Main Unit
Menu6 Menu of Preparation
 Risks in Jobs
 Discussion Sample Video
 Which Activity Is Riskier?
 Why do people take risks?
1. Risks in Jobs
Directions: Work in pairs to classify the following list
of jobs according to the risks involved in the jobs.
Some jobs have different types of risks.
Jobs
nurse, psychiatrist (精神科医生), businessman, policeman,
coalminer, lawyer, stockbroker (股 票 经 纪 人 ), president,
secretary, beggar, teacher, fighter pilot (战斗机驾驶员),
accountant (会计), interpreter, fireman (消防队员), singer,
peasant, football player, writer, cleaner, psychologist, civil
servant (公务员), tourist guide, host of a TV show, factory
worker, ambassador (大使), model, journalist, chemical
engineer, computer programmer.
Risks in Jobs
Physical risks
nurse, policeman,
coalminer,
secretary, teacher,
fighter pilot,
interpreter, fireman,
football player,
writer, cleaner,
tourist guide,
factory worker,
chemical engineer,
computer
programmer
Financial risks
businessman,
stockbroker,
accountant,
peasant,
writer,
civil servant,
tourist guide
Emotional risks
nurse, psychiatrist,
lawyer, president,
teacher, singer,
psychologist, tourist
guide, writer,
anchorperson,
ambassador, model,
journalist
Discussion Sample Video
Risks in Jobs
Click to enjoy the video clip
2. Which Activity Is Riskier?
STEP ONE
Directions: Work in groups to list the following activities
in order of riskiness.
rock climbing, working on a farm, driving a car, skydiving,
skiing, flying in an airplane, driving a motorcycle, being a
65-year-old man.
The following is a list of the activities from the riskiest to
the safest:
rock climbing →skydiving →driving a motorcycle →being
a 65-year-old man→skiing→ flying in an airplane→
driving a car→ working on a farm
STEP TWO
Directions: The following table presents the time or
effort involved in each activity to produce a 1-in-1000 risk
of death. For example, 25 hours of rock climbing
produces 1 death per 1000 climbers. So, hour for hour,
rock climbing is twice as risky as skydiving. Look at the
table carefully and check your list in Step One.
STEP TWO
Activities producing a 1-in-1000 risk of death
Activity
Time or effort involved
Rock climbing
25 hours
Skiing
340 hours
Working on a farm
22 years
Being a 65-year-old man 336 hours
Driving a car
2,000 hours
Driving a motorcycle
55 hours
Flying in an airplane
1,200 hours
Skydiving
50 hours
STEP THREE
Directions: Which of the activities in the
above table would you prefer to do?
Why?
Sample
 I prefer to do rock-climbing. I know it’s a risky
sport but I really want to challenge myself and see
how I can use my muscles and brain to do a
tough job. You may ask why I like this risky sport
while there are so many safer ones to test my
strength and determination.
 I was born in a mountain area and I’ve been
enjoying mountain climbing since my childhood. I
always feel excited while climbing a mountain,
and rock-climbing is ever more exciting. It’s true
rock-climbing is full of danger, but life itself is full
of dangers too. With modern equipment and our
brains, we can prevent serious accidents and
minor injuries won’t hurt us too much.
3. Why would people like to take risks?
Sample:
I am really impressed by these quotes.
They tell us life is full of risks. As Ali put it, he
who is not courageous enough to take risks
will accomplish nothing in life. So taking
risks is an essential part of growth and
progress. If we look at some famous people
we know, obviously they are all good risk
takers.
Sample:
In addition to making achievements, some
people take risks to enjoy a new experience
and to challenge themselves. They want to
look like a courageous guy or a strong person.
Taking risks will make them feel more
confident and competent. They also want to
enjoy the excitement in risk taking because
their lives are otherwise too peaceful and
comfortable.
Unit 6 Menu of Word Study
 Key Words Study
 Phrases and Expressions
 Vocabulary Exercises
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Menu of Key Words Study




Accordingly
Disaster
Inconvenience
Rob
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1. accordingly -1
adv. 因此，所以；按照（所说）的情形
【课本句】
The point is to inform ourselves about the
relevant risks and then act accordingly.
