Other Sheep Executive
Steve Parelli
Director
presents . .
.
The Bible and . . .
Introduction
"The issues … are not
understood by most
members of the
Christian Church.”
Bernard Ramm
. . . align
with the
teachings of
Scripture?
Do the
traditions and
doctrines of
the Church . . .
Bernard Ramm of The American
Baptist Seminary of the West, an
evangelical authority on biblical
interpretation says:
"The issues about Homosexuality are very
complex and are not understood by most
members of the Christian Church. To
them, it is a vile form of sexual perversion
condemned in both the Old and New
Testaments."
"The issues about
Homosexuality are . . .
not understood” -B. Ramm
For example, take the
following English word:
In the KJ Bible it is found
once in Deuteronomy and
four times in First and Second
Kings.
Yet, the word “sodomite”
is an errant translation of
the Hebrew word, and
therefore confuses the
general Bible reader who
equates the sin of “sodomy”
with “homosexuality” and
“gay rights.”
‫קדש‬
As Calvin Theological Seminary Old Testament
scholar Marten H. Woudstra says:
"There is nothing in the Old
Testament that corresponds
to Homosexuality as we
‫קדש‬
understand it today"
sodomite
The English word “Sodomite” is used
in the 1611 KJV in the Old Testament 5
times, but not once in the 1973 NIV.
‫קדש‬
‫קדש‬
sodomite
King James
Version -1611
New
International
Version -1973
male cult
prostitute
First usage
Deuteronomy 23:17
of the word
“sodomite”
THE KJV :
THE NIV :
There shall be no
whore of the
daughters
of Israel, nor a
sodomite of the sons
of Israel.
No Israelite man or
woman is to become
a shrine prostitute.
Second 1 Kings 14:24
usage of the
THE NIV :
THE KJV :
word
There were even male
And
there were also
“sodomite”
shrine prostitutes in
sodomites in the land:
and they did according to
all the abominations of
the
nations which the LORD
cast out before the
children of
Israel.
the land; the people
engaged in all the
detestable practices
of the nations the LORD
had driven out before the
Israelites.
1 Kings 15:12
Third usage
ofKJV
the: word
THE
THE NIV :
“sodomite”
And he took away the
sodomites out of the
land, and removed all
the idols that his
fathers had made.
He expelled the male
shrine prostitutes
from the land and got
rid of all the idols his
fathers had made.
1 Kings 22:46
Forth usage
the: word
THEofKJV
“sodomite”
And the remnant of
the sodomites, which
remained in the days
of his father Asa, he
took out of the
land.
THE NIV :
He rid the land of the
rest of the male
shrine prostitutes
who remained there
even after the reign
of his father Asa.
2 Kings 23:7
Fifth usage
THE
KJVword
:
of the
“sodomite”
And he brake down
the houses of the
sodomites, that were THE NIV :
by the house of the
He also tore down the
LORD, where the
quarters of the male
women wove
shrine prostitutes,
hangings for the
which were in the
grove.
temple of the LORD
and where women did
weaving for Asherah
THE REMOVAL OF SODOMITES
FROM THE NIV BIBLE
“. . . the
publishers of the
NIV have replaced
the politically
incorrect word
'sodomites', with
less offensive, and
more
ambiguous terms.”
Which Bible
translation is
correct?
1611 KJV
or 1973
NIV?
Deuteronomy 23:17
THE KJV :
There shall be no
whore of the
daughters
of Israel, nor a
sodomite of the sons
of Israel.
THE NIV :
No Israelite man or
woman is to become
a shrine prostitute.
Let’s take a closer look at
the difference between
the KJV and the NIV in
their translation of
Deuteronomy 23:17
Deuteronomy 23:17
THE KJV :
There shall be no
whore of the
daughters
of Israel, nor a
sodomite of the sons
of Israel.
THE NIV :
No Israelite man or
woman is to become
a shrine prostitute.
Question: How can the NIV
translate both “whore” and
“sodomite” as “shrine
prostitute?”
Deuteronomy 23:17
THE KJV :
There shall be no
whore of the
daughters
of Israel, nor a
sodomite of the sons
of Israel.
THE NIV :
No Israelite man or
woman is to become
a shrine prostitute.
Answer: We have
to look at the text
of the Hebrew
Bible
Deuteronomy 23:17
THE KJV :
There shall be no
whore of the
daughters
of Israel, nor a
sodomite of the sons
of Israel.
KJV
whore
sodmite
‫לא־תהיה קדשה מבנות ישראל‬
‫ולא־יהיה קדש מבני ישראל ׃‬
HEBREW
‫קדשה‬
‫קדש‬
kedeshah (f)
kadesh (m)
Female / Male
Cult Prostitute
Deuteronomy 23:17
Analytical:
There shall not be a
cult prostitute (f.) of
the daughters
of Israel, nor a cult
prostitute (m.) of the
sons of Israel.
KJV
HEBREW
whore
sodmite
‫לא־תהיה קדשה מבנות ישראל‬
‫ולא־יהיה קדש מבני ישראל ׃‬
‫קדשה‬
‫קדש‬
What is the Hebrew
word for Sodom?
‫סדם‬
Deuteronomy 23:17
“There is no Hebrew
derivative of the word
‘Sodom’ in this
passage; the King
James Bible supplied
it erroneously.”
-Ralph Blair
KJV
HEBREW
whore
sodmite
‫לא־תהיה קדשה מבנות ישראל‬
‫ולא־יהיה קדש מבני ישראל ׃‬
‫קדשה‬
‫קדש‬
What is the Hebrew
word for Sodom?
‫סדם‬
Deuteronomy 23:17
“The Hebrew words here
KJV
HEBREW
are references to the
"holy" female and eunuch
whore
priest-prostitutes of the
Canaanite fertility cults,
of which Israel was to
sodmite
have no part.”
What is the Hebrew
- Ralph Blair
word for Sodom?
‫קדשה‬
‫קדש‬
‫לא־תהיה קדשה מבנות ישראל‬
‫ולא־יהיה קדש מבני ישראל ׃‬
‫סדם‬
Deuteronomy 23:17
Did you
There shall be no . .see
.
that?
sodomite of the
sons of Israel.
‫קדש‬
There shall be no . . .
male cult prostitute of
the sons of Israel.
There
shall
whore
of the daughters
Deuteronomy
23:17
(Newbe
Kingno
James
Version)
It’s coming
New King James Version (NKJV)
of Israel,
nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel.
Copyright ©back
1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.
-1611 KJV
17 There shall be no ritual harlot[a] of the
daughters of Israel, or a perverted[b] one of the
sons of Israel.
‫קדש‬
Old
Footnotes:
Translations
a.Deuteronomy
23:17 Hebrew qedeshah, feminine
die hard
of qadesh
(see note b)
b.Deuteronomy 23:17 Hebrew qadesh, that is, one
practicing sodomy and prostitution in religious
rituals
“in religious rituals” is the key idea
Deuteronomy 23:17 (21st Century King James Version)
21st Century King James Version (KJ21)
Copyright © 1994 by Deuel Enterprises, Inc.
17 There shall be no whore of the
daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the
sons of Israel.
The 21st Century King James Version (KJ21®):
“ . . . words which are either obsolete or archaic,
and are no longer understood by literate Bible
readers, have been replaced by carefully
selected current equivalents.”
Remember this quote from
Bernard Ramm ?
"The issues about Homosexuality are very
complex and are not understood by
most members of the Christian
Church. To them, it is a vile form of
sexual perversion condemned in both the
Old and New Testaments."
The term “sodomy”
was coined in
medieval Christianity
"The issues … are
not understood by
most members of
the Christian
Church. To them, it
is a vile form of
sexual perversion
condemned in both
the Old and New
Testaments."
The Good News . . .
Most English Bible Versions
Today translate qadesh in
Deuteronomy 23:7 as “shrine
prostitute” or “cult prostitute”
or “temple prostitute”
The Clobber
Passages
The Clobber
Passages
•Sodom and Gomorrah –
Genesis 19
•Do not lie with men as
you would with women –
Leviticus 18:22 and
20:13
•Denying natural
relations for unnatural –
Romans 1:21-28
•Gratuitous, flagrant
abuses of love –
First Corinthians 6:9-10
and First Timothy 1:10
•Going after strange
flesh – Jude 7
Chapter I
Sodom & Gomorrah
In Three Parts
• Not a Story about Homosexuality
• The Sins of Sodom and Gomorrah
• Conclusion: The Real Rape
The Clobber
Passages
Sodom and
Gomorrah –
Genesis 19
Chapter I
Sodom & Gomorrah
Not A Story About
Homosexuality
Part One
Genesis
19:4-5
“…the men of the city, even the men of Sodom,
compassed the house round, both old and young,
all the people from every quarter:
And they called unto Lot, and said unto him,
Where are the men which came in to thee this
night? bring them out unto us, that we may know
them.” KJV
Not A Story
About Homosexuality
Not A Story
About Homosexuality
Ex-Gay authors
Davis and Rentzel
comment on
Genesis 19:4-5
Copyright
1993
“Pro-gay
theologians are
correct in saying
that this passage
does not provide
a strong
argument against
prohibiting all
homosexual
acts.” page 184
To use Genesis 19
to condemn
homosexuality
makes as much
sense as using 2
Sam. 13 to
condemn
heterosexuality
Sodom and
Gomorrah is “not
a strong
argument
against
prohibiting all
homosexual
acts.” page 184
Loren L. Johns
Ex-Gay authors
Davis and Rentzel,
1993
Genesis 19 –
gang rape,
possessive lust,
and sexual
abuse – cannot
be construed as
condemning
loving,
committed
homosexual
relationships
Loren L. Johns
Sodom and
Gomorrah is “not
a strong
argument
against
prohibiting all
homosexual
acts.” page 184
Ex-Gay authors
Davis and Rentzel,
1993
That Sodom has
become
synonymous with
certain
homosexual acts
does not pertain
to the ethical
issue of the
propriety of loving,
committed
homosexual
relationships.
