Pearl Antonette R. Jao
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Philippines
License.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement …………………………………...…... 1
Preface …………………………………...…...................... 2
Introduction ………………………………………………... 3
Education …………………………………………………... 4-11
Poverty ……………………………………………………… 12-18
Safety and Security …………..……………………………19-23
Corruption ………………………………………………….. 24-30
Do you have Ethics? ……………………………………… 31-69
Cybercrime and Data Privacy Section ………………… 70-85
Ideas to solve problems …………………………………. 86-91
Conclusion …………………………………………………. 92
References ……………………………………………….…. 93-94
Appendices …………………………………………………. 95-130
About the Author …………………………………………... 131
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to the many people who inspired me to do this book.
To my family, relatives, friends, school, professors and God that gave me strength,
motivation and tremendous support and help.
Also I would like to thank my references or sources for allowing me to use their research
and works to make this book successful. To my Professor Mr. Paul Pajo for enlighten me
in creating this novel.
Lastly I am so sorry for all people that I have failed to mention. I gave a lot of efforts in
this project. Still, this would not be possible without the kind support and help of many
individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
This novel is for the Filipino people all around the World that want a change in our
county Philippines.
The contents in this book are facts, my opinions and observations here in our country.
Live Jesus in our hearts, Forever!
PREFACE
Yo Filipino book is compilation of 4 problems here in Philippines. Each
problem has short description, examples, experiences, opinions and laws
to understand it more by the readers.
Also it tackles the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 and Data privacy
Act. So that the readers can have additional knowledge and idea about the
most controversial Act of 2012.
Furthermore, I also included the ethics, so that we know if what we are
doing is ethical or not and included examples and stories about being
ethical.
This is a compilation of problems, solutions to the problems, laws and
being morally good.
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INTRODUCTION
Republic of the Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands with a total land
area, including inland bodies of water, of approximately 300,000 square
kilometers (120,000 sq mi). Its 36,289 kilometers (22,549 mi) of coastline makes
it the country with the 5th longest coastline in the world. It is located between
116° 40', and 126° 34' E. longitude and 4° 40' and 21° 10' N. latitude and is
bordered by the Philippine Sea to the east, the South China Sea to the west, and
the Celebes Sea to the south. The island of Borneo is located a few hundred
kilometers southwest and Taiwan is located directly to the north. The Moluccas
and Sulawesi are located to the south-southwest and Palau is located to the east
of the islands.
With almost 95 Million people, 30% of it is poor.
Every country has a problem but I believe all the problems in a country it is here
in the Philippines.
Some of the major problems here are:
1. Education
2. Poverty
3. Safety & Security
4. Corruption
Philippines have a lot of major problems but I only classified 4 of it so that easier
for me to explain because I have a knowledge or experience on it and included it
here also in this book Yo Filipino! is compilation of stories, experiences, opinions,
information and laws to further explain, discuss and elaborate those problems.
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Education in Philippines
The education system in the Philippines was patterned from the educational system of
Spain and the United States. However, after the liberation of the Philippines in 1946, the
system has changed completely.
There are 2 kinds of school in Philippines the Public and Private. Government governs
Public Schools while the Private Schools govern by natural persons or artificial person.
Most of the poor schools are public schools because the budget for education is
insufficient.
STATISTICS ABOUT PHILIPPINE EDUCATION:
Record as of 2011
25.7 million – Number of students in elementary and high school
22.05 million – Students in public school
3.65 million – Students in private schools
15.47 million – Total number of students in elementary (private and public)
7.73 million – Total number of students in high school (private and public)
283,000 – Total number of young people attending via alternative learning systems
(ALS)
1.93 million -- Children enrolled in the 'universal' kindergarten program
P207.3 billion – 2011 budget for education, the biggest ever set for the country’s basic
education, and 18.5% higher than the previous year.
2.6% -- Percentage of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) that is put in basic
education.
7% -- Global budget standard set for basic education coming from a country’s GDP.
94% -- Male literacy rate from 15 to 24 years old (as of 2008)
96% -- Female literacy rate from 15 to 24 years old (as of 2008)
9% of Filipinos never experience schooling
19% will be able to study in College
8% will have college degree or higher
For every college graduate there are no precise job offers.
For every 1000 entrants in Grade 1
439 will graduate from Grade 6 in 6 years
249 will graduate from Grade 6 in 9.6 years
312 will not graduate from Grade 6
For every 1000 entrants in Grade 1, only 395 will finish High School
162 will finish Basic Education in 10 years
233 will finish Basic Education in 16 years
605 will not graduate from Basic Education
25% of children drop out from Grades 1 to 2
And only 7% will have at least 75% in English, Math and Science
121 Million Filipinos cannot go to school
LAW
There are a lot of laws or acts that protects the Right to Education of the Filipino people.