关键是要了解相关的危险并采取相应的行动。
【例句】
1. We must ascertain the actual conditions
and
arrange accordingly.
我们必须了解具体情况，作出相应安排。
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accordingly -2
2.The weather has changed suddenly. Accordingly,
we must alter our plans for camping.
天气突然变了，因而我们必须改变露营计划。
【记忆】
accordance n. 一致
according to
根据
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2. disaster
n. 灾难
【课本句】
By contrast, only about 300 die per year in
mine accidents and disasters.
相比之下，每年只有大约三百人死于矿山里的
事故
和灾难。
【例句】All these difficulties were caused by
natural disasters.
所有这些困难都是自然灾害造成的。
【记忆】
（1）派生词：disastrous 灾难性的
（2）同义词：catastrophe
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3. inconvenience -1
n. 不方便
【课本句】
But is the added cost and inconvenience
worth the difference in price, even
supposing you could afford it? (L. 41)
然而，就算你花得起这个钱，让你承担这笔额外
的费
用忍受坦克或装甲车所带来的不便是否值
得呢?
【常用句型】put… to inconvenience
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inconvenience -2
【例句】
1)I’m sorry for all the inconvenience I’ve
brought you.
给你带来了诸多不便，我深表歉意。
2)I’m sorry my questions have put you to
inconvenience.
很报歉我的问题使你感到不便。
【记忆】
convenience 便利 convenient 方便的
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4. rob
V. 抢劫
【课本句】
Am I likely to be robbed on vacations?(L. 9)
我度假时会不会遭抢劫？
【常用句型】 rob
【例句】
sb. of sth.
He was robbed of money on his way to
office.
在上班的路上他被抢了。
The shock robbed him of speech.
【记忆】
他震惊得说不出话来。
(1)派生词：rob → robber → robbery
(2)近义词：steal, burgle
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Phrases and Expressions
1. feed on
2. reduce to
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1. feed on -1
以······为食
【课本句】
Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like
hypochondria; in both, the fear or anxiety
feeds on partial information.(L.11)
担忧生活中有危险与疑病症有相似之处；二者的
恐 惧或忧虑皆源自于片面的信息。
【常用句型】
feed on 以······为食
be fed up (with)因多而厌烦
【例句】
Sheep feed chiefly on grass. 羊主要以草为
食。
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feed on -2
Hatred feeds on envy.
嫉妒滋生仇恨。
I am fed up with your grumbling.
我听够了你的怨言。
【记忆】同义词组：live
on
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2. reduce to
使陷入某种（更糟）的状态中
【 课 本 句 】But the fact that there are risks
associated with everything we are going to do
does not, or should not, reduce us to
trembling neurotics. (L.31)
但我们又不能，也不应该因危险存在于我们将要
做的
每件事，而变成战战兢兢的神经过敏者。
【例句】
Laziness has reduced him to a beggar.
懒惰使他沦为乞丐。
After the teacher’s scolding, the students
were reduced to silence.
老师责备过后，学生们都默不作声。
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Menu of Vocabulary Exercises
1. Decide Which Word Fits the Sentence
Best
2. Fill in the Blanks with an Appropriate
Word
3. Translation
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25
Vocabulary Exercises 1-1
1. Directions: Work in pairs to decide which of
the italicized words fits the sentence best. Use
your dictionary if necessary.
1) She listens to you, and I wish you’d give
her sensible/sensitive advice.
1)sensible
译文：她听你的话，因而我希望你能给她一些合理的建议。
解析：sensible 理智的，实用的，合理的；sensitive 敏感的，易感受的。
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Vocabulary Exercises 1-2
2) He weighed the relevant/relative
advantages of buying a house against
those of renting an apartment.
3) Roy took the back off his clock in order to
see the machine/mechanism that worked
2)relative译文：他衡量了一下买房子和租公寓的相对优势。
the alarm.
解析：relevant 相关的，重要的；relative 相对的，比较的。
3)mechanism译文：罗伊把闹钟后盖打开来研究一下闹钟响的原理。
解析：machine
理。
n.
