DRIVING QUESTION: How to avoid soil erosion &
waste of water and energy in agricultural systems.
Available
water
Exercises
Exercises
Metadata
Keys
Water & Soil
How to save Water & Energy?
(1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10)
Generality
(1;2)
Soil
Erosion
(1;2)
Available Water in the Planet
Available water for humans corresponds to
0,08% of the total water on Earth. Over the
past 20 years, the demand of water has
increased by 60% (40% for agriculture), it is
estimated that by 2020 about 1.4 million of
people will not have enough water to live. Then,
can you save water in agriculture? Yes!
How to save water & energy:
IRRIGATION
One of the most effective ways to avoid wasting
water is to irrigate crops according to the real
needs of the plant and at the right time. A
precise assessment of the water volumes and
timing of irrigation, making more efficient use of
water, as it reduces the volume required for the
achievement of the best productions.
How to save water & energy:
IRRIGATION
The calculation of the water balance of crops is
the most accurate, inexpensive and easy way to
estimate the amount of water required to cover
the difference between the water consumed by
the crop evapotranspiration and the one that
reaches the plants with the rains, from shallow
groundwater and capillary rise in the soil.
How to save water & energy:
SOFTWARE
This method, although accurate, is laborious and
often difficult to apply, especially in periods of up
to work at a farm. For this reason the software
have been developed that show daily to farmers
when and how much to irrigate different crops.
How to save water & energy:
REUSE WATER
The reuse of water waste for irrigation is an
option that offers great benefits, especially in the
face of increasing urbanization. The urban
sewage, properly treated, can be channeled to
the agricultural areas for irrigation.
How to save water & energy:
WATER CONSERVATION
The water waste also provide nitrogen to crops
also, of the phosphorus and potassium needed
for agricultural production. The reuse of
wastewater limits the sampling of surface water
and groundwater, reduces the impact of
discharges on rivers and promotes water
conservation.
How to save water & energy:
DRIP IRRIGATION
Drip irrigation is one of the most efficient and
sustainable irrigation methods because it allows
you to direct the water where it is needed, ie at
the base of the plant, near the roots. It ‘s the
most efficient system of common systems in rain
water that spread over the entire field, even
where it is not needed, resulting in waste of
water resources.
Pic 1 drip irrigation
How to save water & energy:
RESULTS
Where drip irrigation has been introduced,
there was a reduction in the consumption
of water between 30% & 60%. We can save
electric energy between 10% & 15%;
mechanic energy between 45% & 60%. We
can’t save money, this methods are more
expensive than convenctional method.
How to save water & energy:
CHANGE
The transition from a method characterized by
high losses to one capable of determining the
maximum efficiency of use is, therefore, a
strategy indispensable for water & energy-saving
in agriculture.
How to save water & energy:
THE PROBLEM
THE PROBLEM: the combination of an irrigation
system to the characteristics of the crop and the
soil is not random but never, in fact, no irrigation
system is perfectly suited to all situations, but
each of them requires special attention in order
to identify the optimal irrigation system.
How to save water & energy:
A REAL EXPERIENCE
As I have observed in the farm of my school, not
all crops are, for example, usefully irrigated by
sprinkling, and for many others using drip
irrigation is too complicated and expensive.
This system should be used in the right way,
taking all possible precautions to get its best
efficiency.
Pic 2 SOIL
THE SOIL: General features
The soil is formed by three principal
components: sand, silt and clay. Based on the
prevalence of one of these, soils is: clay, silty or
sandy. The soil has an internal cavity:
micropores (containing water) and macropores
(containing air), a proper balance between
micro-and macro-pores is critical to have a good
soil structure. In the soil are also chemical
elements nitrogen, potassium, iron ...
THE SOIL: Generality
Respect of the soil is essential for obtaining a
good and fertility in a good productivity. Purpose
of agriculture is to maintain or increase the
potential of the land to make it productive to the
maximum.
Pic 3 SOIL
Soil Erosion:THE PROBLEM
THE PROBLEM: a very important problem on
the ground is water erosion. This can be caused
by heavy rains, strong winds, uprooting plants
from the same plot, bad workmanship, faulty or
absent natural drainage and poorly constructed
artificial drainage.
Pic 4 SOIL EROSION
Soil Erosion:THE SOLUTION
THE SOLUTION: Paying attention to all of these
cases, the solution is elementary and immediate:
a good upkeep certainly avoids the problem of
soil erosion, even when nature wants to do some
annoyance!
Pic 5 DRAINAGE
Exercises
How much the available water in the Heart?
The solution for soil erosion.
Who are the compouns of soil?
What is the effectiver method to save water in
agricoltural system?
Exercises Keys
The available water in the Earth is 0.08% of total
water of the Planet.
Good upkeep, is the best solution to avoid soil
erosion.
Drip irragation is a good method.
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION
Luca Foresi – Class 4°B – Water & Soil – A.S. 2013/2014 – I.I.S “G.Garibaldi”
GENERALI:
Titolo: WWD 2014 & Soil
Autore: Luca F.
Classe : 4°b
Anno:2013-2014
Formato: PPT
TECNICHE
Dimensione: 4.46 KB
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EDUCATIVE
Tipo: Progetto
Lingua: Inglese generale / microlingua
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Livello di interazione: Medio
Ricchezza semantica: Medio-Alta
Destinatari (tipo ed età): Studenti 1617 anni
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