Two (2) of it is: The Constitution of the Philippines (Education) and Education Act of
1982.
Explanation: The Constitution of the Philippines (Education). This is about the
protection and promoting the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and
shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. How the education
be available to all for free and have a right to exercise the right of education of students
but also the right of student’s parents and teachers to continue upholding the education.
Also it is included here the administrators that will manage the education here in
Philippines.
Explanation: The Education Act od 1982This act is for the students or pupils to have
the best education that they can have. And the students have the right to choose to their
field to study and right to join organizations, manager personal information or records, to
express their ideas, opinions and suggestions freely.
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EXPERIENCE
I only knew that Education is one of the major problem here in Philippines
is when I watched documentary about education. But do I care? I am studying; I
never experienced a deficiency in education. When I start studying in Manila and
every day I saw children begging with their families during class hour and living
beside the road. A question comes to my mind, are they not studying? And yes,
they are not studying. I have 3 experiences that will prove that there are
problems with education.
The first experience is when I was in Bicol and Bohol. Bicol is in Luzon it is
where my mom grew up. During our family reunion the venue is in the
Elementary school of my mom and her siblings. The area is vast there are a lot of
plants, most of the school buildings are one story and you can see that it was
constructed for a very long time, the roof is full of rust, the windows are broken,
the doors are in half already, the body of the building seems that it will collapsed
anytime soon. But it is just outside there is more inside. The chairs are broken,
lost one foot, or more, rusty, and already half, the scenario is the same in tables
and black boards, some classroom have less or none tables, chairs and
blackboards, if they have it is lack or broken. The Rest Rooms are insufficient,
no wall, no floor, no water, no toilet bowl and it have everything or it is a complete
rest room students cannot use it because it just for teachers. Although I
observed one thing that all building has, that is the name of a politician who gave
budget to construct it.
My mom told me that all buildings that are still existing during our family
reunion is the building that they have during her elementary years so it is been
35 years already and I guess never been renovated.
The worst school I saw is when I am in Bohol my dad’s province; it is in
Visayas and one of the most tourist destinations in Philippines. Almost all my
cousins in Bohol are studying in Public school, they brought us me and my
siblings to their school, their school is the worst school I ever seen, the buildings
are not done yet, no walls, no roofs just floor they are studying there sometimes
under the tree.
Also it is where my dad studied, but according to him before it is a real
school, there are walls, roofs, everything that your need to see in a normal
schools but because of natural calamities like typhoons the building collapse that
if ever it is constructed it not fully finished and sometimes never really started
constructing.
My second experience is when our school hosted a Christmas party for
out of school youth. Me and my friends Larizza and Rose were late because we
had class. After our class we went straight to the venue of the Christmas party,
as usual we do not know what is happening. We sited next to three (3) boys
because they do not have any volunteers assisting them, we are observing them
we saw that they have burden spot in their hand, and their whole body is dirty
and a lot of wounds, they also seemed small for age. There was an activity, the
activity is creating a star, the instructions in this activity are not simple and I
argued a lot from the boys especially to Jeffrey. While doing the activity I started
asking about their personal life, all of them are not studying because they do not
have money and cannot even finish Elementary level and we observe that they
do not know basic colors or names of coloring materials and they cannot read
well. Maybe they stopped studying for many years already. Besides they said
that they are just roaming around their relatives in Manila. The wound in their
hand is a sign that they are members of fraternity, their age range from 14-16
years old only.
My last experience is during our National Service Training Program
(NSTP) class, in order for us to pass the subject we need to be with the poorest
children for 12 Saturdays or for 36hours. Our destination is in Tondo, Manila one
of the poorest place in Manila and full of crimes, it where the most expert came
from. I was nervous and excited when the organizers from Tondo oriented us.
They taught what we need to do and what we should not do while we are there,
our safety, transportation and the things that we will encounter. Our goal is to
teach the children about the subjects that they have in school like Math, English,
Filipino and Science. We chose the age of 8-12 children as our perspective
students because it is easier to handle, they are old enough and know what is
right and wrong so there are less time for us to search in order to find them.
Our first day was shocking, I know that the place is not where I am used
to, but oh my, I thought the venue will be in gym, Barangay hall or somewhere
that is decent enough to conduct teaching. But then our venue is beside the
Manila River, there are boats sometime ships travelling or stack, the odor is the
worst odor that I ever experience combination of human odor, food odor, water
pollution and waste pollution. It is the places that the people have houses in the
sidewalk that is beside the river, some houses our in river.