机器；mechanism
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n.
机制，体系，原
27
Vocabulary Exercises 1-3
4) The toy requires/requests quite a bit of skill
to operate.
5) She went through the tapescript carefully,
to reduce/eliminate all the errors.
4)requires 译文：这个玩具需要有很多技巧才能操纵起来。
解析：require
v.
需要，要求；request
v.
请求。
5)eliminate 译文：她认真地审阅听力原文以消除所有错误。
解析：reduce v. 减少；eliminate v. 消除，因为后面有 all the
errors 所有的错误，因而用 reduce 搭配不当。
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Vocabulary Exercises 1-4
6) It was reported that 41 people were killed in a
plane crash/collision.
6)crash 译文：据报道，有41个人在空难中丧生。
解析：plane crash 是固定搭配，“飞机事故，空难”。collision
是指汽车相撞。
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Vocabulary Exercises 2-1
2. Directions: Fill in each of the blanks
with an appropriate word or phrase from
the box. Change the form if necessary.
character
risky
sensible
inform
rarely
end up
definitively
all manner of
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casual
30
Vocabulary Exercises 2-2
character
 We often discover that the true 1) __________
end
up
of many risks is quite different from what we
might have imagined. Too often, we 2)
________ preparing ourselves for the
impossible risk while failing to take
precautions against more likely ones. The
media, in particular, have a habit of selecting
1) 解析： 此处应填名词， the true character of many risks 意为
two or three risks every性质，特点。
season to publicize
“许多危险的真正性质”。character
while playing down others.
2) 解析：end up doing 最终做某事，以做某事而告终。本句译为：
我们经常最终为不可能发生的危险而做准备，而没能预防有可能发
生的危险。
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Vocabulary Exercises 2-3
 Newspapers
Rarelya
often scream about
cancer risk associated with this or that.
casual
3)
_______, however, do we learn the
risk level. Such a 4) _______attitude
towards the risk level certainly sells
newspapers. do we learn the risk level，因而要有否定
3) 解析：本句是倒装句
副词放在句首，本句译为：然而我们几乎无法知道风险水平。
4) 解析：修饰 attitude （态度）该用形容词 casual, “漫不经心
的”，此处译为“不确定的态度”。
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Vocabulary Exercises 2-4
risky
all manner
of
 Because virtually
everything
is 5)
______, and there are 6) ____________
inform in our daily life. But ordinary
risks
people should 7) ______ themselves not
only about what is risky, but also about
5) 解析：本句译为“事实上一切事情都是有风险的。”
what
the level of the risk is.
risky a. 危险的，有风险的。virtually adv. 事实上，实际。
6) 解析：“there are all manner of risks。” 本句译为：我们日常
生活中存在各种各样的危险。
7) 解析：should 后面加动词原形，inform sb. about sth. “通知，告
诉某人某事”。
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Vocabulary Exercises 2-5
 Because ignoring the risk level
makes
sensible
8)
________risk
management
impossible. Indeeddefinitively
my general rule is
this:
Unless
someone
can
9)
___________ tell you what level of risk
associated with a particular activity,
8) is
译文：普通人不仅应该了解到什么是有风险的，还要知道风险水平
是怎样的，因为忽视风险水平使得理智的对待风险变得不可能。
do as you wish.
9) 解析：此处应填副词， definitively 意为“确定地，决定性地”。
本句译文：“除非有人能明确地告诉你某一特殊活动的危险水平是
多少，否则就做你想做的事吧。”
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Vocabulary Exercises 3-1
3. Directions: Complete each of the following
sentence by translating the Chinese in
On the strength
brackets
intoofEnglish.
1)
(基于) those grades, he
all manner
of
won the scholarship
to Syracuse
University.
2) The market has
(各种各样)
interesting thingsfeed
foronsale.
3) Faith does not
(由……滋
生)thin air but on facts.
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Vocabulary Exercises 3-2
reduce
4) The teachertotold the girl to
an
end up
equation
(简化) to its simplest
form.
