Thiti Theerathean
Center for Teaching Excellence
University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce
E-mail : thiti_the@utcc.ac.th
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
What is the Internet ?
The Internet, also called the NET, is a worldwide collection of networks that
links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals.
We use the internet for….
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Researching information.
Sharing data and resource.
Data publication.
Chat and mail.
Playing game.
Trading and Payment.
etc.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
A History of the Internet.
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1957, USSR launches the first artificial earth satellite - Sputnik.
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1958, US forms the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) that was
created as a direct response to the launch of the Sputnik by USSR.
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1962, J. C. R. Licklider create a
concept for an Intergalactic
Computer Network or Galactic
Network.
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1969, ARPA and MIT initiated a
project to build a computer
network, called ARPA Network
(ARPANET)
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
A History of the Internet.
The first ARPANET link was established between 4-node network
Node 1: University of California Los Angeles (UCLA),
Host is SDS SIGMA7
Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI), Host is SDS
940
Node 3: University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB),
Host is IBM 360/75
Node 4: University of Utah, Host is DEC PDP-10
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
A History of the Internet.
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1970, the radio-based data communications system, ALOHAnet, was
developed by Norman Abramson at the University of Hawaii.
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1972, ALOHAnet was connected to the ARPANET
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1973, European developers were concerned with developing the X.25
networks and join the network to ARPANET through the Norwegian
Seismic Array (NORSAR)
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
A History of the Internet.
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1981, the number of hosts had grown to 213, with a new host being
added approximately every twenty days.
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1983, all hosts on the ARPANET were switched over from the NCP
protocol to
TCP/IP protocol.
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1986, The U.S. National Science
Foundation (NFS) establish the NFSnet (the
backbone speed of 56Kbps) that aimed to
create an open network allowing academic
researchers access to supercomputers.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
A History of the Internet.
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1988, the NSFnet backbone upgraded to 1.5Mbps and the opening
of the network to commercial interests was began.
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1989, ARPANET ended officially
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1991, the NSFnet backbone upgraded to 45 Mbps
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1992, number of hosts breaks 1,000,000
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1996, The first mobile phone to have Internet connectivity
was the Nokia 9000 Communicator.
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1999, NTT DoCoMo in Japan launched
the first mobile Internet service, i-Mode
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2001, 150 – 175 million hosts
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2002, over 200 million hosts
“The genie would not go back in the bottle”
By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Internet users in the World
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Internet users in Asia
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Internet users in Thailand
Source: The 2008 ICT Survey (Household)
National Statistical Office, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology
Source: http://internet.nectec.or.th
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How can we connect to the Internet ?
Company.
Home User.
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Network Service Provider.
(NSP)
Internet Service Provider.
(ISP)
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that offers its customers access to
the Internet.
A network service provider (NAP) is a telecommunications company that
sells bandwidth or network access by providing direct backbone access to the
Internet
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Network Service Providers in Thailand.
International Internet Gateway (IIG)
• CAT Telecom
• TOT
• True Internet
• TT&T
• CS Loxinfo
• Super Broadband Network
• Advance Datanetwork Communications
National Internet Exchange (NIX)
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CAT Telecom National Internet Exchange
TOT National Internet Exchange
True Internet Gateway National Internet Exchange
Advance Datanetwork Communication National
Internet Exchange
CS Loxinfo National Internet Exchange
TT&T Global Network National Internet Exchange
Super Broadband Network (SBN) Internet Exchange
NECTEC IIR Public Internet Exchange
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Internet Service Providers in Thailand.
