Pest Control in Strawberry with
IRF135, Pic and Metham K
Steve Fennimore, Extension Specialist
U.C. Davis, at Salinas, CA
UCCE Ventura April 23, 2015
Collaborators

Tom Miller

Krishna Subbarao

Nathan Dorn, Reiter
Affiliated Cos.

Ian Greene, Ramco
Norcal

Rachael Goodhue

Oleg Daugovish

Jenny Broome, DSA

Frank Martin

Mike Stangellini, TriCal

Jim Gerik

Husein Ajwa

Cheryl Wilen
Financial support
 USDA
NIFA Methyl Bromide Transitions
 2013 -51102-21524
 California
Strawberry Commission
 Support from Reiter Affiliated Companies,
Driscoll’s, NorCal Ramco, AMVAC, Isagro
 A special thanks to TriCal Inc. & Ajwa Inc. for
fumigant application
 Thanks to growers Jose Garcia & Miguel
Ramos
3
Introduction
 Dominus–
product description
 Dominus alone and tank mixes – product
description & trial results
 Metam K (K-Pam) tank mixes - trial results
 Summary
Dominus = IRF135 = AITC
Product Overview (from Isagro)
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Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) is a synthetically produced biopesticide
with its origins in a naturally occurring plant defense chemical from
the plant family, brassicaceae
Testing since 2009 – University, USDA, Contract, and Grower
Demo’s
Broad-spectrum activity
– Efficacy against
» Weeds, nematodes, soil fungi and insects
– Classified by US EPA and CA DPR as a Fumigant
» Vapor pressure + Bp + Henry’s Constant = “Passive Fumigant”
» AITC is a naturally occurring plant defense compound provided by
ISAGRO USA in a consistent synthetic formulation
Dominus
Physical/Chemical Characteristics of AITC
– Flashpoint is 117°F (47°C)
– Boiling point is 304°F (151°C)
– Vapors are 3.4 times heavier than air
– Does not make its own pressure (The only
pressure in the cylinders is nitrogen
pressure)
Dominus Details – (from Isagro)
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All crops labelled (not yet in California)
Entry restricted period = 5 days
Acres allowed per day = unlimited
Tarp cutting / puncture = 5 days
Aeration = 2 – 24 hrs
Planting interval = 10 days after application
Buffer zone distance 0-25’ all rates, application methods
and acres applied
FMP’s = not required
Biopesticide status
Not yet registered in California
US EPA Label Comparison
Product
All
Buffer Applic. Restricted
Crop Zone Uses
Use
Pesticide
DOMINUS YES 0 –25’ FF,
RBS,
RBD
Standard- NO
CP, MB,
1,3-D
25 –
300+’
FF,
RBS,
RBD
FF = Flat Fume/Broadcast;
RBD = Raised Bed Drip
Restricted Film Acres Applic
FMP
Entry
Type per
Per year
Interval
Day
NO
5 DAYS
ALL
NO
LIMIT
YES
5 DAYS
VIF,
TIF
40
RBS = Raised Bed Shank
>1
NO
1
YES
Strawberry Trial Schedule
 Lab
Lab weed dose response Jan. 2014
 Strawberry
field
Salinas October 2013
Salinas October 2014 (2 trials)
Watsonville October 2012, 2013, 2014
Weed Viability - Lab
 Dominus
dose response study
Annual bluegrass
Sweet clover
Pigweed
Sowthistle
Yellow nutsedge
 Dominus
(IRF135) doses of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100,
150, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 2500 PPM
 Propagules were exposed 24 h, 50 seed per
replicate, 4 replicates per treatment, January
21, 2014
Weed Viability - Lab
Bluegrass Yellow
Sowthistle nutsedge
0
10
100
Pigweed
Clover
1,000 lbs
Dominus (IRF135) evaluation in strawberry
 Treatments
2012-13
Control
Pic Clor 60 350 lb/A
IRF135 170 lb/A
IRF135 225 lbs/A
IRF135 340 lbs/A
4
replicates per treatment, Oct. 25, 2012
 Weed seed bioassay, local field weeds
Nutsedge viability – IRF135
Viable %
Nutsedge
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
A
Control
C
AB
Pic Clor 60
IRF135 170
BC
IRF135 225
