Introduction to
Foundation
Engineering
By:
Alka Shah
Civil Engineering Department
Institute of Technology
Nirma University
Hiding world of Geotechnical Engineering
Geotechnical Eng. Structures…
Buried right Under your Feet…!!
Terzaghi says:
(Father of Soil Mechanics)
Unfortunately, soils are made by nature and not by
man, and the products of nature are always complex…
Natural soil is never uniform…
Karl Terzaghi
(1883-1963)
 Teaching Scheme
Exam Weightage
Exam Hours
CE
LPW
SEE
SEE
0.40
0.20
0.40
3
Lectures/week : 3 Practical/week : 2 Credit : 4
 Syllabus
Soil Investigations: Methods of exploration, exploratory borings, sampling methods,
disturbed and undisturbed samples, penetration tests, miscellaneous methods of exploration,
record of field exploration and laboratory tests, soil investigation reports, testing in rocky
strata, plate load test.
Types of Foundation : Shallow foundation ‐ isolated footing, combined footing, strap
footing, strip footing, raft foundation, Deep foundation ‐ well foundation, pile foundation,
floating foundations; factors affecting choice of foundation, Design of Foundation : Design
of shallow foundation ‐ isolated, combined, raft foundation and deep foundation pile and
well foundation, foundation subjected to lateral loads
Bearing Capacity of Foundation: Bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations based
on shear and settlement criteria, bearing capacity in sandy and clayey strata, factors
affecting soil bearing capacity, bearing capacity from penetration tests, bearing capacity of
rock.
Consolidation of soils: Consolidation, compressibility of soils, settlement analysis, Terzaghi’s
one dimensional consolidation theory, settlement characteristics of clay & its evaluation.
Settlement of Foundation: Causes of settlement, settlement on sandy strata, clayey strata,
layered soil, factors affecting settlement, control of settlement.
Earth Pressure and Retaining Structures : Active and passive earth pressure due to cohesive
soil, noncohesive soil, submerged soil, level and inclined backfill, Rankine’s theory, Coulomb’s
theory, pressure calculations for retaining walls, design of sheet piling.
Stability of Slopes: Stability of slope in cohesive and noncohesive soils, factor of safety, methods
for analysis of stability of slopes.
Ground Improvement Techniques : Drainage, dewatering , grouting, compaction, stabilization
of soils, Lime and Cement stabilization, use of Geosynthetics, vibroflotation, sand pile, reinforced
earth structure, rock anchors etc.
Introduction to Machine foundation
Introduction to advances in Geotechnical engineering
List of Reference books
1. Coduto D.P., Foundation design; principles and practices, Pearson Publication
2. Bowles J.W., Foundation Analysis and Design, Tata Mc-Graw Hiill
3. Braja M Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering, C.B.S Publishers
4. Arora K.R., Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engg, Standard Publication
5. Murthy V.N.S., Advanced Foundation Engineering, Global Engineering
6. Gulhati S.K. and Datta M., Geotechnical Engineering, Tata Mc-Graw Hiill
7. Khan I.N., Text book of Geotechnical Engineering, PHI Learning
PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs):
I. To prepare graduates in Civil Engineering for successful careers dealing with analysis, design and
management of infrastructural projects both in India and Abroad. It must alsonhelp them to develop an
intelligent understanding of the theoretical bases of various codal provisions in design, construction and
maintenance.
II. To provide the students with a comprehensive and balanced understanding of the several branches of Civil
Engineering such as Structural Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Transportation Engineering,
Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Engineering breadth to create
novel products and solutions for the real-life problems.
III. To provide opportunities to students to work in interdisciplinary projects across the various branches of Civil
Engineering.
IV. To provide students with a sound foundation in mathematical and scientific subjects which are necessary
prerequisites for a clear and sound understanding of Civil Engineering as a whole and to encourage those
students who are motivated to go for Postgraduate programmes in the branch of their interest. Those wishing
to enter services through competitive examination should also be encouraged.
V. To create an understanding among the student body the values of life-long learning and to inculcate in them
professional ethics, moral values and social concern.
Programme Outcomes: (POs)
a) Graduates will demonstrate a sound knowledge of basic mathematics and sciences as
building blocks of the Civil Engineering discipline.
b) Graduates will demonstrate ability to conduct tests, interpret the results and report them
in a professional format.
c) Graduates will demonstrate the ability to design Civil Engineering systems following
specifications and meeting individual requirements.
d) Graduates will demonstrate their ability as productive members of interdisciplinary
design teams.
e) Graduates will have the ability to identify problems and find solutions for them in the
most cost-effective manner.
f) Graduates will display an understanding of their professional responsibilities meeting
ethical standards.
g) Graduates will be able to communicate in both verbal and written forms and make
effective presentations.
h) Graduates will have the confidence to apply engineering solutions, addressing social
concerns.
i) Graduates will be capable of self-education and clearly understand the value of life-long
learning.
j) Graduates will demonstrate an understanding of the impact of Civil Engineering of
society in enhancing the quality of life of the people.
k) Graduates will be familiar with modern Civil Engineering professional software tools and
demonstrate their ability in applying them for the solution of design situations they face.
Expected Course Learning Outcomes (CLO)
After successful completion of the course, student will be able to
1. Investigate various types of soils through exploration methods and to compute bearing
capacity
2. Identify, assess, recommend and design deep and shallow foundation
3. Calculate factor of safety for stability of slope and ground improvement techniques
Mapping of Course Learning Outcomes with Programme Outcomes
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10
CLO1
S
P
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CLO2
S
S
W
-
-
W
-
W
-
-
CLO3
P
W
W
-
W
W
-
-
-
-
S : Strong (60% - 80%), M : Moderate (40% - 60%) , P : Partial (20% - 40%)
Mapping of Course with Programme Outcomes
Course Name
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
-
-
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10
-
-
-
-
Foundation
S
S
W
W
Engineering
S : Strong (60% - 80%), P : Partial (40% - 60%) , W : Weak (20% - 40%)
 Syllabus Covered by Prof. Alka Shah
 Earth pressure
 Bearing Capacity
 Design of Foundation
 Pile Foundation
 Ground Improvement Technique
 use of Geosynthetics
 Soil Dynamics
 Geophysical methods
 Introduction to Machine foundation
 Introduction to soil structure Interaction
REVISION
 Soil index properties
 Consistency limits
 Permeability
 Compaction
 Shear strength