Wired
True Internet
DSL, Cable, Leased Line
3BB
TOT
CAT Telecom
KSC Internet
CS Loxinfo
TT&T
Buddy Broadband
Internet Thailand
Pacific Internet
Jasmine Internet
Samart
A-Net
Otaro/InterNetwork
Proen Internet
DSL, Leased Line
DSL, Leased Line
DSL, Cable, Leased Line
Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
DSL
DSL
Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Wireless
AIS
GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA
DTAC
GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA
True
GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, Wi-Fi
TOT
HSDPA, Wi-Fi
CAT Telecom 3G CDMA
Hutch
3G CDMA
iMobile 3Gx HSDPA
iKool 3G
HSDPA
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Wired Internet Connection
Dial-up
 V.92
Download 56 Kbps
Upload 48 Kbps
 V.90 Download 56 Kbps
Upload 33.6 Kbps
 V.34+ Download 33.6 Kbps
Upload 33.6 Kbps
 V.34 Download 28.8 Kbps
Upload 28.8 Kbps
The client uses a modem connected to a computer and a telephone line to
dial into an Internet service provider's (ISP) node to establish a modem-to-modem
link, which is then routed to the Internet.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Wired Internet Connection
Leased line
Router Modem
Leased line
Router Modem
Upstream
Downstream
Internet
Gateway
ISP
Lease line.
•A private symmetric telecommunications line on the telephone networks that
always active.
•It is connected over copper wire or fiber optic and can guarantee the levels of
service
•The fee for the connection is a fixed monthly rate.
•Its speed is multiples of 64 Kbps.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Wired Internet Connection
Digital Subscriber line.
•Uses the Ordinary Telephone line and is an always-on technology.
•A subscriber cannot be any more than 5.5 kilometers (2-3 miles) from the
DSL Exchange because it is highly dependent upon noise levels.
• Service can be Symmetric and Asymmetric.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Digital Subscriber line.
• HDSL : High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
Upload :
Download :
[ Symmetric circuits ]
• ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line V.1 Upload :
Download :
Upload :
Download :
V.2+ Upload :
Download :
V.2
• VDSL : Very High bit-rate DSL
V.1
Upload :
Download :
V.2
Upload :
Download :
1.5 or 2 Mbps.
1.5 or 2 Mbps.
2 Mbps.
8 Mbps.
3.5
Mbps.
12
Mbps.
3.5
Mbps.
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24 Mbps.
16
Mbps.
Mbps.
100
Mbps.
100
Mbps.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Wired Internet Connection
Cable Internet
 Uses cable modem to connect a computer to
the cable company network through the same
coaxial cabling that feeds cable TV (CATV)
signals to a television set.
 Uses CMTS (Cable Modem Termination
System) at Head End.
 Characteristics:
• Downstream : 10 Mbps to 30 Mbps
128 Kbps to 3 Mbps
• Upstream :
• Maximum Distance from provider
to customer site : 30 miles
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Wireless Internet Connection
 Access with 2.5G Mobile Technology
The first major step in the evolution of GSM networks to connect the internet occurred
with the introduction of GPRS that provide data rates from 56 Kbps up to 115 Kbps.
 Access with 2.75G Mobile Technology
The GPRS networks evolved to EDGE networks that was deployed on GSM networks
beginning in 2003. It provides a potential three-fold increase in capacity of GSM/GPRS
networks (up to 230 Kbps).
 Access with 3G Mobile Technology
• 3G CDMA (CDMA2000 1xEV-DO) , It provides speed up to 2.4 Mbps
• High-Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA) that improved downlink provides
speed up to 14 Mbps
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Wireless Internet Connection
 Wi-Fi
A Wi-Fi is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications
standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs).
 IEEE 802.11a -- Speed: 54 Mbps,
Range: 15 - 20 m.
 IEEE 802.11b -- Speed: 11 Mbps,
Range: 30 - 45 m.
 IEEE 802.11g -- Speed: 54 Mbps,
Range: 30 - 45 m.
The wireless access point (AP) is a device that allows to transfer data wirelessly
to a wired network.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Wireless Internet Connection
 Wi-Fi Hot spot.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
 TCP/IP Protocol
H F
T
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TP P
A protocol is a formal description of message formats and
the rules for exchanging those messages.
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TP
P
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D
M N
AP S
Service: Application specific
-delivery of email
-retrieval of HTML documents
-reliable transfer of file
Functions: Application specific and user interface.
Service: Delivery of data between hosts
Functions: Connection
establishment/termination,
error control, flow control.
Service: Move packets from source host to
destination host
Functions: Routing, addressing.