C
IRF135 340
Ramos 2012-13
Chickweed viability – IRF135
Viable %
Chickweed
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A
Control
C
Pic Clor 60
B
IRF135 170
C
IRF135 225
C
IRF135 340
Ramos 2012-13
Purslane viability – IRF135
Viable %
Purslane
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A
Control
B
Pic Clor 60
B
IRF135 170
B
IRF135 225
B
IRF135 340
Ramos 2012-13
Field Weed Control – IRF135
Weed densities
30000
A
B
B
B
B
IRF135 225
IRF135 340
Number /A
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Control
Pic Clor 60
IRF135 170
Ramos 2012-13
Yield (g/plant)
Early Season Yield from Clear Plastic at
Watsonville, CA *
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
UTC
* Standard PE Film
PicClor 60
350 lbs/ac
IRF-35
170 lbs/ac
Treatment
IRF-35
225 lbs/ac
IRF-35
340 lbs/ac
Late season collapse, Watsonville, CA - 2013
UTC
PicClor-60
350 lbs/ac
Dominus
360 lbs/ac
Dominus
225 lbs/ac
Dominus (IRF135) evaluation in strawberry
 Treatments
2013-14
Control
Pic Clor 60 350 lb/A
IRF135 340 lb/A
IRF + Pic 180 + 90 lbs/A (67:33)
IRF + Pic 240 + 120 lbs/A (67:33)
4
replicates per treatment, Nov 11, 2013
 Weed seed bioassay, local weeds
Nutsedge viability – IRF135
Viable %
Nutsedge
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A
Control
C
Pic Clor 60
BC
IRF135
B
C
IRF135.Pic.lo IRF135.Pic.hi
Ramos 2013-14
Weed densities– IRF135
Number 1000/A
Weeds 1000/A
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
A
Control
B
Pic Clor 60
B
IRF135
B
B
IRF135.Pic.lo IRF135.Pic.hi
Ramos 2013-14
Watsonville, 2014
160 lbs Dominus
+
80 lbs chloropicrin
240 lbs Dominus
+
120 lbs chloropicrin
Untreated
control
Dominus (IRF135) K-Pam evaluation in
strawberry
 Treatments
2014-15 – Drip applied
Control
K-Pam 31 & 62 GPA
Dominus 20 & 40 GPA
Pic Clor 60 20 GPA
Pic Clor 60 fb K-Pam 20 fb 31 GPA
Pic Clor 60 fb Dominus 20 fb 20 GPA
K-Pam fb Dominus 31 fb 20 GPA
4
replicates per treatment, Oct 11 & 15, 2014
 Weed seed bioassay, local weeds,
nematodes, pythium, verticillium
Pythium Control - bioassays
No. Spores/gram soil
Pythium parts per gram of soil
1400
1200
1000
800
600
9 in
18 in
400
200
0
Control KP 31 KP 62 Dm 20 Dm 40
PC
PC
KP
20/KP 20/Dm 31/Dm
31
20
20
Frank Martin 2015
0.3
0.9
0.8
0.25
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.15
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.05
0.1
0
0
Average of weeds [cnt] /sqft
Average of biomass [g] /sqft
Weeds per sqft and biomass per sqft
g biomass per sqft
counts per sqft
0.2
2500
Citrus Nematode / 50cc soil
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Dominus @ 20 Dominus @ 40
KP31 fb
Dom20
K-Pam @ 31
9"
K-Pam @ 62
Pic20 fb
Dom20
Pic20 fb KP31
18"
Survival of Citrus Nematodes in 9” and 18”
UTC
No.germinated seeds
Average of % Burning Nettle
Average of % Purslane
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Average of % Knotweed
Average of % Yellow Nutsedge
Germination of selected weed seed samples
40
35
Perimter in inches
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Dom 20
Dom 40
K-P31/Dom20
K-Pam 31
Average of South
K-Pam 62
Pic20/Dom20
Average of North
Plant Perimeters (March 2015)
Pic20/K-P31
Untreated
Summary
Dominus (IRF-135)
 No
phytotoxicity or plant injury was
observed when planting 10 days after
fumigation.
 360
lbs/ac of Dominus/Chloropicrin (67/33)
is required to produce the highest
strawberry yields in heavily-infested soils.
 Weed
control with Dominus, Dominus+Pic
good if rate >350 lbs/A
Summary
Dominus (IRF-135) part 2
 Dominus
controls citrus nematode
 Dominus
missed some Pythium
 Dominus
does appear to have good
nutsedge activity at high rates