So we started introducing ourselves to our students that are 8-12 years
old, we chose them because they are old enough and we do not need to baby sit
them, Anyways, the children 1-5 years old there are wild, they shout bad words,
and other harm words that young children must not know and they always fight
8 YO FILIPINO
with each other because of the most simplest things like chair. Hence, our
students are cooperative they suggest ideas that make us productive.
During our sessions in teaching our black board is in half sometimes we
just used boxes us our black boards, our chairs are made from junk woods
sometime one chair is for 2 to 3 students. Our protection to the sun light and rain
is just plastic, during rain we are always wet because the plastic roof cannot
handle too much rain and it broke. One small table shared by 10 students seeing
that is heartbreaking and most of the time they are arguing because of the little
table space every time we had an paper activity there were struggling of children.
But the students are eager to learn, even they just woke up not eaten yet they
will attend our class and although some of their parents do not allow them
anymore to attend our class they still attend it because of one reason they dream
that one day they will have a better life, that education is the only to make their
life better and to rise from poverty.
My three experiences prove that the poor quality of education and the problems
of education here in Philippines are epidemic. And every time there was typhoon
more schools are destroyed and more schools and school supplies are needed.
The education should increase but the budget today is insufficient in order to
increase the quality of education budget is not enough but also put perseverance
and persistent. I know one day we will rise from that epidemic and will solve this
problem or even lessens it and it will be ASAP (As Soon As Possible). Lastly I
believe that education is the solution to the country’s thorough problem if the
Filipinos are just educated enough their no more ignorant and everyone knows
what is right and wrong. Education is the key to success so the government must
resolve this and have a long run plan to fully improve this problem.
STORIES
Aling Tess and Mang Wilbert
Aling Tess and Manong Wilbert have 9 children. Aling Tess is a housewife and
Manong Wilbert is into gambling job. Their 9 children need to walk 15Km to
school, they do not have any food or money and most of the time they did not
even ate breakfast. Their bags, uniforms and shoes are already ruined at times
they do not have a proper uniform and shoes. Their school handles 3 Barangays
so it is very crowded, 50-90 students per classroom, 1 teacher, 1 book for 2
students, and 1 chair for 2 students. The older child will stop studying and start
working to help the needs of their family. As time goes by more of their children
stop studying because they know that the education is not the key to make their
life better, and started working and having a family until one day no one of
children even finished studying.
Totoy
Totoy is the eldest from the 7 children of Julio and Beth, Julio died when he was
37 years old because of lung cancer when he is still alive he is a fisherman, Beth
continues his husband job she became a fisherwoman to rise their 7 children.
Juan is honor student since he started going to school until he finish a college
degree became a nurse he is a college scholar, he was apply to be a nurse in
Dubai but he was not accepted because during the practical test he did not finish
it and do not know what to do on the given duty. Even he became a registered
nurse he did not qualify to practice his profession.
Marcus
Marcus finished a college degree which is Chemical Engineer, he took the
licensure exam for 3 times already and the last time that he took the licensure
exam for the forth time he still did not pass, because some of the questions on
the exam are not part of his college study.
Danny
Danny is a grade 5 student already but until now he still cannot read well,
because his teachers cannot teach him well in a class there are 60 students and
in one room there are two class so 120 students per one room. It is hard for
Danny to be focus on the reading lessons and even he tried to practice reading
there are times that he cannot still read words.
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Botolan, Zambales
In Botolan, Zambales it is where the Aetas (Indigenous group) live. They do not
have classrooms or schools and their only teacher is their co-Aeta that finished
college degree. They are having their class on open area, under the tree, in any
land they do not have school materials like blackboards, chalks, notebooks, book
etc.
OPINION
For me in order to increase the quality of Education here in Philippines the
government should do 4 things:
1. Increase the budget of education and do not stole it or use the budget for
personal interest. For short do not corrupt it.
2. Use the budget for the salary and benefits of teachers. For one of the
reasons why the quality of education is low is because the salary and
benefits of teachers are too small or do not have any. And the teachers
get the teaching materials from their own money. There are fewer
teachers because they know that profession would not make a living.
Besides, some teachers are not prepared and trained enough, so give
seminar or additional knowledge materials that will increase their
knowledge and enhance their skills.
3. Use the budget to build schools, a real school that is equip with
educational materials and facilities that will be used by the students to
increase their skills and give knowledge to them. And it have basic
educational materials like black boards, chairs, tables, restrooms and
classrooms so that there is no need for sharing so that it will be easier for
them to learn because there are less destruction.