Service: Reliable transfer of frames over a link
Media Access Control on a LAN
Functions: Framing, media access control
error checking.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing
Three different levels of addresses are used in an internet using the TCP/IP
protocols: physical (MAC) address, logical (IP) address, and port address.
A port address is a 16-bit address represented by one decimal
number
Port NO. : 80
An Internet address (in IPv4) is 32 bits in length, normally written
as four decimal numbers, with each number representing 1 byte.
The numbers are separated by a dot.
IP Address : 192.168.33.97
Most local area networks use a 48-bit physical address written as
12 hexadecimal digits, with every 2 bytes separated by a colon.
MAC Address : 07:01:02:01:2C:4B
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
Source
Destination
Segment
Datagram
Frame
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : Port Address
A port is an application-specific or process-specific software construct serving as
a communications endpoint, providing a multiplexing service. A specific
service is identified by its number, commonly known as the port number.
The port numbers are divided into three ranges:
• the well-known ports.

• the registered ports.
 1,024 – 49,151
0 – 1,023
• the dynamic or private ports.  49,152 – 65,535
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : Port Address
Port Number
Protocol
Service Name
Description
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TCP/UDP
Echo
Echoes a received datagram back to the sender.
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TCP
FTP
File Transfer Protocol (Data and Control)
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TCP
SMTP
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TCP/UDP
DNS
Domain Name Service
80
TCP
HTTP
World Wide Web
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TCP
POP3
Post Office Protocol - Version 3
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UDP
NTP
Simple mail Transfer Protocol
Network Time Protocol used for time synchronization
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : IP Address
Internet Layer
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Each host in the Internet is assigned to a specific and unique
number for identification.
This number is called the IP address (Internet Protocol Address)
This number is divided into 4 parts for improving the readability.
The range of each number is between 0 and 255.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : IP Address and Domain Name System
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2
Create connection to
www.google.com
With 216.239.39.99
www.google.com
IP address :
216.239.39.99
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IP address is difficult to remember.
Names are given to each computer on the Internet for the convenience
of human users.
• The Domain Name System is that it serves as the "phone book" for the
Internet.
• We can use for identify the website and the type of site it is.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : IP Address and Domain Name System
DNS is also known as a distributed database that provides mapping between IP addresses
and Host names.
root
Generic Domains
InterNIC
Country Domains
thaiNIC
• Domain names must be registered to ensure uniqueness
• Requires static IP address
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : IP Address and Domain Name System
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
What is World Wide Web ?
The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW
and commonly known as the Web, is a system
of interlinked hypertext documents accessed
via the Internet.
A Hypertext document creates connections
between related pieces of information via
hyperlink.
The hypertext document also contains Hyperlinks
that lead you to related information.
•Clicking on a link takes you to where that information is
stored.
•You can jump quickly from one information source to
another related source.
hypertext documents
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
The evolution of the World Wide Web
It began in 1990
•Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau pitched their ideas to the European
Conference on Hypertext Technology.
•For describe their ideas, Berners-Lee had built all the tools necessary for a
working Web :
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the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
the HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
the Web browser
the Web Server with HTTP server software
(later known as CERN httpd)
The first Web pages
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
The evolution of the World Wide Web
The Browser evolution.
•Mosaic takes the Internet, 1993
– A graphical WEB browser, WWW client which was released by Marc Andreesen
at NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) in the University of
Illinois in Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
•Netscape, 1994
– Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark
– 1996, 75% uses Netscape
– It was bought by America Online in 1999 (10 Billion in stock)
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
The evolution of the World Wide Web
As the Web Grew.
 Search engines and Web directories were created to track pages on the Web
and allow people to find things.
– Lycos, was created (1993)
– WebCrawler is the first full-text Web search engine (1994)
– Yahoo! And Altavista (1995)
– Google (1995)
 In 1997
• there are 1,301,000 domains.
 In 2000
• there are 17,119,262 web servers.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
The evolution of the World Wide Web
Now… Welcome to Web 2.0
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the Web work ?