Loren L. Johns
Sodom and
Gomorrah is “not
a strong
argument
against
prohibiting all
homosexual
acts.” page 184
Ex-Gay authors
Davis and Rentzel,
1993
Chapter I
Sodom & Gomorrah
The Sins of Sodom
and Gomorrah
Part Two
Then the Lord rained upon
Sodom and upon
Gomorrah brimstone and
fire . . . Gen. 19:24
What were the sins of Sodom?
Robert E. Goss
Sodom and Gomorrah “is the story most
frequently cited by homophobic Christians for
their hatred of [LGBTs]. Sodom has become
the image of human depravity and moral
decay, but the story in Genesis 19 has nothing
to do with same-sex sexuality; it has to do,
rather with male rape.” Robert E. Goss, Queering Christ
“The messengers are foreigners within the city,
and the men of Sodom surround the house and
insist that ‘we might know them (yadha). The
Hebrew word to ‘know’ (yadah) is occasionally
used as a euphemism for sexual intercourse,
and here in this chapter and Judges 19, yadah,
needs to be translated and contextualized in...”
Robert E. Goss, Queering Christ
“. . . in the sexual codes of the penetrator and
the penetrated in the ancient world. A more apt
colloquial translation would be to ‘womanize,
make into a woman.’ In the context, it
suggests ‘penetrating a male like a woman,’ or
anal intercourse. Ancient New Eastern
societies subjected . . . ” Robert E. Goss, Queering Christ
“. . . those they had conquered, enemies,
strangers, and trespassers to phallic anal
penetration to indicate their subordinate
status.” Robert E. Goss, Queering Christ
“The story in Genesis 19 has nothing to do with
same-sex sexuality; it has to do, rather, with
male rape.” Robert E. Goss, Queering Christ
”When chapter 19 is read with chapter 18, the
inhospitality of Sodom is contrasted with the
rural social code of hospitality. Hospitality is
part of the cultural code and the editor’s
theological motif operative in Genesis 18-19.
… The editor contrasts . . . ” Robert E. Goss, Queering
Christ
“. . . the rural, pastoral welcoming
of strangers (by Abraham, Gen. 18)
with . . .”
”. . . the urban hostility [shown] them [by the
residents of Sodom at Lot’s door, Gen. 19]. .
. ” Robert E. Goss, Queering Christ
How the movie The Four
Feathers illustrates the
moral essence of
hospitality in the Near
Easter
Why
are you protecting
me?
Harry Faversham:
Abou Fatma: God
put you
in my way. I have no
choice.
Abou Fatma: God
put you in my
way. I have no choice.
The desert
law of
Hospitality
”When Jesus says that it
will be more tolerable for
Sodom than for those not
hearing God’s
messengers, he has in
mind not the Sodomites’
sexual practices but their
inhospitality.” Robert E. Goss,
Queering Christ
”But into whatsoever city
ye enter, and they receive
you not . . . I say unto
you, that it shall be more
tolerable in that day for
Sodom, than for that city.”
Luke 10:10-12
”And punishments came upon
the sinners . . . Insomuch as
they used a more hard and
hateful behavior toward
strangers. For the Sodomites
did not receive those, whom
they knew not when they
came . . . .” Wisdom of Solomon
19:13-14
Attention needs to be
patriarchal
given not just to “the
violence to
violation of hospitality,”
•Male
strangers
but also “to the patriarchal
•Women (here,
violence to male strangers
Lot’s daughters)
and to the daughters, ‘the
other’ inscribed within the
biblical text.” Robert E. Goss,
Queering Christ
”The laws of hospitality are
patriarchal
fused with the patriarchal
violence to
gender code that privileges
•Male
strangers
males over females. That
•Women (here,
code requires that Lot
Lot’s daughters)
protect male honor over
female honor. In other
words . . . ” Robert E. Goss,
Queering Christ
”. . . It is better to shame a
patriarchal
woman than a man.” Here
violence to
we see “the themes of
•Male
strangers
hospitality and sexual
•Women (here,
violence” interplay with
Lot’s daughters)
“the Hebrew cultural script
of honor and shame.”Robert
E. Goss, Queering Christ
”. . . So Lot offers the
patriarchal
sexual capital of his
violence to
household, his virgin
•Male
strangers
daughters, in exchange
•Women (here,
for preserving the honor
Lot’s daughters)
of the strangers. The
mob rape . . .” Robert E. Goss,
Queering Christ
”. . . Would dishonor not
patriarchal
only the messengers but
violence to
also Lot, his household,
•Male
strangers
all his clan, and all those
•Women (here,
people associated with
Lot’s daughters)
him” Robert E. Goss, Queering
Christ
patriarchal violence to
•Male strangers
•Women (here, Lot’s daughters)
Chapter I
Sodom & Gomorrah
Conclusion:
The Real Rape
Part Three
Ezekiel the Prophet
1510 Sistine Chapel
fresco by Michelangelo.
The Sin of
Sodom . . .
According to the Prophet
Ezekiel was…
“Behold, this was the iniquity of they sister
Sodom:
“. . . pride, fullness of bread, and
abundance of idleness was in her and in
her daughters, neither did she strengthen
the hand of the poor and needy.” Ez. 16:49
“In numerous biblical texts, there are no
indications of the sin of Sodom as referring
to same-sex behaviors.”
Robert Goss, Queering Christ.
“. . . The real act of
sodomy [rape] is the
particular application of
the story to [LGBTs] and
the translation of textual
violence into social
violence.” Robert Goss, Queering Christ
Chapter II
Two NT Greek Words
• IntroductionThe Texts in Question
• malakoi μαλακοιWhy ‘soft’ does not mean ‘homosexual’
• arsenokoitai αρσενοκοιταιWhat Zues and Naas teach us about
homosexuality
The Clobber
Passages
Gratuitous,
flagrant abuses of
love
I Corinthians 6:9-10
and I Timothy 1:10
μαλακοι
αρσενοκοιται
Corinth
Chapter II
Two NT Greek Words
Introduction- The Texts in Question
I Corinthians 6:9
and I Timothy 1:10
Part One
I Corinthians 6:9-10
9. Know ye not that the unrighteous shall
not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not
deceived: neither fornicators, nor
idolaters, nor adulterers, . . .
nor effeminate,
μαλακοι
nor abusers of themselves
with mankind,
αρσενοκοιται
I Timothy 1:10
10. Nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards,
nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the
kingdom of God.
nor effeminate
μαλακοι
malakoi (pl.)
malakos (sg.)
I Timothy 1:10
nor abusers of
themselves with
mankind
αρσενοκοιται
arsenokoitai (pl.)
arsenokoites (sg.)
Chapter II
Two NT Greek Words
malakoi μαλακοιWhy ‘soft’ does not mean
‘homosexual.’
Part Two
I Corinthians 6:9
μαλακοι
1995 New American
effeminate
Standard Bible NASB
1971 New Revised
male prostitutes
Standard Version
1611 King James Version effeminate
1901 American Standard effeminate
Version
Basic English Bible is less than a man
Darby Version
those who make
women of themselves
I Corinthians 6:9
Webster’s Bible
μαλακοι
effeminate
Weymouth NT
any who are guilty of
unnatural crime both words
World English Bible male prostitutes
Young’s Literal
Translation
1984 New International
Version
effeminate
male prostetitutes
I Corinthians 6:9
2002
The Message
1987
Amplified Bible
2004
New Living
Translation
English Standard
Version
2001
μαλακοι
those who use and
abuse each other/sex
those who participate in
homosexuality both words
male prostitutes
men who practice
homosexuality with footnote
ESV Footnote: The two Greek terms translated by
this phrase refer to the passive and active partners
in consensual homosexual acts
I Corinthians 6:9-10
μαλακοι
1995 Contemporary
English Version
1982 New King James
Version
1994 21st Century King
James Version
1969 New Life Version
pervert
2003 Holman Christian
Standard Bible
1998 New International
Reader’s Version
male prostitutes
homosexuals (Footnote:
“That is, catamites”)
the effeminate
men who act like women
men who are prostitutes
I Corinthians 6:9-10
2001 Wycliffe New
Testament
Worldwide
English NT
1984 New
International
Version UK
2001 Today’s New
International
Version
μαλακοι
neither lechers against kind
those who commit addultery
of any kind
male prostitutes
male
prostitutes
μαλακοι
Definition/ Study:
The Greek word here, rendered
“effeminate” by the 1611 KJ
Matt 11:8
translators, means soft.