4. Show or be a good example to the students. All people especially the
government must always be a good image so that the students will be
inspired, will not do an act or crime that is against the law or a person and
for them to be a better person and feel that their dreams may came true
because there is a government that will always be there for them.
There are a lot of law and acts that protects the Right to Education of Filipinos
but still I do not know why it is still one of the major problems here in our country.
I do not know if the problem is into the Parents, students, school administrators,
teachers, school or government or all of them have a problem?
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2
POVERTY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Poverty remains the most major problem that needs to be resolved and
the major challenge to success of future generations of the Filipinos. Also it is the
most severe and most widespread in Philippines and almost 80 per cent of the
country’s poor people live there.
Poverty in Philippines and in other country is a very serious problem. The
proportion of households living below the official poverty line has declined slowly
and unevenly in the past four decades, and poverty reduction has been much
slower than in neighboring countries such as the People's Republic of China,
Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. We can prevent or totally stop poverty if we
start caring to one another.
The poorest of the poor are the indigenous peoples, small-scale farmers
who cultivate land received through agrarian reform, landless workers, fishers,
people in upland areas and women.
Philippines' poverty line marks individuals earning less than 16,841 Peso a
year. And 44% of the population survives on less that $2 US per day or about
$600 per year. Approximately 33% of the population lives below this poverty line.
In addition, despite advances in sanitation, nearly 20% of the population still does
not have access to clean and safe drinking water. Approximately the same
number of people does not have electricity. Amazingly, there is still a vast
number (>14%) who do not have the “luxury” of a sanitary toilet.
LAW
The REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8425 or Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act,
this act is to empowered to meet its minimum basic needs of health, food and
nutrition, water and environmental sanitation, income security, shelter and decent
housing, peace and order, education and functional literacy, participation in
governance, and family care and psycho-social integrity. Also in this act was
named and discussed the authorities that have power to manage and to resolve
the problems in poverty and the programs of the government to lessen the
poverty or totally stop it.
EXPERIENCE
Every day I saw poverty, going to school and going back home. On my
way to school children or old people are in road begging or selling candies or
rugs. There are families living beside the road or under the road.
I saw poverty when I am in Taft, many beggars children, young, old are
begging for food and money it seems that begging is their livelihood, sometimes
they will say the amount that they want or when you are eating while walking or
you are walking and you have food on your hands they will just grab it then you
do not have a choice but to give it to them.
When my sister was confined in a private hospital, the hospital have a
charity it is where the people that do not have money or cannot afford medical
health services goes and stays when they need medical attention. It is located at
the back of the hospital it is a small open building rooms ventilation is just electric
fan and you are with less than 15 people in one room. The building is clean but it
is scary because you can see the people inside from outside, the hospital have
Medical School my mom said that the students from that school handles the
patients in charity for short the charity is for the students to study and my friend
confirmed it she is studying in that school she told me that when they are first
year and second year college they have duty in the charity. The charity is the
cheapest accommodation on the hospital, the rooms and doctor fee is free and
other fee like miscellaneous, patients only pays the medicines that they need or
to be use on them. Also I saw old women outside the waiting area she stay there
for a long time because she have many bags and other stuffs like galloon of
water on her side she sleeps on the chairs, she makes the chairs of guards as
her bed because I am curious I asked the guard who is the old lady and what is
she doing in the hospital, the guard said that she is the head maid of them owner
of the hospital she is undergoing dialysis.
During our National Service Training Program (NSTP), the children are
messy, tiny for their age, they live under the bridge or beside the building there I
met Jaco he is not part of our NSTP class then one day he just shown up the
other children told him to leave because he is not part of the class I was
observing all the happenings and Jaco when I saw him I know there is something
on him that he is special child or need special attention, I thought he is just 5-7
years old, he is small his body is compact he really have muscles and the back
on his back is not normal so I asked the kids who he is, where he came from,
why his body is like that and other information while Jaco is with younger kids,
the children said that he is crazy and abnormal he sells onion in Divisoria Market
that is why his back is like that and he has muscles, he is already 10 years old,
Then I talked to him I observed that he is really special, he has speech problem,
he is having a hard time speaking and saying words, he does not know the
1 YO FILIPINO
4
shapes, colors, how to read, write and count. He never attends school because
his parents do not have any budget for his education.
When you are poor you will do anything bad or good just to have food or
have necessities, you do not have a right to complain you need to wait for too
long to have their attention you need to do many things so that you can have
your want or need, you would not experience or exercise your basic rights it is
like you are buying your rights and the whole world so that they can accept you.
