FEDERAL CATEGORICAL
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
Module 4
Pretreatment 101 Short Course
8/4/09
Addison, TX
Allen Gilliam
ADEQ State Pretreatment Coordinator
gilliam@adeq.state.ar.us
Categorical Pretreatment Standards
(for YOU? Just “Categorical Standards”)
• Technology-based
• CWA '307(b) and (c)
• CWA '304(m) “Plan”
Industry (IU) Categories Targeted
• 1976 EPA/NRDC agreement
• 56 categories to date
• 30 have Pretreatment Standards
• 40 CFR Parts 405-471
– just “google” 40 CFR 4?? to locate the category
• Effluent Guidelines Plan
• Effluent Guidelines Task Force
From Proposal to Codification
Code of Federal
Regulations
Proposed
Regulations
Proposed
Development
Document
Public
Comment
Promulgation
of Final
Regulations
Revisions
Final
Development
Document
53 Categoricals & Possible SIC code Correlatons
Industry Category
40 CFR Relevant SIC code(s) -‘87 SIC
Manual
Dairy products processing
405
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2026
Grain mills manufacturing
406
2041, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047
Fruits / vegetable processing
407
2033, 2034, 2035, 2037
Canned / preserved seafood
408
2091, 2092
Sugar processing
409
2061, 2062, 2063
Textile mills
410
2211, 2221, 2231, 2241, 2251, 2252, 2253,
2254, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2261, 2262, 2269
Cement manufacturing
411
3241
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
412
0211, 0213, 0214
Electroplating
413
3471, 3672
414
2821, 2823, 2824, 2865, 2869
Organic chems, plastics, synthetic fibers
Categoricals & Possible SIC code Correlatons
(cont.)
Inorganic chemicals
415
2812, 2813, 2816, 2819
Soaps and detergents manufacturing
417
2841
Fertilizer manufacturing
418
2873, 2874, 2875
Petroleum refining
419
2911
Iron and steel manufacturing
420
3312, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3479
Nonferrous metals manufacturing
421
2819, 3331, 3334, 3339, 3341
Phosphate manufacturing
422
2819, 2874
Steam electric power generation
423
4911
Ferroalloy manufacturing
424
3313
Categoricals & Possible SIC code Correlatons
(cont.)
Leather tanning / finishing
425
3111
Glass manufacturing
426
3211, 3221, 3296
Asbestos manufacturing
427
2621, 3292
Rubber manufacturing
428
2822
Timber products processing
429
2491, 2493
Pulp, paper and paperboard
430
2611, 2621, 2631
Meat products
432
2011, 2013, 2077
Metal finishing
433
groups: 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38XX
Coal mining
434
1221, 1222, 1231, 1241
Categoricals & Possible SIC code Correlatons
(cont.)
Oil and gas extraction
435
1311
Mineral mining and processing
436
1422, 1423, 1429, 1442, 1446, 1455,
1459, 1474, 1475, 1479, 1499
Pharmaceutical manufacturing
439
2833, 2834
Ore mining and dressing
440
1011, 1021, 1031, 1041, 1044, 1061,
1094, 1099
Transportation equipment
cleaning
442
4491, 4499, 4741, 7699
Paving and roofing materials
(tars and asphalt)
443
2951, 2952, 3996
Waste combustors (commercial
444
4953, 2819, 2869, 3241, 1422, 1429,
1459, 9999
Landfills
445
4953
Paint formulating
446
2851
incinerators combusting hazardous waste)
Categoricals & Possible SIC code Correlatons
(cont.)
Ink formulating
447
2893
Gum and wood chemicals
454
2861
Pesticide chemicals manufacturing,
formulation and packaging
455
2879
Explosives
457
2892
Carbon black manufacturing
458
2895
Photographic
459
7221, 7335, 7384, 7819
Hospital
460
8062, 8063, 8069
Battery manufacturing
461
3691, 3692
Plastic molding and forming
463
3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085,
3086, 3087
Categoricals & Possible SIC code Correlatons
(cont.)