Source:
But what
went ye out
for to see? A man
clothed
soft
• The Children
Are in
Free,
In reference to individual men,
raiment?
Behold,
by Jeff
Miner and
John
“soft” could refer to moral
Tyler
Connoley,
pages
they
that wear
soft
16-18
weaknesses in general, or,
clothing are in king’s
houses
more specifically, to male
Here, the reference
is to things, not
individuals.
prostitution.
μαλακοι = general moral weaknesses
Definition/ Study:
General Moral Weakness
Source:
• The
Children Are
Free by Jeff
Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 16-18
Fearful –
A lack of courage; more interested
in pleasure than in duty
Vain –
Preoccupied with making themselves more attractive,
“whether they were trying to attract men or women”
Self-indulgent –
“Laziness, degeneracy, decadence; expensive things,
dressing well, over eating”
Hence the use of the word “effeminate”
(which is intolerable misogynistic thinking)
μαλακοι = general moral weaknesses
Definition/ Study:
General Moral Weakness
Source:
• The
Children Are
Free by Jeff
Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 16-18
Fearful –
A lack of courage; more interested in pleasure than in duty
Vain –
Preoccupied with making themselves
more attractive, “whether they were
trying to attract men or women”
Self-indulgent –
“Laziness, degeneracy, decadence; expensive things,
dressing well, over eating”
Hence the use of the word “effeminate”
(which is intolerable misogynistic thinking)
μαλακοι = general moral weaknesses
Definition/ Study:
General Moral Weakness
Source:
• The
Children Are
Free by Jeff
Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 16-18
Fearful –
A lack of courage; more interested in pleasure than in duty
Vain –
Preoccupied with making themselves more attractive,
“whether they were trying to attract men or women”
Self-indulgent –
Laziness, degeneracy, decadence;
expensive things, dressing well, over
eating
Hence the use of the word “effeminate” KJV
(which is intolerable misogynistic thinking)
μαλακοι = specifically, male prostitutes
Source:
• The
Children Are
Free by Jeff
Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 16-18
Definition/ Study:
Specifically, Male Prostitutes
• Recent studies suggest this rendering
• Rendered “male prostitutes” in the NIV
and NRSV (widely used modern English
translations)
• Soft = the receptive partner in intercourse
(“women like”)
• Context: Since Paul is listing “sexual
sins,” inference may suggest male
prostitutes
Chapter II
Two NT Greek Words
Arsenokoitai αρσενοκοιταιWhat Zues and Naas teach us about
homosexuality.
•Its Translation by Modern Bible Versions
•Five Attempts at Unlocking the
Meaning of this Word
Part Three
I Timothy 1:9-10 KJV
(v9) The law is not
made for a righteous
man, but for the
lawless . . . (v10) For
whoremongers, for
them that defile
themselves with
mankind, . . .
I Corinthians 6:9
αρσενοκοιται
Chapter II
Two NT Greek Words
arsenokoitai αρσενοκοιται
Its Translation by Modern Bible
Versions
αρσενοκοιται
I Corinthians 6:9
I Timothy 1:10
New International Version (NIV, 1973, 1984)
homosexual offenders
perverts
New American Standard Bible (NASB, 1960,1995)
homosexuals
homosexuals, footnote:
Lev. 18:22
The Message (MSG, 1993, 2002)
use and abuse sex
riding roughshod over
God, life, sex
αρσενοκοιται
I Corinthians 6:9
I Timothy 1:10
New Living Translation (NLT, 1996, 2004)
homosexuals
homosexuals
King James Version (KJV, 1611)
abusers of themselves
them that defile
with mankind
themselves with mankind
English Standard Version (ESV, 2001)
men who practice
homosexuality
men who practice
homosexuality
αρσενοκοιται
I Corinthians 6:9
I Timothy 1:10
The Amplified (AMP, 1954,1987)
those who participate in
homosexuality (both Greek
those who abuse
themselves with men
words)
Contemporary English Version (1995)
behaves like a
who live as homosexuals
homosexual
New King James Version (NKJV, 1982)
sodomites
sodomites
αρσενοκοιται
I Corinthians 6:9
I Timothy 1:10
21 Century King James Version (KJ21, 1994)
abusers of themselves
those who defile
with mankind
themselves with mankind
American Standard Version (ASV, 1901)
abusers of themselves
abusers of themselves
with mankind
with men
Young’s Literal Translation (YLT)
sodomites
sodomites
αρσενοκοιται
I Corinthians 6:9
I Timothy 1:10
Darby Translation (Darby)
who abuse themselves
sodomites
with men
New Life Version (NLV, 1969)
people who do sex sins
people who do sex sins
with their own sex
with their own sex
Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB, 1999,
2003
homosexuals
homosexuals
αρσενοκοιται
I Corinthians 6:9
I Timothy 1:10
New International Reader’s Version (NIRV, 1996,
1998)
men who commit
those who have a twisted
homosexual acts
view of sex
Wycliffe New Testament (WYC, 2001)
they that do lechery with them that do lechery with
men
men
Worldwide English (New Testament) (WE)
those who commit
adultery of any kind
men who have sex with
other men
αρσενοκοιται
I Corinthians 6:9
I Timothy 1:10
New International Version – UK (VIVUK, 1973, 1984)
homosexual offenders
perverts
Today’s New International Version (TNIV, 2001,
2005)
practicing homosexuals
those practicing
homosexuality
Chapter II
Two NT Greek Words
arsenokoitai αρσενοκοιται
Five Attempts at Unlocking the
Meaning of this Word
It is a compound word
Its usage before Paul
Its usage after Paul
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Its remote possible link to the LXX
αρσενοκοιται
Definition/ Study:
Source:
• The Children Are
Free, by Jeff Miner
and John Tyler
Connoley, pages 1618
Because of its rarity, we can only
guess at what the word means.
The following leaves us with no
final answers:
It is a compound word
Its usage before Paul
Its usage after Paul
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Its remote possible link to the LXX
Five Attempts at Unlocking the
Meaning of this Word
It is a compound word
Its usage before Paul
Its usage after Paul
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Its remote possible link to the LXX
αρσενοκοιται
Source:
Christianity,
Social
Tolerance,
and
Homosexuality, by John
Boswell, page
342
Definition/ Study:
It is a compound word
αρσενo-κοιται = male-bed
koitai κοιται “is a coarse word,
generally denoting base or
licentious sexual activities;
corresponds to the vulgar
English word ‘f***er’ ”
αρσενοκοιται
Source:
Christianity,
Social
Tolerance,
and
Homosexuality, by John
Boswel,
pages 342244
Definition/ Study:
It is a compound word
αρσενo-κοιται = male-bed
arseno αρσενo, means male; “its
relationship to koitai is ambigous:
If male is the object then αρσενo-κοιται
refers to someone who f***ks men or
boys
If male is adjectival, then αρσενo-κοιται
refers to male prostitutes who take the
“active role with either men or women.”
αρσενοκοιται
Source:
Christianity,
Social
Tolerance,
and
Homosexuality, by John
Boswel,
pages 342243
Definition/ Study:
It is a compound word
αρσενo-κοιται = male-bed
“The claim that this word ‘obviously’
means ‘homosexual’ defies linguistic
evidence and common sense.”
The definition of a compound word is
not ‘obviously’ known by the definition
of its root word components. For
example:
αρσενοκοιται
Source:
Christianity,
Social
Tolerance,
and
Homosexuality, by John
Boswel,
pages 342243
Definition/ Study:
It is a compound word
αρσενo-κοιται = male-bed
“The claim that this word ‘obviously’
means ‘homosexual’ defies linguistic
evidence and common sense.”
The definition of a compound word
is not ‘obviously’ known by the
definition of its root word
components. For example:
αρσενo-κοιται = male-bed
Definition/ Study:
Source:
A compound word is not ‘obviously’ known by its
root word components:
Compare and Contrast These Compound Words:
Christianity,
Social
Tolerance,
and
Homosexuality, by John
Boswel,
pages 342343
Pyro[fire]mania = obsession with fire
[pyro-‘fire’ is the object of ‘mania’]
Nympho[bride]mania = obsession with
men [nympho-’bride’ is adjectival and
descripes ‘mania’]; nymphomania
does not mean obsession with women
[nympho-’bride’ would have to be the
object of ‘mania’]
αρσενo-κοιται = male-bed
Source:
Definition/ Study:
To further illustrate “the inadequacy of
lexicographical inference” when
“unsupported by contextual evidence:”
Christianity,
What is the Correct Meaning to this “Compound” Phrase?
Social
Tolerance,
What does “lady killer” mean?
and
Homosex1. A lady who kills? or
uality, by John
2. Someone who kills a lady? or
Boswel,
pages 342
3. “wolf” or “Don Juan”
This “largely unrelated meaning is actually
the most common sense of the term”
αρσενοκοιται
Source:
Christianity,
Social
Tolerance,
and
Homosexuality, by John
Boswel,
pages 342243
Definition/ Study:
It is a compound word
αρσενo-κοιται = male-bed
“The claim that this word ‘obviously’
means ‘homosexual’ defies linguistic
evidence and common sense.”