HTTP Request
Web page
HTTP Response
Client + Web Browser
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Web Server
The information is stored in the Web pages as HTML format.
The web pages are stored in the computers called Web servers.
The computer reading the pages is called clients with specific web browsers.
Every page on the Web server has a special address that uniquely identifies it, the URL.
The web server waits for the HTTP request message from the clients over the Internet.
The web server retrieves the data and send them in HTML format to the client by using the
HTTP Response message.
The web browser interprets HTML document and show the information on Client’s screen.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the Web work ?
 Web Page and Uniform Resource Location (URL)
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A Web page has a unique address, which is called “URL”.
• It consists of a protocol, domain name, path and web page.
http://www.utcc.ac.th/ict/index.html
www.utcc.ac.th
ict
index.html page1.html page2.html
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the Web work ?
 HTML : HyperText Markup Language
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It is not a programming language.
Use Tags to describe the general form and layout of documents to be displayed
by the browser.
<html>
<head>
<title> UTCC </title>
</head>
<body> Hello My Web !! </body>
</html>
Tags
<p align=“right”>
Element
</p>
Attribute Value
Attribute Name
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
How dose the Web work ?
 HTTP Request message.
 HTTP Response message.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Creating a Web Page
 You can create your own Web pages using the Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML)
 Web pages can contain text, sound, graphics and video clips.
 A Web page is a single HTML document.
 A Web site is a number of pages linked together that are
controlled by a particular individual or organization.
 You can create a Web page in a variety of ways, for example using
– Notepad, a simple text editor, to enter your text, images, hyperlinks and
HTML tags.
– Web page creation programs or Web Authoring Tools which make creating
Web pages easier and do not require that you know HTML
– MS Word, by saving files as Web pages or by using the tools provided to
create Web pages
– Other ways of creating web sites are popular today: Content Management
Systems (CMS)
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Creating a Web Page
 Static Web Page : publish, request & response HTML files
http request
Web
Browser
http response
Web Server
Dynamic Web Page:
HTML plus Client Side Script(JavaScript, VBScript)
Server Side Script (ASP, PHP)
Database
http request
Web
Browser
Server-Side Script
Interpreter
http response
File
+ client-side Script
Web Server
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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
The Types of Web sites
There are thirteen types of Web sites
Portal
News
Informational
Business/Marketing
Blog
Wiki
Online Social
Network
Educational
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
The Types of Web sites
There are thirteen types of Web sites
Entertainment
Advocacy
Content Aggregator
Web Application
Personal
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Web 2.0
Online Communities
Phenomena
Web 1.0
Driven Technology.
Dynamic Web Page
Tagging
Blogging
Wikis
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Web 2.0
Dynamic Web Page
Server-side Script
Client-Side Script
eXtensible Markup Language : XML
Cascading Style Sheet : CSS
These Web development techniques can help you to speed up
response time and increase user satisfaction.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Web 2.0
Tagging
Folksonomy
Taxonomy
A tag is a keyword that described a piece of
information. It allows users to place
information in
multiple,
overlapping
associations rather than in rigid categories
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Web 2.0
Blogging
A Blog or Weblog is a personal
Web site, open to public, in which the
site creator expresses his or her
feelings or opinions.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Web 2.0
Wikis
Author
Community
Accreditation
Wikis allow distributed teams to collaboratively write and edit
documents through the Internet in a shared online workspace,
without the need for special HTML knowledge or tools.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Web 2.0
Really Simple Syndication : RSS
RSS is a family of web feed formats used to publish frequently
updated works. RSS feeds can be read using software called an "RSS
reader", "feed reader", or "aggregator", which can be webbased, desktop-based or mobile-device-based.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Categories of Web 2.0
 Social Network
Web sites allow users to upload their content to the web. It provides an easy
interaction way to communicate and collaborate with others on the web.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Categories of Web 2.0
 Aggregators
Web sites that gathers data from
multiple sources.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
Categories of Web 2.0
 Mashups
Web sites that takes content from a number of other Web and mixes them together to
create a new kind of content
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.
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The Principles of Information Technolog
y.