Metal molding and casting
(foundries)
464
3321, 3322, 3324, 3325, 3365,
3366, 3369
Coil coating
465
3479, 3492, 3411
Porcelain enameling
466
3431, 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639,
3469, 3479
Aluminum forming
467
3353, 3354, 3355, 3357, 3363
Copper forming
468
3351, 3357, 3463
Electrical and electronic
components
469
3671, 3674, 3679
Nonferrous metals forming and
metal powders
471
3356,3357, 3363, 3497
Other Categoricals with no SIC
Correlations Found
Centralized Waste Treatment – CFR 437
Metal Products and Machinery – CFR 438
Concentrated Aquatic Animal Prod. – CFR 451
Categorical Standards:
Subparts
• Manufacturing processes employed
• Raw materials used
• Types of items produced
• Characteristics of typical wastes
generated
Categorical Standards:
Existing vs. New Source
• New source, 40 CFR 403.3(m)
– Construction date
– Total replacement
– Substantially independent
• Compliance dates
• Interpretations are “all over the board…”
Categorical Standards:
General Provisions
• Applicability
• Definitions
• Monitoring and reporting requirements
• Compliance dates for PSES
• Other
Categorical Standards:
Elements of a Subpart
• Applicability
• Specialized definitions
• Effluent limitations and standards, i.e.,
– BPT, BAT, BCT, PSES, NSPS, and PSNS
YOU only have to be concerned with PSES &
PSNS
Pretreatment Standards for Existing
Sources and New Sources:
(PSES and PSNS)
• Requires EPA to determine
– Pass through
– Pollutant by pollutant
• For removal of toxic pollutants
– PSES are analogous to BAT
– PSNS are analogous to NSPS
Industrial Categories Without PSES
or PSNS (regs are “silent”…)
(11 of ‘em)
• CFR 422 Phosphate Mfg
• CFR 432 Meat & Poultry Products
• CFR 434 Coal Mining
• CFR 436 Mineral Mining & Processing
• CFR 438 Metal Products & Machinery
• CFR 440 Ore Mining and Dressing
Industrial Categories Without PSES
or PSNS (regs are “silent”…)
• CFR 445 Landfills
• CFR 454 Gum & Wood Chemical Mfg
• CFR 457 Explosives Mfg
• CFR 459 Photographic Processing
• CFR 460 Hospitals
Industrial Categories Without
Specific PSES and/or PSNS
• 11 categories too
• For example:
– “Any existing source subject to this
subpart that introduces process
wastewater pollutants in a POTW must
comply with 40 CFR Part 403.”
CATEGORIES THAT “MUST COMPLY
WITH 40 CFR 403”
• CFR 405 Dairy Products
• CFR 406 Grain Mills (but, has a BOD5 /
TSS formula)
• CFR 407 Canned & Preserved Fruits
• CFR 408 Canned & Preserved Seafood
• CFR 409 Sugar Processing
CATEGORIES THAT SIMPLY “MUST
COMPLY WITH 40 CFR 403”
• CFR 410 Textile Mills
• CFR 411 Cement Mfg
• CFR 424 Ferroalloy Mfg
• CFR 426 Glass Mfg
• CFR 427 Asbestos Mfg
• CFR 463 Plastics Molding & Forming
CATEGORIES WITH “NO DISCHARGE
OF PROCESS WASTEWATER”
(just 4 of ‘em)
• CFR 435 Oil & Gas Extraction
• CFR 446 Paint Formulating
• CFR 447 Ink Formulating
• CFR 451 Concentrated Aquatic Animal
Production
CATEGORIES WITH SOME SORT OF
PRETREATMENT STANDARD (30 OF ‘EM)
• “Standards” could be:
–Concentration based (“easy” to apply)
–Mass based (a little more difficult to
apply but, not rocket surgery)
–Production based (closer to brain science
than mass based. YOU have to know A
LOT MORE about this type IU’s processes
including flows and production)
CATEGORIES WITH PSES and/or PSNS
• CFR 412 Confined Animal Feeding (regs
“silent” except for duck feeding ops?)
• CFR 413 Electroplating
• CFR 414 Organic Chemicals, Plastics &
Synthetic Fibers
• CFR 415 Inorganic Chems Mfg (weird….)