The definition of a compound word
is not ‘obviously’
known by the
Our Findings
definition of its root word
components.
Five Attempts at Unlocking the
Meaning of this Word
It is a compound word
Its usage before Paul
Its usage after Paul
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Its remote possible link to the LXX
αρσενοκοιται
Definition/ Study:
Its usage before Paul
Source:
• The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
The
pages
18,Only
25
I Corinthians 6 and I Timothy 1
“may be the first examples we
have of this word being used in
the literature of the time.”
Unlikely Possible Exception
(Sibylline Oracles, a collection of writings
over a period of many centuries, may or may
not predate. “The dating of the particular
oracle in which this word appears is
uncertain.”)
αρσενοκοιται
Source:
• The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 19, 26
Definition/ Study:
Its usage before Paul
“There are no known
instances before Paul.”
Our Findings: No known
usages before Paul
Five Attempts at Unlocking the
Meaning of this Word
It is a compound word
Its usage before Paul
Its usage after Paul
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Its remote possible link to the LXX
αρσενοκοιται
Definition/ Study:
Its usage after Paul
(AD 100-AD 700)
Source:
The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 19, 26
Go to this
website for all
the instances
and derivates
“Scholars have identified
only 73 times this term is
used in the six centuries
after Paul.”
So what can we learn?
http://www.jeramyt.org/gay/arsenok.htm
αρσενοκοιται
Definition/ Study:
Its usage after Paul (AD 100-AD 700)
Source:
The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 19, 26
• “In virtually every instance the
term appears in a list of sins (like
Paul’s) without any story line or
other context to shed light on its
meaning.”
Soare
what
can helpful
we learn?
“There
a few
exceptions.”
αρσενοκοιται
Its usage after Paul (AD 100-AD 700)
Arisites,
Apology 13,
Fragmenta
12,9-13.5.4
The Children
Are Free
by Jeff
Miner and
John Tylor
Connoley,
pages
20,26
Zeus and Ganymede
“The term is used by a Greek
author when cataloguing the
sins of the Greek gods”
αρσενοκοιται
Its usage after Paul (AD 100-AD 700)
Arisites,
Apology 13,
Fragmenta
12,9-13.5.4
The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner
and John
Tylor
Connoley,
pages
20,26
Zeus and Ganymede
“In this context the term is
probably intended to refer to the
time Zeus abducted and raped a
young boy, Ganymede.”
In the form of an
eagle, Zeus came
down and seized
the young
beautiful boy
Ganymede and
carried him off by
force to make him
his lover and
cupbearer.
αρσενοκοιται
Its usage after Paul (AD 100-AD 700)
Hippolytus’
Refutatio
chapter 5.
The Children
Are Free
by Jeff
Miner and
John Tylor
Connoley,
pages
20,26
Naas and Adam
According to Greek
legend, Naas (the
name given to the
snake in the garden
once it became a
Satantic figure)
commits “adultery”
with Adam.
Cf. J.Townsley
Αρσενοκοιται
Its usage after Paul (AD 100-AD 700)
Hippolytus’
Refutatio
chapter 5.
“Search for
God’s Heart
and Truth”
by Jeramy
Townsley
Naas and Adam
According to Hippolytus, it is by
this act of “adultery” that
arsenokoites enters into the
world. Hippolytus relates Naas
and Adam back to Zeus and
Ganymede.
αρσενοκοιτα
ι
“In neither of these
instances do we find
a mutually
consenting, equal
relationship -- we find
a powerful aggressor
subjugating the
weak.”
“Search for God’s Heart and
Truth” by Jeramy Townsley
αρσενοκοιται
“Search for God’s Heart and Truth”
by Jeramy Townsley
“This human rights violation (in modern
terms) gives arsenokoites the meaning
that makes sense in the few
contexts/lists that we have.”
αρσενοκοιται
…does not condemn us in our
same-sex relationships
Therefore, “this human rights violation”
--arsenokoites -- has nothing to do with
modern day same-sex relationships
Five Attempts at Unlocking the
Meaning of this Word
It is a compound word
Its usage before Paul
Its usage after Paul
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Its remote possible link to the LXX
αρσενοκοιται
Definition/ Study:
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Source:
The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 20, 26
• When arsenokoitai is used in early
Greek literature, for the most part, it
occurs in lists.
• This is what we have with Paul’s
two usages of arsenokoitai; In both
cases (I Cor. 6:9 and I Tim. 1:10),
the word occurs in a list of sins.
αρσενοκοιται
Definition/ Study:
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Source:
The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 20, 26
• When arsenokoitai is used in early
Greek literature, for the most part, it
occurs
in lists.
like
“lists,”
I
crossword
• This is what we have with Paul’s
puzzles,
sunning
two usages
of arsenokoitai: In both
on the
beach
. .6:9 and I Tim. 1:10),
cases
(I Cor.
thegonna
word occurs
.this is
be in a list of sins.
fun!
αρσενοκοιται – set in lists
“Common experience tells us list-makers tend to
group similar items together” The Children Are Free, page 20
List Of Sex Sins
1.
2.
3.
4.
List of Economic Sins
Don’t tell
me . . . I
can figure
it out
blah
blah
blah
blah
In which list do we
place the word
arsenokoitai?
1.
2.
3.
4.
blah
blah
blah
blah
αρσενοκοιται – set in lists
“In First Corinthians 6:9, we find apsenokoitai
between malakoi (which may refer to male
prostitutes) and “thieves.” The Children Are Free, page 20
List Of Sex Sins
1.
2.
3.
4.
blah
blah
blah
malakoi =
male
prostitutes
List of Economic Sins
1.theives
2. blah
3. blah
4. blah
Don’t tell me
. . . I’m still
thinking
αρσενοκοιται –
set in lists
I Got It!
I Got it!
“In First Corinthians 6:9
List Of Sex Sins
1.
2.
3.
4.
blah
blah
blah
malakoi =
male
prostitutes
In
which
list do
we
place
our
word?
List of Economic Sins
1.theives
2. blah
3. blah
4. blah
αρσενοκοιται –
set in lists
I Got It!
I Got it!
“In First Corinthians 6:9
List Of Sex Sins
1. blah
2. blah
3. blah
4. malakoi =
male
prostitutes
Right here
between
the two List of Economic Sins
lists
αρσενοκοιται 1.theives
2. blah
3. blah
4. blah
αρσενοκοιται –
set in lists
Now that I’ve got
it . . . Let’s look at
I Timothy 1:10
List Of Sex Sins
1. blah
2. blah
3. blah
4. “forni-
cation”
I Timothy 1:10
Right here
between
the two List of Economic Sins
lists
αρσενοκοιται 1.“slave
traders”
2. blah
3. blah
4. blah
αρσενοκοιτα
ι
From its place in the
two NT lists we can
infer that
arsenokoitai
“describes a male
who agressively
takes sexual
advantage of another
male.”
The Children Are Free, page 20
αρσενοκοιτα
ι
This is consistent
with the meaning
found in the story of
Zeus and Ganymede
and in the story of
Adam and Naas, as
well as the story of
Sodom.
The Children Are Free, page 20
αρσενοκοιται
Definition/ Study:
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Source:
The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 21
I Cor. 1:9, 10
and two Respected/ Popular
Translations
1973 New Revised Standard Version
“adulterers, male prostitutes,
sodomites, thieves”
αρσενοκοιται
1984 New International Version “nor
adulterers nor male prostitutes nor
homosexual offenders nor thieves
αρσενοκοιται
αρσενοκοιται
Type of
List/Sin
1973 New Revised
Standard Version
adulterers
SEX
SEXECCONOMIC
ECCONOMIC
I Corinthians 6:9,10
1984 New
International
Version
adulterers
male prostitutes male prostitutes
sodomites
thieves
homosexual
offenders
thieves
αρσενοκοιται
Type of
List/Sin
SEX
SEXECCONOMIC
ECCONOMIC
Should I be
OK with the
1973 New
1984
New
NRSV
usage
Revised Standard
International
of the
word
Version
Version
“sodomites”?
adulterers
adulterers
I Corinthians 6:9,10
male prostitutes male prostitutes
sodomites
thieves
homosexual
offenders
thieves
αρσενοκοιται
1973 New Revised
Standard Version
adulterers
male prostitutes
“sodomites”
thieves
I Corinthians 6:9,10
I Corinthians 6:9,10
The term “sodomite” is still a
loaded word in American
English, no doubt due largely to
its misuse in the King James
Bible since 1611.
However, there are two things to
note:
1. The NRSV’s discriminate
usage of the word “sodomite.”
2. Our present day understanding
of the “sin of Sodom.”
αρσενοκοιται
I Corinthians 6:9,10
1973
New Revised
1. The NRSV’s discriminate
Remember
this
Standard
Version
usage of the word “sodomite.”