5) Keep on doing that and you’ll
(最
associated
后以……为结局) in serious trouble. with
6) The environmental problems are often
focus on
(和……有关系) nuclear
waste.
7) Today we are going to
(把重点放
在) the question of homeless people.
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Vocabulary Exercises 3-3
turned to
8) For assistance, they
(向……求
助) one of the city’s innovative museums.
participate in
9) Everyone in the class is expected to
actively
(参加)these
involved in
discussions.
10) The southern weekend identified at least
two village officials said to be
(卷入) the trade.
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Menu of Reading Comprehension




Related Information
Pre-Reading Questions
Intensive Study
Post-Reading
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38
Menu of Related Information
 Fear, Risk and Rational Suicide
 How Life Insurance Works
 Risk & Its Effect On The Price of
Life Insurance
 The Risk of Life
 Risk
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39
MenuPre-Reading
of Pre-Reading Questions:
Questions
 Directions: Discuss in pairs the following
question.
In a normal day, what are the three riskiest
things you do?
Sample:
The three riskiest things I do in a normal
day: ride my bicycle in heavy traffic; run
downstairs; do science experiments.
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Passage Study
Active Text
Notes to the Text
Difficult Sentences
Summary of the Text
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Risks and You
Para.1
Para.4
Para.7
Para.2
Para.5
Para.8
Para.3
Para.6
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Paragraph 1
 At some time or other, all of us have played the part
of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have some
terrible disease on the strength of very 1 minor
symptoms. Some people just have to hear about a
new disease and
they begin checking themselves to
2
see if they may be suffering from it. But fear of 3
disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of
disease the only risk we run. Modern life is full of all
manner of threats—to our lives, our peace of mind,
4 and our future. And from these threats
our families,
come questions that we must
5 pose to ourselves: Is
1
the food I buy safe?
Are toys for my children likely
to hurt them? Should my family avoid smoked
meats? Am I likely to be robbed on vacations? Our
uncertainties multiply
indefinitely.
43
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Paragraph 2
 Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like
hypochondria; in both, the 6fear or anxiety
feeds on partial information. But one
sharp difference exists between the two.
The hypochondriac can usually turn to a
physician
to get a definitive clarification of
7
the situation—either you have the
suspected disease or you don’t. It is much
more difficult
when anxiety about other
8
forms of risk is concerned, because with
many risks, the situation is not as simple.
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Paragraph 3
 Risks are almost always a matter of probability
rather than certainty. You may ask, “Should I
wear a seat belt?” If you’re going to have a
head-on collision, of course. But what if you
get hit from the side and end up trapped inside
the vehicle, unable to escape because of a
9
damaged seat belt mechanism? 2 So does
this mean that you should spend the 10
extra
money for an air bag?
Again, in head-on
collisions, it may well save your life. But what
if the bag accidentally inflates while you are
driving down
the highway, thus causing an
3
accident that would never have occurred
otherwise?
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Paragraph 4
 All of this is another way of saying that
nothing we do is completely safe. There
are risks, often potentially serious ones,
11
associated with every hobby we have,
every job we take, every food we eat—in
other words, with every action. But the fact
that there are risks associated with
everything we are going to do does not, or
should not, reduce 13us to trembling
neurotics. Some actions are riskier than
others. The point is to inform ourselves
about the relevant risks and then act
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46
Paragraph 5
 For example, larger cars are generally safer than
small ones in collisions. But how much safer? The
answer is that you are roughly twice as likely to
14
die in a serious crash in a small car than in a
large one. Yet larger cars generally cost more
than small ones (and also use more gas, thus
increasing the environmental risks!), so how do
we decide when the reduced risks are worth the
added costs? The ultimate risk avoider might, for
instance, buy a tank or an armored car, thus
minimizing the risk of death or injury in a collision.
But is the added cost and inconvenience worth
the difference inNewprice,
even supposing you could 47
College English II Unit 10
Paragraph 6-1
 We cannot begin to answer such questions
until we have a feel for the level of risks in
question. So how do we measure the level of a
risk? Some people seem to think that the
answer is a simple number. We know, for
instance, that about 25,000 people per year die
in automobile accidents.
