Introduction to R&P Company
and the
TEOM® Series 1400a Continuous PM Monitor
Tim Morphy
Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc.
25 Corporate Circle
Albany, NY 12203 USA
tmorphy@rpco.com
www.rpco.com
518-452-0065 ph
Ambient Air Monitoring Products
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TEOM® Mass Transducer (1)
Tapered element oscillates at its natural
frequency (simple harmonic oscillator).
Particulate matter collects on filter
continuously.
Frequency decreases with accumulation of
mass.
Direct relationship between mass and
frequency change:
 1
1
M ( g )  Ko  2  2 
fo 
 f1
Tapered element physical characteristics
(material, configuration, housing) chosen so
mass sensor calibration constant (K0) has
Tapered Element
insignificant response to temperature. (For
example, the change in K0 for a TEOM monitor
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operating at 30 °C and 50 °C is less than 1%.)
TEOM® Mass Transducer (2)
Equation describing tapered element is
derived from physical law. Not an
approximation. Approach similar to
laboratory microbalance in that mass
detected by sensor is result of measurement
of change in fundamental physical parameter
(e.g., frequency, strain, displacement)
Tapered element typically kept in constant
elevated temperature (user-selectable)
environment to
Minimize water interference from both sample airmoisture content and particle-associated water
Tapered Element
Provide high stability for real-time measurement
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R&P Commercial Products
Using The TEOM® Mass Sensor
TEOM®
Series 1400
Ambient PM Monitor
TEOM® Series 1105
Diesel Particulate Monitor
TEOM® Series 7000
Source PM Monitor
TEOM® Series 4100/4200
Combustion Efficiency Monitor
TEOM® Series 1500
Pulse Mass Analyzer
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TEOM® Series 1400a Ambient
Continuous Particulate Monitor
• Direct, continuous technique for true
filter-based mass measurement
• Superior time and mass resolution and precision
(hourly precision: ±1.5 µg/m³)
• Accepted standard for particulate monitoring
worldwide (regulatory, research, remediation, special
studies)
• USEPA Equivalent Method EQPM1090-079 for
PM10, CAC for PM2.5
• Australian Standard, JIS (Japan), Taiwan,
German TUV
• USEPA Fine Methods Study, ETV
• Over 4000 instruments deployed worldwide in
major air quality networks
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TEOM® Sensor Unit
Three independent
temperature control zones
Amplifier board maintains
tapered element oscillation
TEOM filter is Teflon®-coated
glass, 12 mm 
10 m cable set to control unit
Pivoting mass transducer
allows easy filter exchange
Sensor Unit with Door Open
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Filter Exchange
Insertion
Remova
l
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Quality Assurance/
Quality Control
Mass calibration check by first principles
Mass Calibration Verification Kit (NIST traceable)
Leak check procedure
Straight-forward, quick and easy using supplied
flow audit adapter
Sensor checks
StreamlineTM Pro MultiCal for field temperature,
pressure, and flow audits and calibrations (NIST
traceable)
TEOM monitor is only filter-based continuous PM monitor that
provides NIST-traceable mass and flow measurement methods
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Mass Calibration
Verification Kit
Example :
Ko 
Mfilter
1
1

f12 f 02
 Mfilter  0.07992g 
 f  269.481Hz   Implied K  7202
o
 o

 f1  200.536Hz 
Original K o  7186  0.22%difference
Available in 1-filter (standard) and 5-filter versions
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TEOM Leak Check
Remove sample inlet, and
attach flow audit adapter
To TEOM Control Unit
To TEOM
Sensor Unit
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Audit / Calibration
StreamlineTM Pro MultiCal System
Simultaneous NISTTraceable, Linear
Measurement of:
Flow Rate (0.8 to 19 l/min)
Ambient Temperature
Ambient Pressure
Filter Temperature (optional)
Menu-Driven interface, Data
Logging (Internal and/or
Optional PC-based)
Optional External
Temperature Probe for Filter
Temperature
Audits/Calibrations
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Goals for PM Quantification
Continuous PM Monitoring in Air Quality Networks
Match time-integrated reference (FRM)
technique
Provide representative short-term data in
combination with meteorological data to
determine source of PM episodes, AQI
reporting, mapping, and for abatement strategy
development
Minimize cross-interference by humidity,
thermodynamic conditions, chemical
composition
Measurement methods that are NIST-traceable
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Status of TEOM® Monitor
Major air monitoring networks
France, United Kingdom, Canada, United States (PM10 and
PM2.5), Mainland China, Hong Kong, Australia, Santiago,
Mexico City, Madrid, Stockholm, Brussels, Vancouver
Worldwide market share approximately 40-50% of all
PM continuous monitors. Data availability often greater
than 95% (UK AURN: 97+ %).
Approximately 75% of continuous monitors in US
regulatory monitoring network
Continuing scientific advancement of PM
measurements using TEOM technology
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History of Continuous PM
Monitoring at R&P
TEOM Series 1200 Ambient Particulate
Monitor
TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Particulate
Monitor
TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Particulate
Monitor operated at 30 °C for wintertime
measurements of lighter volatiles
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History (cont.)
TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Particulate Monitor with
Sample Equilibration System (SES) operated at 30
°C year-around (even at higher ambient temperature
and relative humidity)
Differential TEOM Monitor to provide an exacting
measurement of the ambient PM mass in the
atmosphere
Filter Dynamics Measurement System (Series 8500
FDMS) to measure the combined volatile and nonvolatile components of PM
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Differential TEOM Monitor
Filter-based
True NIST traceable mass
measurement
No calibration uncertainty
No measurement uncertainty
from volatile loss
No measurement uncertainty
from filter artifacts (gas
adsorption/desorption, etc.)
Real time
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FDMS
Schematic
Derivative of Differential
TEOM Monitor
Quantifies combined volatile
and non-volatile components
of PM mass concentration
Incorporates TEOM mass
sensor technology and
specially-configured Nafion
dryer
Provides determination of
volatile mass using selfreferencing gas conditioning
scheme
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FDMS Field Data
Claremont, CA, Test Site, 2-3 Nov 2001
Series 8500 - Filter Dynamics Measurement System
Claremont, California Test Site
100
80
Mass Concentration (ug/m^3)
60
40
20
0
-20
MC Unit #6 - 1 hour avg
Sample MC #6 - 1 hour avg
-40
Zero MC #6 - 1 hour avg
MC = 51.2
Sample MC = 46.0
Zero MC = -5.3
-60
-80
-100
11/02/01
6:00
11/02/01
8:00
11/02/01
10:00
11/02/01
12:00
11/02/01
14:00
11/02/01
16:00
11/02/01
18:00
11/02/01
20:00
11/02/01
22:00
11/03/01
0:00
11/03/01
2:00
11/03/01
4:00
11/03/01
6:00
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Comparison with
Reference Method
PM-2.5
FDMS
Results8500
vs. PM-2.5
FRM
Sampler
PM2.5
Series
FDMS
System
Bakersfield, Oct 2001 - Feb 2002, Units 2 and 3
PM-2.5 FDMS Mass Conc [µg/m³]
120
110
y = 1.035x + 3.243
100
R2 = 0.9766
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
PM-2.5 FRM Mass Conc [µg/m³]
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Source: California Air Resources Board
Applications of
Continuous PM Monitors
Provide continuous daily integrated “FRM”like measurements
Provide representative one-hour PM
measurements for public reporting (air
quality index, mapping, forecasting) and
health effects studies
Reduce labor and other costs associated
with manual sampling methodologies
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Where Does This Lead?
Challenge: identify continuous PM monitoring
method that provides “FRM”-like integrated
results that can be used for regulatory
purposes while providing meaningful, highprecision short-term (i.e., hourly) data
Requires blending of regulatory and scientific
needs
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Forward Looking Statement
R&P is committed to solving PM
measurement issues to enable continuous
monitoring in areas containing particulate
nitrate and volatile organic compounds
Instrumentation is based on first principles to
provide calibration based on scientific
considerations (not empirically-derived
calibration factors) for universal measurement
consistency from site to site
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Company Competencies
Responsive, customer-oriented
philosophy
Meeting the needs of clients, technical support
staff
ISO 9001 certified, CE/ETL marks
Consistency of internal procedures
Innovative design capabilities
Scientists, mechanical & electrical engineers,
designers
In touch with scientific directions
Scientific meetings, contact with opinion leaders
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Technical Support
Distributor/representative network
R&P Regional Company Representatives
Customer area of WWW site
http://www.rpco.com/customer (password
protected)
Technical documentation
Operating & service manuals, quick start guides,
tech notes
R&P service department
(support@rpco.com)
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Product specialists, on-site and in-house training
Company Overview
Over 100 employees, including strong in-house
design, engineering capabilities, technical application
support
First in industry with ISO 9001 certification
Manufacture both manual samplers (such as Partisol)
and continuous on-line monitors for ambient, stack,
diesel and research applications
Committed to superior product performance by
design, and industry-leading service and support
*
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Company Milestones
Contract with NASA for development of
space-based mass measurement system
Introduction of TEOM® monitor for ambient
air quality measurements in late 1980’s
Partisol manual samplers used in USEPA
national sampling network for PM2.5
Introduction of advanced PM speciation
sampling and continuous monitoring
systems
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R&P Website
(www.rpco.com)
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R&P Website
(www.rpco.com)
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R&P Website
(www.rpco.com)
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R&P Website
(www.rpco.com)
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R&P Contact Information
Michael B. Meyer – Director, Marketing & Technical Services / Senior Scientist
- mbmeyer@rpco.com
Tim Morphy – Product Manager (Startup Training Coordinator)
- tmorphy@rpco.com
Debbie Bowe – Service Department Manager
- dbowe@rpco.com (support@rpco.com)
Cynthia Liu – Product Manager (Chemical Speciation Samplers)
- cliu@rpco.com
Ed Burgher – Product Manager (Stationary Source)
- eburgher@rpco.com
Bob Anderson – Product Manager (Mobile Source)
- randerson@rpco.com
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