Hebrew
word
qadesh
inadulterers
Deut. 23:17? The
KJV wrongly
NRSV Deut. 23:17
rendered it
“None
of
the
daughters
of
male
prostitutes
“sodomite.” The
Israel shall be a temple
NRSV correctly
“sodomites”
translates
it “temple
prostitute; none of the
prostitute.”
thieves
sons of Israel shall be a
temple prostitute.”
‫קדש‬
αρσενοκοιται
Let me
1973 New Revised
illustrate
from
Standard Version
history the
adulterers
meaning of
“sodomy”
as
male
prostitutes
“sexual
“sodomites”
agression
and
opprssion”
thieves
I Corinthians 6:9,10
2. Our present day understanding of the “sin of Sodom.”
“We conclude that arsenokoitai is
consistent with the NRSV (often
regarded as most scholarly). The
NRSV translates arsenokoitai
as
Next slide,
‘sodomite.’ As we have please.
already (I
told you I
seen, the men of Sodom
like “lists.”)
were the ultimate example
of sexual aggression and
oppression.”
The Children Are Free, page 21
So"'II’m
with the I
amOK
Eurymedon.
NRSV’s
havetranslation
bent down.'of
arsenokoitai as
“sodomites”
as
“A Greek just
soldier
long we
know whatawe
approaches
mean.
It hasPersian
nothing
horrified
to do
with
soldier
with
the intent
homosexuality!
No
to rape him. The
more
than
rapingthe
picture
portrays
women victory
has anything
of the to
do withover the
Athenians
heterosexuality.
Persians by theBoth
river
Source: Homoeroticism in the
are
oppression,
Eurymedon
in 460
Biblical World, Chapter 3,
aggression
and
B.C.E."
Figure 3.
violation.
Now let’s look at
the NIV’s
translation of
arsenokoitai.
αρσενοκοιται
Type of
List/Sin
1973 New Revised
Standard Version
SEX
adulterers
Actually, the
NIV
1973 New Revised
1984 New is
translation
Standard Version
International
pretty
good . .
1984 New
Version
. . . but then
International
adulterers
adulterers
Version
again . . .
adulterers
male prostitutes male prostitutes
I Corinthians 6:9,10
male prostitutes male prostitutes
SEXsodomites
ECCONOMIC
sodomites
homosexual
ECCONOMIC
thieves
thieves
offenders
thieves
homosexual
offenders
thieves
αρσενοκοιται
I Corinthians 6:9,10
•So can only a “homosexual” be a
1984
New
αρσενοκοιται
International
“The
NIV
appears
to“homosexual
have been offender”?
. . . when
a male
who by
means
•Does
Version
uncomfortatable
translating
of his
position, economic
or that mean when a man rapes a
woman
he is to be called a
arsenokoitai
as
a
general
reference
class
superiority,
or
some
other
adulterers
“heterosexual
to homosexuality.
Instead,
means
of power (perceived
or they offender?”
•And,
as we’ve already seen from
translate
the term
“homosexual
real),
either subtly
or as
openly
uses
male
prostitutes
history,
offender,”
suggesting
that atoheterosexual male can rape
aggression or oppression
in
another
commit
sinhis
referred
to heremale.
one Is he, therefore, a
order tothe
force
will upon
“heterosexual
homosexual offender?”
homosexual
must
usefor
homosexuality
in an
another
male
the purpose
of
aggressive
or offensive
way.”
sexually
manipulating
that male
offenders
is to the NIV’s credit: They
The Children Are Free,This
pagemuch
21
in order
to satisfy his own
thieves desires.
did say “homosexual offender”
whereas other modern translations
Stephen Parelli
just say “homosexuals.”
Five Attempts at Unlocking the
Meaning of this Word
It is a compound word
Its usage before Paul
Its usage after Paul
Its context: It is set in “lists”
Its remote possible link to the LXX
•
I Cor. 6:9
It’s
the
Greek
αρσενοκοιται
I Tim.
1:10
translation
of
Definition/ Study:
Its remote
linkHebrew
to the LXX
What
is possible
the
In the LXX in Lev. 20:13,Old
the two Greek
the
Source:
words of our compound word αρσενοκοιται
appear side by side as two separate
LXX?
Testament
words.
The Children
_________________________
Are Free by
created
for
Jeff Miner and
Lev. 20:13 LXX
John Tyler
the
Jews
of
και
ος
αν
κοιμηθη
μετα
αρσενος
κοιτην
Connoley,
γυναικος βδελυγμα εποιησαν αμφοτεροι
pages 16-18
the
Diaspora
θανατουσθωσαν
ενοχοι
εισιν
It’s what
PaulLev.
would
20:13 “If a man also lie with mankind, as he
lieth with a woman, both of them have committed
have read!
an abomination; they shall surely be put to death;
their blood shall be upon them.” KJV
αρσενοκοιται
I Cor. 6:9
I Tim 1:10
arsenokoitais
– dative case
LXX
Lev. 20:13
I Corinthians 6:9
I Timothy1:10
αρσενοκοιται(σ)
αρσενος κοιτην
Lev. 20:13
και ος αν κοιμηθη μετα αρσενος κοιτην
γυναικος βδελυγμα εποιησαν αμφοτεροι
θανατουσθωσαν ενοχοι εισιν
αρσενοκοιται
Definition/ Study:
Its remote possible link to the LXX
Source:
The Children Are
Free by Jeff
Miner and John
Tyler Connoley,
page 21
“Lev. 20:13 was written in the context
of cultic sexual practices, including
temple prostitution. If Paul derived
the term arsenokoitai from Lev.
20:13 (and that’s a big if), it would
follow that . . . he was intending to
prohibit cultic sexual practices.”
Chapter III
“Against Nature”
• Robert E. GossPaul Has Been Wrong Before
• Jeff Miner and John Tyler ConnoleyIt Doesn’t Apply to Me
• Thomas HanksSeven Myths Exposed
The Clobber
Passages
Denying Natural
Relations for Unnatural
Romans 1:26-27
Same Sex Love :
Natural or
Unnatural?
Chapter III
“Against Nature”
Robert E. Goss-
Paul Has Been Wrong
Before
Part One
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
What Is Paul Saying? – Idolatry
Leads to “Disordered Sexuality”
• In Paul’s thinking (Romans 1:26,27), the
exchange of the Creator for a creature leads
to women exchanging natural intercourse for
unnatural and men likewise giving up natural
relations with women. page 200
How Goss
Interpretes
Paul
• For Paul, Gentiles have exchanged God for
created things (Romans 1:23, 26), resulting in
disordered sexuality. page 200
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Why Is Paul Saying This? – Paul’s
Immediate Context:
•Idolatry (Romans 1) and
•An “Entrapment” for Judgmental Jews
(Romans 2)
How Goss
Interpretes
Paul
• These verses (Romans 1:26 & 27) form part of
Paul’s larger argument on Roman idolatry (Romans
1) and function as a prelude for arguing against
judgmental Jewish critics (Romans 2). page 200
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Theses Meant to Rehabilitate Paul for the
Queer Community
How Goss
Says Others
Interpret
Paul
John Boswell
• Argues that heterosexually oriented people
engaged in homosexual acts.
• Critiques site his use of modern sexual-identity
template as an anacronistic application to
ancient sexuality. page 200
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Theses Meant to Rehabilitate Paul for the
Queer Community
How Goss
Says Others
Interpret
Paul
James Miller
• Argues that Romans 1:26 and 27 is a reference to
unnatural heterosexual oral or anal intercourse
because Paul’s culture did not have a linked
concept of male and female homoeroticism. page
200
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Theses Meant to Rehabilitate Paul for the
Queer Community
How Goss
Says Others
Interpret
Paul
Tom Hanks
• Argrees with Miller re: Romans 1:26 that women
engaged in anal sex with men to avoid
procreation.
•Sees Romans 1:27 as built on the Leviticus
prohibitions against male-to-male, unprotected
anal sex. page 200
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Theses Meant to Rehabilitate Paul for the
Queer Community
How Goss
Says Others
Interpret
Paul
Robin Scroggs
• Sees Romans 1:27 as a reference to
relationships between an older man and a youth
based on the existing cultural pederasty in the
Greco-Roman world.
• Goss sights Scroggs as failing to see these
verses as female homoeroticism and adult-maleto-adult-male homoeroticism. page 200
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Theses Meant to Rehabilitate Paul for the
Queer Community
How Goss
Says Others
Interpret
Paul
L. William Countryman
• Romans 1:26 and 27 are to be understood within
the purity codes of Judaism. The unclean
homoerotic acts of the Gentile world are now
insignificant in Christ.
• Paul refers to these acts only rhetorically so he
can later unpack Jewish sinfulness. page 201
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Theses Meant to Rehabilitate Paul for the
Queer Community
How Goss
Says Others
Interpret
Paul
Daniel Halminiak
• Against nature means “beyond nature.” The
acts here are heterosexual nonprocreative sex
acts: intercourse during menstruation,
intercourse standing up, and oral or anal sex.