By
contrast,
only
15
about 300 die per year in mine accidents and
disasters. Does that mean that riding in a car is
much riskier than mining? Not necessarily. The
fact is that some 200 million Americans
regularly ride in automobiles in the United
States every year; perhaps 700,000 are
involved in mining.
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Paragraph 6-2
 The relevant figure that we need to assess
a risk is a ratio or fraction. The numerator
of the fraction tells us how many people
were killed or harmed as the result of a
particular activity over a certain period of
time; the denominator tells us how many
people were involved in that activity during
that time. All risk levels are thus ratios or
fractions, with values between 0 (no risk)
and 1 (totally risky).
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Paragraph 7-1
 By reducing all risks to ratios or fractions of this
sort, we can begin to compare different sorts of
risks—like mining versus riding in a car. The
larger this ratio, that is, the closer it is to 1, the
riskier the activity 16
in question. In the case just
discussed, we would find the relative safety of
car travel and coal mining by dividing the
17
numbers of lives lost in each by the number of
people participating in each. Here, it is clear
that the riskiness of traveling by car is about 1
death per 10,000 passengers; with mining, the
risk level is about 4 deaths per 10,000 miners.
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Paragraph 7-2
 So although far more people are killed in
car accidents than in mining, the18 latter
turns out to be four times riskier than the
former. Those ratios enable us to compare
4
the risks of activities or situations as
different as apples and oranges. If you are
opposed to risks, you will want to choose
your activities by focusing on the smallratio exposures. If you are reckless, then
you are not likely to be afraid of higher
ratios unless they get uncomfortably large.
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Paragraph 8
 Once we understand that risk can never be
totally eliminated from any situation and
that, therefore, nothing is completely safe,
we will then see that the issue is not one of
avoiding risks altogether but rather one of
managing risks in a sensible way. Risk
management requires two things: common
sense and information about the character
and degree of the risks we may be running.
(963 words)
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Note 1
 smoked meat 熏肉
It is known that artificially smoked meats like
bacon (熏猪肉) and ham ( 火腿 ) contain
nitrates (硝酸盐) which are carcinogenic (致
癌的) substances.
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Note 2
 air bag 保险气囊(塑料制，汽车碰撞时自动充
气弹出，使车上的人不致撞伤。)
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Note 3
 But what if the bag accidentally inflates while
you are driving down the highway, thus
causing an accident that would never have
occurred
otherwise?
“What if... ” means “what would happen if... ”
 What if it rains when we can‘t get under
shelter?
Here “otherwise” means “if you had’t placed
an air bag in your car”.
整句话的意思为：但是万一正当你在沿着高速公路
行驶的时候，保险气囊突然意外充气膨胀，从而导
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致了本来绝不会发生的事故，那又该如何是好？
55
Note 4
 “compare the risks of activities or situations
as different as apples and oranges” means
“compare two totally different things that
seem to be not comparable".
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Difficult Sentence 1
 At some time or other, all of us have played
the part of a hypochondriac, imagining that
we have some terrible disease on the
strength of very minor symptoms.
【译文】说不定什么时候，我们大家都曾扮演过疑病症
患者的角色——只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑
自己得了某种可怕的病。
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Difficult Sentence 2
 Some people just have to hear about a new
disease and they begin checking
themselves to see if they may be suffering
【解析】本句中
have to 并非表示不得不的意思，而仅
from it.
仅表示一种必要性，即“只要”。
【译文】有些人只要听说了一种新病，就开始检查身体
看看自己是不是得了这种病。
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Difficult Sentence 3
 But fear of disease is not our only fear, and
neither is risk of disease the only risk we
run.
【译文】然而，对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧。同
样，患病的危险也并非我们会遇上的唯一危险。
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Difficult Sentence 4
 And from these threats come questions
that we must pose to ourselves…
【译文】由此产生的好些问题使我们不得不问自己······
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Difficult Sentence 5
 Are toys for my children likely to hurt them?