Seeing poverty everyday and doing nothing to it is normal it been part of our
everyday life, if we start caring to each other there will be no poverty.
STORIES
De Dios
The De Dios family live in Payatas, Quezon City: Payatas is the largest garbage
location in the Philippines, all kind of garbage is there and many families live
there and their livelihood is on garbage. Their house is created from garbage,
small parts of woods and plastics the roof of their house have tires so that every
rainy seasons the roof would not fly. The head of the family is Alex he is 23 years
old, his work is scavenger. His wife is Mariel 21 years old she is a house wife
only they already have 3 children: Edward is 4 years old, Erica is 1 year old and
Eddie 4 months old. Alex gets Php70.00-120.00 only from his work, as a
scavenger that is not enough to support his family needs like food, milk, water
and other needs. His eldest child Edward started studying last school year, his
uniform was donated and his shoes and other school materials are broken also
he does not have pack food or money. Erica the second child have pneumonia
but never been in the hospital every time her pneumonia attacks her parents just
send her to the Barangay Center because her parents do not have money to
send her to hospital. Eddie the youngest, his milk is water from cooking rice. All
of them are malnourish. Alex and Mariel is asking help from the government or
anyone that have a golden heart to lessen the hardest of their life and to help
their children have a better life.
Tricia
Tricia, 18 years old came from the Maguindanao she went here in Manila to have
a job as a maid, she is the eldest from 6 sibling of Mang Kanor and Aling Teresa,
she finished her High School with honors, she wants to finish college and be a
teacher but her parents do not have money to send her to college. Mang Kanor is
a farmer and Aling Teresa is a housewife. Her five siblings are: Alfredo 17 years
old, Bryan 13 years old, Krys 8 years old and Leo 5 years old. Tricia accepted
the job in Manila so that she can help her family and to send her brother Alfredo
to college. She is hoping that her job will change her family life and that will be
the way to have a better life and to continue her college degree.
Manasala Children
Manansala Children are Jay 10, Riza 7 and Kara 5 they are the children of Fred
26 years old, Pedicab driver and Lori 32 years old, housewife. The Manansala
children goes to school they walk 2 miles from their house to school, after their
school on the way to their home they get bottles, boxes, plastics and other
materials on garbage can that can be sold to Junk Shop so that they will have
allowance to school and food during that day and next day, Their dad daily wage
is Php100-150 only that is why his dad cannot afford or provide all the basic
needs and wants of their family, the Manansala children needs to work in order to
continue their education and help their family.
Sarge
Sarge is a carpenter he is 30 years old his wife is Ana 34 years old housewife,
she had another husband before Sarge, on her first husband she had 4 children:
Mark 20 years old, John 19 years old, Anne 17 years old and Ryan 16 years old,
all of her children finished High School and all of them do not have a job. Ana
and Sarge have 3 children: Emma 9 years old, Gina 7 years old and Sonny 4
years old. Ana and Sarge have a total of 7 children already. Sarge daily wage is
Php300.00 that wage is not enough to raise 7 children that is why sometime they
do not have food or they eat once a day, no electricity or water, his younger
children sometimes goes to school with money, food, food on their stomach they
always goes to school hungry.
Remy
Remy is 70 years old already his husband died from heart attack when she is 53
years old, they have 3 children: Rebecca 29 years old maid have 2 children
separated from the father of her children, Eton 26 years old do not have job his
wife is in Saudi Arabia Domestic Helper they have 1 child, Rose 24 years old
single maid. Rebecca’s children is with Remy Rebecca send money Php2,
000.00 every month for the expenses of her children, Rebecca owns a 1 hectare
land it also help her for their expenses she is already old and have many
diseases already but she still takes care of her grandchildren. All her children
finished Elementary School only because they cannot afford education anymore
they will just buy food than study.
1 YO FILIPINO
6
KIVA
Poverty is one of the biggest issues that we are experiencing today. Even though
there are a lot of organizations and funds for the government, it still has not
lessened. In fact there are more people who are experiencing poverty today. Due
to the corrupt society we have today, a lot of people suffer that becomes a
domino effect to our society. When there is poverty, it affects all the key points
that needed to be tended.
When a person does not have the basic necessities that he or she has a right to,
that person experiences poverty. With what we have today, we should be
thankful and not buy too many luxuries because we should help the world to be a
better place. Instead of buying a phone every month or every time there is a new
model, we can help someone less fortunate in building up a business to have or
gain money for their everyday need.