• In context, Paul is rhetorically addressing
Jewish superiority over Gentile impurity. page 201
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Theses Meant to Rehabilitate Paul for the
Queer Community
Goss’ Summary of the Above Seven Authors
How Goss
Says Others
Interpret
Paul
“For the above authors, Paul is trying to heal the
split of Jewish and Gentile Christians in Rome;
these theses are meant to rehabilitate Paul for the
queer community.” page 201
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Goss
Adopts
Bernadette
Brooten’s
View of
“Gender
Codes”
Goss on Brooten’s View of Romans 1:26-27
• Her gender analysis undercuts the above male
perspective on Romans 1:26-27.
• She is not rehabilitating Paul. page 201
•Her view on Romans 1:26-27: “Women exchanged
the passive, subordinate sexual role for an active
autonomous role.” page 201
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Goss on Brooten’s View of Romans 1:26-27
That “Women exchanged the passive, subordinate sexual
role for an active autonomous role.”
Romans 1:26-27
Goss
Adopts
Bernadette
Brooten’s
View of
“Gender
Codes”
• Goss quotes Martti Nissinen: “It was
woman’s active sexual role that was
regarded as truly contrary to nature.”
Homoeroticism in the Ancient World, 108
• Male-female sex roles (active-passive,
penetrator and penetrated) were intertwined
with the cultural gender codes in the
dominant Greco-Roman culture of the first
century C.E., page 201
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Goss on Brooten’s View of Romans 1:26-27
That “Women exchanged the passive, subordinate sexual
role for an active autonomous role.”
Romans 1:26-27
Goss
Adopts
Bernadette
Brooten’s
View of
“Gender
Codes”
• Brooten comprehends Romans 1:26-27 in light of
I Corinthians 11:2-16, where Paul describes a natural
hierarchy of man over woman in which hairstyle
and headdress differentiate gender and are
understood as natural. page 201
• Goss quotes Martti Nissinen: “This hierarchical
pattern was not invented by Paul but belonged to
his culture” in the Eastern Mediterranean world
where gender role categories were determined by
anatomy and portrayed by conformity to
established gender roles. Homoeroticism
in the Ancient World, 107
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Conclusion: Goss’ View on Romans 1:26-27
Goss
Adopts
Bernadette
Brooten’s
View of
“Gender
Codes”
• According to Paul, disordered sexuality
resulted when the Gentiles exchanged God
for created things (idolatry). page 200
•The issue at the heart of Romans 1:26-27 is
the rigid gender codes Paul grew up with as
a Pharisaic Jew and perhaps his own fears
about his sexual drives. page 202
• These are Paul’s personal opinions woven
into his pastoral letter to the Romans. Many
Christians no longer condone his acceptance
of slavery nor his statements about women.
page 202
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
These are Paul’s personal
opinions woven into his
pastoral letter to the Romans.
Before the mountains were brought
forth . . . from everlasting to
everlasting, thou art God. Psalm 90:2
Chapter III
“Against Nature”
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler Connoley-
It Doesn’t Apply To Me
Part Two
Jeff Miner & John Tylor Connoley on
Romans 1
• We consider this to be the easiest of the
clobber passages to interpret because Paul
thoroughly explains the factual assumptions and
rational behind his condemnation of the
behavior described here. In Romans 1:21-31, Paul
is moving through a logical progression.
pages 13-14
Romans 1:26 “…that which is against nature.”
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Jeff Miner & John Tylor Connoley on
Romans 1
Paul’s Logical Progression in Romans 1:21-31
Paul is talking about people who . . .
• Refused to acknowledge God (.v21), then…
• Began to worship idols (v.23), then…
• Prefered earthly pursuits over spiritual (v. 25), then…
Romans 1:26
“…that
which is
against
nature.”
• Gave up their innate passion for the opposite sex
in search of unbounded pleasure (v 26-27), and…
• Lived lives full of covetousness, malice, envy, etc.
and hatred of God (v. 29-31). page 14
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Jeff Miner & John Tylor Connoley on
Romans 1
Paul’s Model in
Gay Relationship Model
Romans 1:21-31
in the 21st Century
• Associated with idol worship
• Not part of idol worship
• Naturally heterosexual
• Naturally homosexual
• Rejected God
• Accepted God
• Rejected their sexual orientation
• Accepted their sexual orientation
• Sex outside of their orientation
• Sex within their orientation
• Sex with temple prostitutes
• Sex with committed partners
Paul is addressing a different set of facts
Same Sex Love :
Natural or Unnatural?
Romans 1:26-27
Jeff Miner & John Tyler Connoley on
Paul’s Model in
Romans 1:21-31
Romans 1
Gay Relationship Model
in the 21st Century
Paul is addressing a
different set of facts
Romans 1:26-27
PaulEasiest
is addressing
set of facts
“The
Passageatodifferent
Interpret”
Chapter III
“Against Nature”
Thomas Hanks-
Seven Myths Exposed
Part Three
Karl Benkert
The Myths of Romans 1:24-27
Did you know that . . . .
The term “heterosexual”
Rev. Dr. Thomas Hanks
was
coinedof only
Co-founder
Other after
Sheepthe
term “homosexual”
was
Theologian,
Director of Mission
coined.
The word "homosexual"
coined by the Hungarian
Myth: Paul
condemns all
writer
homosexuals.
Karoly
(or has
Karl)noBenkert
Fact: Paul
concept of
sexual orientation.
in 1869 entered
the English
vocabulary
Myth: Paul condemns all
whenhomosexual
Krafft-Ebbing's
acts.
Fact: Paul only condemns
Psychopathia
Sexualis
lustful, self-serving
was translated
into English
passions. He does not
incondemn
the 1890's.
loving
relationships.
The Myths of Romans 1:24-27
Myth: Paul condemns lesbians.
Did you know that . . . .
John Chrysostom, ca.
400 AD, was the first to
misinterpret verse 26 as
a reference to lesbians.
Fact: Paul, in verse 26, is not
speaking of women who
changed sex partners (from
male to female), but he is
speaking of women who
changed sexual
practices (while still having
sex with men); that is instead
of coitus, they practiced
anal sex and oral sex.
The Myths of Romans 1:24-27
”Homosexuality is Sin”
Myth: Paul condemns
homoerotic acts as sin.
Fact: Paul places these acts
under the cultural
category of
“uncleanness” which
describes material
things as “out of their
”I
have
never
Did you know that . . . .
appropriate place.”
eatenwas
anything
An “unclean” person
Semen deposited “out
that is common
disqualified for partcipation
in
of place” left the
or unclean”
worship until declared
clean individual “unclean.”
Peter
again.
The Myths of Romans 1:24-27
Myth: Paul demonstrates that
homosexuality is the
worst sin.
Fact: What Paul describes is
the divine punishment
of idolatrous people
whom God has
abandoned. Further, in
verse 31, he describes
Did you know that . . . .
them as “without
Jesus places a high premium
mercy” (for the poor,
on love and mercy shown to
weak, and oppressed)
the poor, weak and
oppressed. Matt. 25:31-46
The Myths of Romans 1:24-27
Myth: Paul shows how a person
through idolatry becomes a
homosexual.
Did you know that . . . .
Paul employs a type of
“lengend” – that the world
was all monotheistic - to
establish his theological
argument.
Fact: Paul is explaining how all
humanity in some remote
previous age rejected God,
chose idolatry and suffered
divine punishment. He is not
describing the psychological
development of modern
individuals.
”Look, it’s
unnatural!”
The Myths of Romans 1:24-27
Myth: Paul condemns all
homoerotic acts for
being “against nature.”
Fact: Not all homoerotic acts
are against nature. That
which is “natural” for
some (a homosexual having
same-sex sex) is “against
nature” for others (a
Did you know that . . . .
Homoerotic acts are
common in more than 450
animal species.
heterosexual having samesex sex).
Myth
Myth
Myth
You Shall Know the Truth,
and The Truth Shall Set
You Free
Myth
Myth
Myth
Myth
Chapter IV
Male-Male Sex
• Robert E. GossGender Role Confusion
• Jeff Miner and John Tyler ConnoleyHomosexual Temple Prostitution
• L. William CountrymanProhibition of Mixing Kinds
The Clobber
Passages
XI
Leviticus 18:22
and 20:13
Thou Shalt
Not Lie with
Mankind, as
with
Womankind:
It is
Abomination.
Thou
shalt
not...
XI
not...
Thou
shalt
The Eleventh Commandment
Leviticus 18:22 KJV
Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as
with womankind: it is abomination.
Leviticus 20:13 KJV
If a man also lie with mankind, as he
lieth with a woman, both of them
have committed an abomination:
they shall surely be put to death;
their blood shall be upon them.
I
Leviticus 18:22 KJV
Thou shalt not lie with
mankind, as with womankind:
it is abomination.
Does this commandment apply
to us today?
II
Yes, if the same conditions
exist today that existed when
the law was first given.
Leviticus 20:13 KJV
If a man also lie with mankind,
as he lieth with a woman, both
of them have committed an
abomination: they shall surely
be put to death; their blood
shall be upon them.
III
To illustrated this principal . . .
Civil Law
“Judicial holdings are limited to
the facts of the case.”
Religious Law
The Leviticus commandment is “limited
to” its historical and contextual setting.
This illustration is taken from The Children Are Free, Miner & Connoley, p. 8
“Judicial holdings are
limited to the facts of the case.”