【译文】给孩子们的玩具会伤害他们吗？
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Difficult Sentence 6
 Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like
hypochondria; in both, the fear or anxiety
feeds on partial information.
【译文】担忧生活中有危险与疑病症有相似之处；二者
的恐惧或忧虑皆源自于片面的信息。
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Difficult Sentence 7
 The hypochondriac can usually turn to a
physician to get a definitive clarification of
the situation—either you have the
suspected disease or you don’t.
【译文】疑病症患者通常可以求助于医生，以便澄清疑
虑——要么你得了你所怀疑的疾病，要么你没
得。
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Difficult Sentence 8
 It is much more difficult when anxiety about
other forms of risk is concerned, because
with many risks, the situation is not as
【译文】但当涉及到其他形式的危险时，事情就要困难
simple.
得多，因为对许多危险来说，情况并不那么简
单。
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Difficult Sentence 9
 But what if you get hit from the side and
end up trapped inside the vehicle, unable
to escape because of a damaged seat belt
【译文】倘若你的车侧面被撞，又因安全带装置遭破坏
mechanism?
而无法挣脱，那该怎么办？
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Difficult Sentence 10
 Again, in head-on collisions, it may well
save your life.
【译文】同样，还是在汽车正面相撞的情况下，保险气
囊很可能会救你的命。
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Difficult Sentence 11
 There are risks, often potentially serious ones,
associated with every hobby we have, every
job we take, every food we eat—in other words,
with every action.
【解析】句子结构：本句中often potentially serious ones
是插入语，此处表补充/进一步说明。第二个逗号直
至 句 尾 是 过 去 分 词 短 语 作 定 语 ， 修 饰 risks 。
associated with带了四个宾语（平等结构，均为名
词+（that）+定语从句）。破折号后的部分为另一
插入语，其中with前省略了动词associated。
【译文】有些危险（常常可能是重大危险）与我们的每个业
余爱好、所做的每项工作、所吃的每种食物有关，
换句话说，与所进行的任何活动都有关。
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Difficult Sentence 12
 But the fact that there are risks associated
with everything we are going to do does not,
or should not, reduce us
to trembling
【解析】句子分析：本句的主语是
the fact，
之后的that
there are risks associated with everything
neurotics.
we are going to do 是定语从句，其中we are
going to do又是everything的定语从句。
【译文】但我们又不能，也不应该因危险存在于我们将
要做的每件事，而变成战战兢兢的神经过敏者。
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Difficult Sentence 13
 The point is to inform ourselves about the
relevant risks and then act accordingly.
【译文】关键在于要让自己了解有关的危险，然后见机
行事。
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Difficult Sentence 14
 The answer is that you are roughly twice as
likely to die in a serious crash in a small car
than in a large one.
【解析】句子分析：本句中自 that后直至句尾是表语从
句。
【译文】答案是这样：在一起严重的车祸中坐小车子丧
生的可能性是坐大车子的两倍左右。
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Difficult Sentence 15
 By contrast, only about 300 die per year in
mine by
accidents
and disasters.
【解析】
contrast引出一种强烈对比关系。
【译文】相比之下，每年只有大约三百人死于矿山里的
事故和灾难。
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Difficult Sentence 16
 The larger this ratio, that is, the closer it is
to 1, the riskier the activity in question.
【解析】注意本句中连续的“越······越······”。
【译文】这个比率越大,也就是说越接近1,那么有关
活动的危险性就越大。
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Difficult Sentence 17
 In the case just discussed, we would find the
relative safety of car travel and coal mining by
dividing the numbers of lives lost in each by
the number ofby
people
participating
in each.
【解析】句子分析：
dividing…
在本句中作方式状语，在
这个状语中，lost in each是lives的定语，each指
car travel 和mining。注意in case则是一个固定连
词词组，意为“（以防）万一”。
【译文】就刚才讨论的情况中，我们可以将每一活动中死亡
的人数除以参与该活动的总人数找出汽车旅行与采
煤的相对安全性。
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Difficult Sentence 18
 So although far more people are killed in
car accidents than in mining, the latter
turns out to be four times riskier than the
【译文】所以，尽管在车祸中丧生的人远比在采矿时死
former.