One example of this is the website Kiva, with just a click a way a person who is
less fortunate will be able to have their own business and lessen the so called
issue regarding poverty. It is possible to have everyone equal. But, it is
dependent to the perspectives and strive of the people.
OPINION
Poverty is the most widespread and severe problem of the Philippines
everywhere you go there is poverty. If the Government will have a concrete
solution or plan to this problem and they will really implement it this can be solve.
If just the Government have a long term solution, do not give short term solution
and really cares to the poor people and do not use the poor people for their own
interest this problem can be solve. If all the citizens of this country care for own
another and never think bad or judge poor people this problem can be solve. I
believe that that this country is own of the most beautiful places here in this world
and have a rich natural resources if we people of the Philippines use the gift of
God which is nature we can be one of richest, developed and successful county
in this world. If we Filipinos just have courage to really solve this problem, this
problem can be solve.
1 YO FILIPINO
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SAFETY AND SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Philippine defense, safety and security are handled by the Armed Forces of the
Philippines and are composed of three branches: the Air Force, the Army, and
the Navy (including the Marine Corps). Civilian security is handled by Philippine
National Police under the Department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG).
It is one of the oldest democracies in Asia, but with the long-running communist
insurgency that affects the entire country, armed conflict, violent crime, and clanbased feuds in Mindanao pose significant threats to peace and security. Serious
political challenges remain to achieving a negotiated peace settlement between
the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the GRP.
LAW
Explanation: Republic Act No. 10175 or Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 is
about being protected by law using technology especially Internet. In this act
defined the cybercrime, providing for the prevention, investigation, suppression
and the imposition of penalties therefor and for other purposes. The offenses that
are included are: Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of
computer data and systems, Illegal Access, Illegal Interception, Data
Interference, System Interference, Misuse of Devices, Computer-related Forgery,
Computer-related Fraud, Computer-related Identity Theft, Cybersex, Child
Pornography, Unsolicited Commercial Communications and Libel. Anyone that
violates this law will punishable.
Explanation: Republic Act No. 10173 or Data Privacy Act of 2012, this act
protects individual personal information in information and communications
systems in the government and the private sector, creating for this purpose a
national privacy commission, and for other purposes. Anyone that violates this
act will be punishable by law.
EXPLANATION: The Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 protects the right of
the child. A child refers to 18 years old and below or above 18 years old that are
incapable to protect herself/himself. Child pornography refers to any
representation digital or written, or any means that child engaged to sexual
activities. In this law stated that the child pornography victims will be given a free
shelter, counseling, legal services, livelihood training and educational assistance.
“Child pornography is a menace that hounds societies around the world,
regardless of their political or economic state. It violates the right of our children
in the most gruesome way.” Cong. Defensor said.
Experiences
My first experienced was when I am competing in one of the biggest
computer competition and me and my group was able to be part of exhibit during
the competition, during the exhibit we presented our research and proposed
system. There are many people from the industry, students and visitors we are
so excited and nervous not only because we are presenting but also we are
representing our school. In morning we used my laptop for our presentation then
my other group mate arrived and replace my laptop with her laptop so I already
kept my laptop with the others bags, then we continue presenting I was surprised
when my friend is searching for her bag then I remembered that my bag with
laptop was under of her bag, I was so nervous because I know that my bag has
my laptop and my laptop is expensive and new so my parents will get mad at me,
we informed everyone from the event and search for my bag to all people that
was in venue and to the management of the venue, when I started telling stories
to the management I asked them if they have CCTV but sad to say they do not
have I was shocked because the event was held in an mall that was owned by
one of the richest person in Philippines, Asia and World, and the mall is big and
in city it is one of the biggest and known mall in Metro Manila, then I asked the
management if we can look to the CCTV of the mall entrance and exit they told
me that I am the one that will talk to the higher management and ask permission
also according to them it was a long process. I was so depressed because I
thought that the CCTV will be a big advantage to search my bag and find or
arrest the criminal but there is no CCTV I told the management that they should
have CCTVs for future purposes and easier to help the victims of the thief, they
said that it was their plan and on 2013 they will CCTVs, the management told me
that I should go to the police station and do some legal acts so it will be easier for
me to find the thief I asked them if I really need to do that and if it will help me to
find my bag they said that maybe it can help me so one of the employee of the
mall accompany me and my friend that was with me during that time to the police
station it was near the mall, on our way their I am not on a normal state of mind I
am thinking of killing myself by bumping to the cars on the road and thank god
that I am still alive, so when I was in the police station I told what happened and
the police said there was an old woman in jail, she was a robber and thankfully
arrested the things that she stole was returned to the owner the police asked me
if I want to complain on her so that she will be jailed I said that I will think about it.