This illustration is taken from The Children Are Free, Miner & Connoley, p. 8
When a lawyer wishes to argue his
position by referring to a decision
handed down by the courts on a
former case, there are two questions
he must answer about that case in
order to know the meaning of the
case and thereby use it correctly.
“Judicial
holdings are
“The
rule established
is
limited to the facts of the case.”
First Question:
“What is the holding of the case?”
Holding refers to the rule established by
the court’s decision.
Now that we know
“the rule established” we know what
the case means, right?
This illustration is taken from The Children Are Free, Miner & Connoley, p. 8
“Judicial
holdings are
“The
rule established
is
limited to the facts of the case.”
Second Question:
“What were the facts of the case?
- a very vital question In other
The
words,
facts you
of both
cannot
cases
take
must
a rule
be
that a carefully
judge issued
examined
in onetocontext
determine
and
whether
automatically
they are
apply
similar
it toenough
a different
for the
set
rule to apply to bothofcases.
facts.
This illustration is taken from The Children Are Free, Miner & Connoley, p. 8
Chapter IV
Male-Male Sex
Robert E. Goss-
Gender Role Confusion
Part One
Goss:
Leviticus is about Gender Role Confusion
Leviticus 18:22
‫וְאֶ ת־ ָזכָר‬
ve’et zakhar -And with a male
‫ל ֹא ִת ְשכַּב‬
lo tishkav
-you shall not lie
‫ִמ ְשכְ בֵ י‬
‫ִא ָשה‬
‫תֹועֵ בָ ה ִהוא׃‬
mishkeve
ishah
-the lyings of a
woman
toevah hi
-it is abhorrent
‫ל ֹא תשכב משכב א ָּׁשה‬
“And with a male you shall not lie the lyings of a woman.”
Goss: Leviticus is about Gender Role Confusion:
“And with a male you shall not lie the lyings of a woman.”
“Lying down” is a euphemism for
“bedding someone” without
specifying the sexual act (oral,
vaginal, anal or otherwise?).
Queering Christ, Robert E. Goss, p. 189-190
However, according to Saul Olyan,
a biblical scholar at Brown
University, “the lyings of a woman,”
means male-to-male anal
intercourse.
Queering Christ, Robert E. Goss, p. 189-190
Goss: Leviticus is about Gender Role Confusion:
Saul Olyan concludes that “the
male-male sex laws of the Holiness
Source (Code) appear to be:
•circumscribed in their meaning,
•refer specifically to intercourse,
•and suggest that anal
penetration was seen as
analogous to vaginal
penetration on some level.”
Leviticus 18:22
Queering Christ, Robert E. Goss,
p. 190
“And with a male you shall not lie the lyings of a woman.”
Goss: Leviticus is about Gender Role Confusion
The male-male sex laws of the Holiness
Code appear to be:
•circumscribed in their meaning,
•refer specifically to anal intercourse
Queering Christ, Robert E. Goss, p. 190
Because the ‘lying down of a woman’ seems to
mean vaginal receptivity, Lev. 18:22 and 20:13
does not prohibit
of in
a
bisexual male
fromrange
engaging
male-male
oral any
sex
female-to-female
groupThou
sex (as
long as
shalt
. . he
. doesn’t
sex
male-male
masturbation
penetrate
a
male)
Thou shalt not . .
“And with a male you shall not lie the lyings of a woman.”
Goss: Leviticus is about Gender Role Confusion:
The male-male sex laws of the Holiness
Code appear to:
•suggest that anal
penetration
was
The
Leviticus text
“confusion
of who
seen as analogous
to
objects
to vaginal
a male
penetration
ongender
some
level.”
roles” for
becomes
a substitute
Queering Christ, Robert E. Goss, p. 190
a female. A man who
functions as a woman is
The lying down
of a woman is
an ‘abomination’.
Because
the
penetrated
lost
his
constructed
as Robert
appropriate
Queering
Christ,
E.Goss,
p. 190-191
manly honor,
the transgression
exclusively
to females;
itisis
a confusion
of genderSaul
roles.
gendered
as feminine.
Olyan
Queering Christ, Robert E.Goss, p. 191
“And with a male you shall not lie the lyings of a woman.”
Goss: Leviticus is about Gender Role Confusion:
What follows is a Talmudic interpretation of the
male-male texts of the Holiness Code. Though it is
historically much later, it is consistent with the
gender codes of the earlier period (Queering Christ, p 191):
There was something pathological and depraved,
however, in the spectacle of an adult male allowing his
male body to be used as if it were the body of a person of
penetrable status. It is sex-role reversal, or gender
deviance, that is problematized here. . . . I suggest also
penetration of a male constituted a consignment of him to
the class of females . . . a degradation of status; this
constituted a sort of mixing of kinds, a general taboo
occurrence in Hebrew culture.
“ . . . penetration of a male constituted a
consignment of him to the class of females . .
. . . a degradation of status . . .”
Women’s
Rights
-----Women’s
Reform
“It is sex-role reversal, or gender
deviance, that is problematized here.”
Civil Law
“Judicial holdings are limited to
the facts of the case.”
Religious Law
The Leviticus commandment is “limited
to” its historical and contextual setting.
Civil Law
“Judicial
holdings are
limited to the
facts of the
case.”
Religious Law
The Leviticus
commandment is
“limited to” its
historical and
contextual setting.
Civil Law
“Judicial
holdings are
limited to the
facts of the
case.”
Church Law
Leviticus
18:22, 20:13
“It is sex-role reversal, or
gender deviance, that is
problematized here.”
“ . . . penetration of a male constituted a consignment of him
to the class of females . . . a degradation of status.”
Chapter IV
Male-Male Sex
Jeff Minor
and John Tylor Connoley-
Homosexual Temple
Prostitution
Part Two
Miner & Connoley: Homosexual Temple Prostitution
The text itself tells us
three times that “the
rules set forth in
chapters 18 and 20
are meant to prevent
the Israelites from
doing what the
Egyptians and
Canaanites did.
The Children Are Free,
Jeff Minor and John
Tylor Connoley, p. 10
Miner & Connoley: Homosexual Temple Prostitution
“After the doings of
the land of Egypt,
wherein ye dwelt,
shall ye not do: and
after the doings of the
land of Canaan,
whither I bring you,
shall ye not do.”
Lev. 18:3. Cf. Lev. 18:24; Lev.
20: 23
Miner & Connoley: Homosexual Temple Prostitution
If we can determine
what type of
homosexual behavior
was common among
the Canaanites and
Egyptians, we will
better understand
what these verses
meant to prohibit.
The Children Are Free,
Jeff Minor and John
Tylor Connoley, p. 10
Miner & Connoley: Homosexual Temple Prostitution
Many Canaanites and
Egyptians worshipped
a goddes of love and
fertility called Astarte
or Ishtar.
The Children Are Free,
Jeff Minor and John
Tylor Connoley, p. 10
Miner & Connoley: Homosexual Temple Prostitution
Every kind of sexual
practice imaginable
was performed at
these rituals, including
homosexual sex.
The Children Are Free,
Jeff Minor and John
Tylor Connoley, p. 11
Miner & Connoley: Homosexual Temple Prostitution
Sexual intercourse
was considered
especially effective for
gaining the goddess’s
favor, because the
male worshiper was
offering his greatest
possession, semen –
the essence of life.
The Children Are Free,
Jeff Minor and John
Tylor Connoley, p. 11
Miner & Connoley: Homosexual Temple Prostitution
It cannot be emphasized enough that Lev. 18
and 20 specifically say they were written to
address pagan religious practices, and that both
chapters include long lists of sexual practices
common in these Canaanite and Egyptian cultic
rituals
The Children Are Free, Jeff Minor and John Tylor Connoley,
p. 11
Cf. Daniel Helminiak with Miner & Connoley
The Canaanite religion
included fertility rites. During
these rituals whole families and
groups of families all might
have sex with one another.
What the Bible Really Says About
Homosexuality, Daniel Helminiak,
p. 46
Cf. Daniel Helminiak with Minor & Connoley
Leviticus condemned
homogenital sex as a
religious crime of idolatry, not
as a sexual offense.
What the Bible Really Says About
Homosexuality, Daniel Helminiak, p.
45
Cf. Daniel Helminiak with Miner & Connoley
The argument in Leviticus is
religious, not ethical or moral.
No thought is given to whether
the sex in itself is right or wrong.
All concern is for keeping Jewish
identity strong.
What the Bible Really Says About
Homosexuality, Daniel Helminiak, p.
47
Thou shalt have no other
gods before me
Thou shalt not make unto
thee any graven
Theimage.
argument in Leviticus is
Thou shalt notreligious,
bow down
not ethical or moral.
thyself to them,No
nor
serve is given to whether
thought
them.
the sex in itself is right or wrong.
All concern is for keeping Jewish
identity strong.
What the Bible Really Says About
Homosexuality, Daniel Helminiak, p.
47
Miner & Connoley: Homosexual Temple Prostitution
Lev. 18 and 20 are
clearly directed at
homosexual temple
prostitution, and that is
how they should be
applied.
The Children Are Free,
Jeff Miner and John
Tyly Connoley, p. 12
Civil Law
“Judicial holdings are limited to
the facts of the case.”