亡的人多，后者其实要比前者危险四倍。
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Summary of the text
 This text mainly deals with the risks in our daily
life. The author thinks that risks are almost
always a matter of probability rather than
certainty and nothing we do is completely safe.
The author makes a comparison between
hypochondria and anxiety about the risks of life.
He explains how to measure the risk level of
activities by means of ratio or fraction. At last the
conclusion he draws is that the problem is not to
avoid risks but to manage them in a sensible
way, which includes two things: common sense
and information about the character and degree
of the risks we may
be running.
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Menu of Post-Reading
 Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the
Text
2. Understanding Specific Information
3. Group Discussion
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1. The Organization of the Text 3-1
1) Directions: Work in groups to answer the
following questions based on the
information you get from Paragraphs 1—3.
A. What is the main idea of this part?
Risks are always a matter of ___________
probability rather than
certainty
_________.
B. How does the author support this main idea?
The author supports the main idea by means of a
comparison between hypochondria
____________and____________
anxiety about
_____________,
the risks of life and an analysis of injury prevention.
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The Organization of the Text 3-2
2) Directions: Work in groups to complete the
following diagram with the information you get
from Paragraphs 4—7. Some boxes have been
partly done for you.
* Risk level = number of casualties / total number of
participants
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The Organization of the Text 3-3
We
should
inform
ourselves about the
relevant risks before
______________
making any decision.
(Para.4)
Problem
How do we measure
_____
level of a risk? (Para.6)
Example 1
We need to know the relative
large cars
safety
of
__________
and
small cars before our purchase.
__________
Example 2
the
Which
activity
is
____________________
riskier, riding in a car
mining (Para.6)
or _______?
Solution
Risk levels can be expressed
in ______
ratios or _________.
fractions
(Para.6—7)
______ is four times riskier
Mining
than riding
_____________.
in a car
(Para.7)
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2. Understanding Specific Information
3-1
1) What Is Risk?
Directions: Many times an idea is best understood
when it is compared with something else. Often
authors will intentionally compare one idea with
another in order to clarify or emphasize a particular
idea or point of view. Work in groups to make
comparisons between hypochondria and anxiety
about the risks of life.
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Understanding Specific Information 32
Similarity
Difference
The hypochondriac can
Hypochondri
turn to a physician to get a
definitive clarification of
a
In both cases,
the situation.
the fear or
anxiety feeds
on
partial
Risks are a matter of
Anxiety
information.
probability
rather
than
about
the
certainty.
risks of life
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Understanding Specific Information 3-3
2) How Do We Measure the Risk Level?
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the
information from the passage.
Traveling
car
Coal mining
by
People
Total number
involved in
of deaths
the activity
The risk
level
25,000
200 million
1/10,000
300
700,000
4/10,000
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3.Group Discussion 2-1
Directions: The following pie chart indicates the
relative risks of different means of transportation
in America. Work in groups to answer the
following questions.
1) Which means of transportation is safer, airplanes
or cars?
Samples:
I think airplanes are safer because the relative
risk level of airplanes is almost ten times lower
than that of cars.
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Group Discussion 2-2
2) Why do most people fear airplane
accidents more than car accidents?
Sample:
Perhaps because airplane crashes are almost
always fatal. And it seems unsafe to fly in the
air, which causes psychological uneasiness in
people’s mind.
This is the end of Reading-Centered Activities.
Click the return button to go back to the menu.
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Home
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Unit 6 Menu of Further Development
Case Study
Sample Video:Volcano
Personal Safety
Writing
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1.Case Study
STEP ONE
Directions: Read the following description of a
real situation carefully.
Discussion Sample Video
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A Real Situation
One afternoon you go for a long walk in the
forest with your 10-year-old son and your 14-yearold nephew.The weather is pleasant but cool. The
night temperature might drop to 0℃ or lower. You
become lost.
You have no equipment or food except some
raisins (葡萄干) and chocolate bars.
How can you get help or find your way again?