So we returned to the mall where the event happened so my friends and
professors was there I told them what happened in police station and with talking
to the management I am happy or okay because I know that I can never find my
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laptop Philippines is so big, when I told my mom she said that I should just go
home, I asked her if she can buy me a new laptop and we started laughing.
My second experience was every time I am going in to school, public
transportation like trains, malls and other establishments. Schools, Public/Private
Transportations, malls and other establishments security guard tool used to
check my bags and all bags was STICK (A long slender piece of wood,
especially: A branch or stem cut from a tree or shrub. http://www.thefreedictionary.com) I do not understand why they are using the
stick and only use hi-tech tools when there is alert or event happened that killed
many people or alarm from terrorists and sometimes they do not check properly
the people and their things so there are always illegal acts that happens on
establishments.
My last experience was when I am browsing Internet I read stories that
there are people against or destroys reputation of other. I have a friend named
Antonio his friends took stolen pictures of his and post it on Facebook and his
friends tagged their others friends as a result there are a lot of comments and
likes, if you read the comments you will know that it is not a simply having fun it is
more of bullying they are saying a lot of bad and malicious words to Antonio that
they thought it was funny and sometimes they will post harsh words or funny
words to Antonio’s wall and sometime they will tag Antonio to anything. Also I
watched on news the pornography or online sex stuffs that were raid and the
owner are foreigners, the worst news that I watched regarding pornography was
the children are doing the pornography their age range from 4-12 years old only
they are too young to know and to do those stuffs and sometimes their parents
are one that told them or convince them to do that. The latest news that I
watched was about cybercrimes and data privacy many people or groups hacked
government sites because they are against the Cybercrime act and many groups
petition and file a case to stop the act. Furthermore every time I go outside the
house I am nervous because I know that there are a lot of bad people that might
hurt me and even when I am home I know I am not safe because in the society
today no matter who you are, where you are and your status in life you can be a
victim of bad people.
My three experiences showed and discussed some factors that
categorized in safety and security, safety and security is one of the hot issues
today and everyday it is on news. If this country has a strong safety and security
agencies their will be a lot of tourist that will go here and we Filipinos would not
bee afraid to visit or explore our own country.
OPINION
Safety and Security here in Philippines is lack, you will always nervous because
you know that there are a lot of bad people, young or old there are all
lawbreakers. From protection to defense cyber or not you are not safe. I hope
there will be a law that will protect us from all the lawbreakers, a law that is
created not to protect their self or own interest but a law for the benefits of all the
Filipinos.
STORIES
Luisa
Luisa is a student, 17 years old, lives in Pasay. She rides train as her
transportation on going to school and going back to home. Train is always full; it
is like a can of sardines you do need to hold of handles because you would not
even move. As a result Luisa became a victim of pickpockets for 3 times and it is
always her cellular phone. That is why her parents just brought her a cheap
phone so even it will be stolen it is cheap.
Rico
Rico is a high school student nerd. His friends and other people on twitter and
Facebook bullied him. As a result he do not want to go to school anymore.
Government Sites
The cybercrime prevention act is so controversial that is why it gets the attention
of the world. Many group of computer expert hack the government sites and
posted to stop the act to be a law.
Private Company
Some important data of a private company was stolen by unknown group of
hackers. The government authorities cannot help them because it is hard to find
the hackers online and who really did it because there is no law that authorize
them to fully be responsible in hacking or data privacy stuffs.
Chris
Chris a journalist in Cagayan de Oro, he was killed on 2002 and no one knows
why he was killed and who killed him. And until now there are still no suspect or
path that killed him or why he was killed.
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Tom love Megan
Dear Megan,
You are the most beautiful girl that I know next to my mom. The way you move
and talks are just breathtaking. I know that I love you from the days that I saw
you. I cannot stop thinking about you. You had a lot of boyfriends that gave you
so much pain. I am always looking and following you as a result I know almost
everything about you. Every school day you leave your house from 8:30-8:45am
and you go home from 5-7pm. Your house is the biggest and brightest on your
street. I want you so badly but I do not have strength to tell you my feelings, I
want you to know how special you are to me and I want you to be with me. I am
nothing compare to your past boyfriends they are hot, handsome, sporty, famous
and rich. But there is one think that they cannot do but I can, it is that I love you
more than anything in this world. Lastly I even know your Facebook, Twitter,
YouTube, Instagram gmail, yahoo mail and your other accounts password.