• CFR 417 Soap & Detergent Mfg (weird…)
• CFR 418 Fertilizer Mfg (weird…)
• CFR 419 Petroleum Refining
CATEGORIES WITH PSES and/or PSNS
• CFR 420 Iron & Steel Mfg
• CFR 421 Non-Ferrous Metals Mfg
• CFR 423 Steam Elect. Power Generating
• CFR 425 Leather Tanning
• CFR 426 Rubber Mfg
• CFR 429 Timber Products Processing
• CFR 430 Pulp, Paper & Paperboard
• CFR 433 Metal Finishing
• CFR 437 Centralized Waste Treatment
CATEGORIES WITH PSES and/or PSNS
• CFR 439 Pharmaceutical Mfg
• CFR 442 Transportation Equipment Cleaning
• CFR 443 Paving & Roofing Mtrls (Tars &
Asphalt) O&G Limits only
• CFR 444 Waste Combustors
• CFR 455 Pesticide Chems
• CFR 458 Carbon Black Mfg (O&G Limits only)
• CFR 461 Battery Mfg
CATEGORIES WITH PSES and/or PSNS
• CFR 464 Metal Molding & Casting
• CFR 465 Coil Coating
• CFR 466 Porcelain Enameling
• CFR 467 Aluminum Forming
• CFR 468 Copper Forming
• CFR 469 Electrical & Electronic
Components
• CFR 471 Non-Ferrous Metals Forming &
Metal Powders
Pretreatment Standards
• Concentration-based
– Direct approach
– Mass based approach
• Production-based
– Direct approach
– Imposition of equivalent limits
CFR 433 Metal Finish Standards - PSES
(“easy to apply”)
(mg/ l)
Daily Max
Monthly Avg
Cadmium (T)......... 0.69………………….. 0.26
Chromium (T)........ 2.77…………………. 1.71
Copper (T)............. 3.38…………………. 2.07
Lead (T)................. 0.69………………… 0.43
Nickel (T)............... 3.98………………… 2.38
Silver (T)................ 0.43………………… 0.24
Zinc (T).................. 2.61………………… 1.48
Cyanide (T)............ 1.20………………… 0.65
TTO........................ 2.13
CFR 414 Organic Chems, Plastics & Synthetic
Fibers – PSES
(a little harder to apply)
Must achieve discharges not exceeding the quantity (mass)
determined by multiplying the process wastewater flow
subject to this subpart times the concentration listed in the
following table.
(ug/l)
Daily Max
Monthly Avg
Acenaphthene........................... 47………………………… 19
Anthracene................................ 47………………………… 19
Benzene....................................134……………….……….. 57
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.... 258……………………….. 95
Carbon Tetrachloride.............. 380………………………. 142
Chlorobenzene........................ 380………………………..142
PRODUCTION BASED INDUSTRY CALCS?
(won’t even get into the Calc’s)
Aluminum Forming
Subpart A, Casting Cleaning Subcategory
kg/1,000 kkg (pounds per million pounds) of
metal poured
Daily Max
Avg Monthly
Copper (T)........ 0.0771…….……… 0.0421
Lead (T)............ 0.0791……………. 0.039
Zinc (T)............. 0.114……………… 0.0431
Wastestream Types
CFR 403.6(e)
Regulated
vs.
Nonregulated
- Unregulated or Dilute?
THE DREADED COMBINED
WASTESTREAM FORMULA (CWF)
CT = alt. conc. limit
Ci= conc. limit for reg’d stream
Fi= avg flow for reg’d stream
FD= avg flow for dilution streams
Similar CWF for Mass based alternative
Wastestream Types
CFR 403.6(e)
Regulated
Wastestream from an industrial
process that is subject to a
categorical pretreatment
standard:
“Contains Regulated Pollutants”
Wastestream Types
CFR 403.6(e)
Nonregulated
- Unregulated
Wastestream from an industrial
process that is not subject to a
categorical pretreatment
standard and is not “dilute”
“Contains Pollutants”
Wastestream Types
Nonregulated
- Dilute
Wastestream considered to have
only compatible pollutants
and/or trace levels of
regulated pollutants.
“Contains No (neglible)
Pollutants”
Types of Standards
• Daily maximum
• Long term averages
–4-day
–30-day
–Monthly
• Values with no duration
Certifications, Alternative
Monitoring, and Estimates
• Certifications
– Compounds not used/generated
– Pollutants discharge in accordance to plan
• Alternative monitoring
• Calculated estimates
Other Considerations...
• Removal credits - credit for POTW’s ability to
[40 CFR '403.7]
remove pollutant.
• Fundamentally different factors - adjust for
[40 CFR '403.13]
unanticipated impacts
of compliance.
• Net/Gross calculation - adjust for pollutants in
[40 CFR '403.15]
intake source.