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STEP TWO
Directions: Discuss the various risks involved
in each of the following possibilities. Then choose
the safest one and explain your choice.
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Choice-1
 You leave the two children and swim across a
lake where you think there might be houses.
 Possibility 1: Swimming across a lake in cold
weather is extremely dangerous. Leaving two
young children alone in the woods is unwise—
something unexpected could happen to them. And
if you drown, they might never be found.
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Choice-2
 You stay with the 10-year-old boy and send
the 14-year-old boy to explore a path you
think might lead to the main path.
 Possibility 2: Letting the 14-year-old boy go alone
to try to find the right path is very foolish. He could
fall and hurt himself or he could get lost and get
very frightened.
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Choice-3
 You decide not to move and spend the night in
the forest in the hope that someone will find
you.
 Possibility 3: Not moving and spending the night
in the forest is also risky. The temperature might
drop, you might be very cold and you still might not
be found the next day.
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Suggestion
 All three possibilities are full of risks. But, if you are
a very good swimmer and you are fairly confident
that there are houses on the other side of the lake,
then Possibility 1 would be a fairly safe choice. If
you are quite confident that people might start
looking for you in daylight, then Possibility 3 might
be a safe choice. If you huddle close together, you
will be able to keep warm. Getting sleep or rest will
help conserve your energy.
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Sample video
Volcano
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2.Personal Safety
Directions: Accidents are the major cause of
death for people between the ages of 1 and 44.
The following picture shows the number of deaths
caused by various types of accidents. Work in
groups to do the following tasks.
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The Picture
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Task-1
 Describe the figure in your own words.
 e.g. Falls account for about 15 percent of all
accidental deaths.
 Or: About 15 percent of all accidental deaths
are caused by falls.
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Task-2
 Describe the figure in your own words:
 Motor vehicle accidents account for the largest
number (59.0%) of all accidental deaths.
 Only about 2.5% of all accidental deaths are
caused by firearms.
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Task-3
 Suggest ways of preventing accidents.
 Suggested ways of preventing accidents: reduce
the speed limit; make less powerful cars; never go
swimming alone and be careful not to swim in
dangerous areas; keep poisons out of reach of
children; ban all firearms; never ride a motorcycle
without wearing a helmet and protective gear;
wear a safety belt on the highway; wear a life
jacket when swimming...
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3.Writing
Directions: Write a composition entitled “Are
Environmental Risks Worth Taking?” based on the
results of your discussion in Activity 1. Your article
should be no less than 120 words. Remember to
write neatly.
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Sample 1
Yes, environmental risks are worth taking. China
is a great nation and she must compete in the
modern world. In order to do this, she has to take
risks of all kinds. Pollution is one of the major
consequences of technological and economic
growth.
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Sample 1-2
 If stricter controls are placed on companies and if
laws are made to help limit pollution, we can
reduce the risks on the environment.
Unfortunately, installing anti-pollution devices on
chimneys and cleaning up the rivers and lakes
are very costly.
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Sample 1-3
 It is too late to turn back. The market economy has
brought many good changes that have improved
people’s lives. Progress of any kind has always
involved risks. We must be prepared to take risks
in order to move ahead. However, we must not
move blindly. We must remain vigilant with regard
to the environmental consequences of our
economic development. We must not proceed so
quickly that we put the health of the population at
risk.
(160 words)
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Sample 2
 No, environmental risks are not worth taking. Man
has already done too much damage to the planet.
We will all suffer the consequences of increased
global warming, massive pollution of rivers and
oceans, and continued destruction of forests. We
must start looking for more ways to improve the
environment rather than continuing to damage it.
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Sample 2-2
 Of course, we
all want to have a more
comfortable life. We want to be able to buy more
and more things. But at what cost? If we produce
more garbage, if we pollute the air, the land and
the great rivers, we will suffer. We will not be able
to breathe fresh air or drink clean water. Health
risks will increase and our life span will decrease.
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Sample 2-3
 The environmental risks we are taking today are
not worth taking in the long run. The short-term
gains are not worth the long-term pain and
suffering.
(165 words)
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This is the end of
Unit 6
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