
j. unfurn.: unfurnished
____________
__________
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