Religious Law
The Leviticus commandment is “limited
to” its historical and contextual setting.
Civil Law
“Judicial
holdings are
limited to the
facts of the
case.”
Lev. 18 and 20 are
clearly directed at
Religious
Law
homosexual
temple
The Leviticus
prostitution,
and that is
commandment is
how they
should be
“limited to” its
applied.historical and
contextual
setting.
The Children
Are Free,
Jeff Miner and John
Tyly Connoley, p. 12
Civil Law
“Judicial
holdings are
limited to the
facts of the
case.”
Leviticus
18:22, 20:13
Church Law
Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13 are the only
direct references to male homoeroticism in
the Hebrew Scriptures. Orthodox Jews and
fundamentalist Christians take the verses
as a blanket condemnation of all
homosexual practices.
Queering Christ, Robert E. Goss, p. 189
Leviticus 18:22 KJV
Thou shalt not lie
with mankind, as with
womankind: it is
abomination.
OK! So it
pertains to a
different time
and a different
culture. It
doesn’t address
homosexuality
as we know it
today.
Leviticus 20:13 KJV
If a man also lie with mankind,
as he lieth with a woman, both
of them have committed an
abomination: they shall surely
be put to death; their blood
shall be upon them.
But . . .
What does the word
“abomination” mean?
What does the word “abomination” mean?
The Hebrew word translated abomination
appears six times in chapters 18 and 20 (Leviticus) of
the Holiness Code. It occurs nowhere else in
Leviticus. It signifies ‘ritual impurity.’
Queering Christ, Robert E. Goss, p. 191
Every people has its own
Depending
on its
context,
list
of things that
it finds
The termabomination
abomination
is first
used
in
can
mean
moral
contaminating
or
Gen. 43:32: “ . . . the Egyptians
might
not eat
breador
indignation,
visceral
disgust,
distasteful.
Wrestling
With
God & Men,
Rabbi
with the Hebrews; mere
for that
is anrejection.
abomination
unto
social
Wrestling
With
Steven
p.81
God & Men,
RabbiGreenburg,
Steven
Greenburg,
p.82
the Egyptians.”
Wrestling With God & Men, Rabbi Steven Greenburg, p. 81
What does the word “abomination” mean?
What does “abomination” mean in
Lev. 18:22? What is meant in
the Hebrew is not so clear.
Wrestling With God & Men, Rabbi Steven
Greenburg, p.82
•moral indignation,
•visceral disgust, or
•mere social rejection
Depending on its context, abomination can
mean moral indignation, visceral disgust,
or mere social rejection. Wrestling With God &
Men, Rabbi Steven Greenburg, p.82
Civil Law
“Judicial
holdings are
limited to the
facts of the
case.”
Lev. 18 and 20 are
clearly directed at
homosexual
temple
Religious
Law
prostitution,
and that is
The Leviticus
commandment
is
how they
should be
“limited to” its
applied.historical and
The Children
Are Free,
contextual
setting.
Jeff Miner and John
Tyly Connoley, p. 12
Chapter IV
Male-Male Sex
L. William Countryman-
Prohibition of Mixing Kinds
Part Three
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
The purity laws of Israel was one
of the principal forces that kept
Israel separate from the nations.
The Torah contains a great deal
besides purity rules, but it would
be difficult to overstate their
importance among its contesnts.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman, p.22
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
The two most substantial
collections of purity law are
found in Leviticus. The first,
Lev. 11-16; the second, Lev. 1726.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman,
p.22
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
Lev. 11-16
Lev. 17-26
• No Given Name
• Uncleanness that calls for
some rite of purification
• Discerning Uncleanness
• Kind of purification rite
required
• Section concludes with a
dsicription of the rites of the
Day of Atonement.
• “The Holiness Code”
• The Historical Consequences of Uncleanness
• God’s claim on the people
• Removal of offenders from
the midst of the people
• If Isreal fails to observe the
“Holiness Code,” God will
punish and exile them.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William
Countryman, p.22
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William
Countryman, p.22
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
Despite their differences, the
two codes are alike in offering
us a glimpse into the inner
rationale of the purity system.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman,
p.23
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
God’s holiness means wholeness
and completeness, not only in God,
but in God’s creation.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman, p.23
The inner rationale of the purity system.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman, p.23-24
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
Leviticus 13
13.
12. Then
And ifthe
a leprosy
priest shall
breakconsider:
out abroad
and,
inbehold,
the skin,if
and
thethe
leprosy
leprosy
have
cover
covered
all theallskin
his of
flesh,
him he
that
shall
hath
pronounce
the plague
himfrom
cleanhis
that
head
hatheven
the plague:
to his foot,
it is all
wheresoever
turned white:
thehe
priest
is clean.
looketh;
wholeness and completeness
The inner rationale of the purity system.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman, p.23-24
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
the first principal
The essence of the impurity occasioned by
leprosy is not the disease itself . . . But that
the whole and complete human being ought
to be of a single hue.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman, p.23
wholeness and completeness
The inner rationale of the purity system.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman, p.23-24
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
the first
principal
This was the first principal which
shaped the purity law:
‘Wholeness and completeness
of the individual; a selfcontained specimen of its kind.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman, p.26,
27
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
the second
principal
The second principal which
shaped the purity law:
Prohibition of mixing ‘kinds.’
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman,
p.26, 27
linen
and
wool
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
the second
principal
This is the reason for the
condemnation of homosexual
acts. No one person must
seek to combine mutually
exclusive perfections.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William Countryman, p.26
Lev. 18:22 and
20:13
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L.
William Countryman,
p.26, 27
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
the second
principal
linen
and
wool
Lev. 18:22 and
20:13
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L.
William Countryman,
p.26, 27
The phrasing “the
lyings of a woman”
makes clear that a male
who fulfills the
“female” role is a
combination of kinds
and therefore unclean
like a cloth composed
of both linen and wool.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William
Countryman, p.26
L. William Countryman: Prohibition of Mixed Kinds
the second
principal
‫וְאֶ ת־ ָּׁזכָּׁר ל ֹא‬
‫ת ְשכַּב מ ְשכְ בֵ י‬
‫א ָּׁשה תֹועֵ בָּׁ ה‬
‫הוא׃‬
The act that renders
the “female” partner
unclean is the joint
responsibility of both
partners. Lev. 20:13.
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William
Countryman, p.26
Lev. 18:22 and
20:13
Dirt, Creed & Sex, L.
William Countryman,
p.26, 27
Civil Law
“Judicial holdings
are limited to the
facts of the case.”
Religious Law
linen &
The Leviticus commandment
is “limited to” its historical wool
and contextual setting.
Homosexual acts are termed
“abominations,” that is,
“disgusting things.” The term
toebah and its synonym
shiqquts, both translated
“abomination”, apply to things
as diverse as unclean foods, the
sacrifice of a blemished animal,
remarriage to a former wife, and
idols. Dirt, Creed & Sex, L. William
Countryman, p.30
Civil Law
“Judicial holdings
are limited to the
facts of the case.”
Religious Law
linen &
The Leviticus commandment
is “limited to” its historical wool
and contextual setting.
Homosexual acts must have
formed a relatively peripheral
aspect of the overall purity
system. … The large place
homosexuality assumes in
modern purity systems has some
origin other than a simple
reading of Torah. Dirt, Creed & Sex,
L. William Countryman, p.30, 32
Civil Law
“Judicial holdings
are limited to the
facts of the case.”
Religious Law
The Leviticus
commandment is
“limited to” its
historical and
contextual setting.
linen
& wool
Homosexual acts are a
combination of kinds and
therefore unclean like a
cloth composed of both
linen and wool. Dirt, Creed & Sex,
L. William Countryman, p.26-27
‫וְאֶ ת־ ָזכָר‬
‫ל ֹא ִת ְשכַּב‬
‫ִמ ְשכְ בֵ י‬
‫ִא ָשה‬
‫תֹועֵ בָ ה ִהוא׃‬
ve’et zakhar -And a male
lo tishkav -you shall not
bed (sexually
penetrate)
mishkeve -(engulfing one’s
ishah penis) as in the
lyings of a
woman
toevah hi -it is abhorrent
Chapter V
“Male-Male Sex”
• Robert E. GossGender Role Confusion
• Jeff Miner and John Tyler ConnoleyHomosexual Temple Prostitution
• L. William CountrymanProhibition of Mixing Kinds
The Clobber
Passages
•Going after
strange flesh –
Jude 7
Romans 1:26
Definition/ Study:
Source:
• The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 16-18
Romans 1:26
Definition/ Study:
Source:
• The Children
Are Free by
Jeff Miner and
John Tyler
Connoley,
pages 16-18
‫וְאֶ ת־ ָזכָר‬
‫ל ֹא ִת ְשכַּב‬
‫ִמ ְשכְ בֵ י‬
‫ִא ָשה‬
‫תֹועֵ בָ ה ִהוא׃‬
ve’et zakhar -And a male
lo tishkav -you shall not
bed (sexually
penetrate)
mishkeve -(engulfing one’s
ishah penis) as in the
lyings of a
woman
toevah hi -it is abhorrent