Love, Tom Cruz
Tom Cruz was arrested by the Philippine National Police (PNP), because he
uploaded nude pictures and videos of Megan Fax into Facebook, Twitter,
YouTube and other social media sites. He was been stalking Megan for almost 3
years and he have many as in almost millions pictures of her also he knows
everything about her like shoe size, weight, height, blood type etc. Megan is so
shocked and depressed because of what happened. She is so helpless right
now. We are hoping that she will recover soon so that we can get her side and to
finally submit and process the lawsuit.
Definition
Stalking, as defined by the criminal justice system, refers to acts such as
following, viewing, communicating with, or moving in a threatening or menacing
manner toward someone without that person’s consent. It entails a pattern of
harassing behaviors intended to frighten, intimidate, terrorize, or injure another
person.
Cyber stalking is a variety of behaviors that involve (a) repeated threats and/or
harassment (b) by the use of electronic mail or other computer-based
communication (c) that would make a reasonable person afraid or concerned for
their safety (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000). Cyber stalking can include repeated
emails or instant messages, flooding victim’s e-mail box, sending viruses, using
victim’s email to subscribe to unwanted data; sending misinformation to chat
rooms; and sending victim’s information and photos to sexually-oriented sites.
("Stalking and Cyber-Stalking." Stalking and Cyber-Stalking. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec.
2012 http://www.uh.edu/wrc/StalkingandCyber-Stalking.html)
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CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES
The Philippines suffers from widespread corruption. Means of corruption include
graft, bribery, embezzlement, backdoor deals, nepotism, and patronage.
Corruption in the Philippines has become "a humanitarian crisis" and scandals
increasingly seem to dominate the news.
The worsening corruption has eaten up the right of every citizen to good
governance, freedom, decent life, and more importantly his or her dignity.
Corruption is a serious obstacle to the social and economic development of a
country. The biggest losers are the Filipino people. In effect, the end-users are
made to pay for overpriced goods or services or are made to deal with lowquality or substandard goods or services.
ARTICLE THAT EXPLAINS HOW CORRUPTION CAUSES OTHER
PROBLEMS LIKE POVERTY IN PHILIPPINES
Poverty and corruption in the Philippines
Street Stories: "Human Rights at Stake" by Claire Delfin
With his skinny physique, tanned shabby skin, and head covered with grey hair, Oscar
Dela Cruz looks old. He is barely in his forties but says working each day under the sun
watching over parked cars has aged him quickly.
He earns about PhP 100 (roughly USD 2) a day - just enough to sustain his family of
seven with a kilo of rice and some sardines. Some days the family has to skip meals
when he has to divert the little he has to cover his children's school requirements. He is
just thankful none of them is sick - otherwise, they would have nothing to eat at all.
And so, Dela Cruz couldn't hide his disgust when he reads a tabloid with its headlines
about congressional probes on the multimillion-peso fertilizer fund scam and World Bank
investigations into alleged collusion on bidding for road project contracts. "Ang hirap ng
buhay namin. Samantalang yung iba, ninanakaw lang ang pera ng bayan na pwede
sanang gamitin para matulungan kaming mahihirap (Our life is so hard. And here are
people who just rob government money that could have been used to help us poor
people)." The Philippines has been ranked as among the world's most corrupt by,
among others, the Berlin-based non-governmental organization Transparency
International. Corruption has become so widespread here that that scandals coming out
one after the other dominate the news. Worse, many of these scandals are linked to
Malacañang Palace and the first family. President Gloria Arroyo was perceived as the
most corrupt in Philippine history in a survey done by Pulse Asia in 2007. Corruption
has diverted away whatever meager resources that could have been extremely helpful to
alleviate the lives of poor Filipinos. The Presidential Anti-Graft Commission (PAGC), a
government body tasked to investigate and hear administrative cases and complaints
against erring presidential appointees, has revealed that in the Philippines, an average
of 20 percent of the country's annual budget goes to corruption. In 2008, the national
budget was PhP 1.227 trillion (USD 26 billion). The budget for 2009 is pegged at an alltime high of PhP 1.415 trillion (USD 30 billion) as the government wants to boost
spending to shield the economy from a global slump. A provision in the bill requiring
reporting transparency was recently taken out by the government despite congressional
and media protests. PAGC chairperson Teresita Baltazar says the money lost to
corruption "could have been a lot to fund spending for social services like education,
healthcare, housing and livelihood capital, and infrastructure."
Human rights violation
For the Commission on Human Rights (CHR), the level of corruption in the Philippines
has reached a "humanitarian crisis at its core," encroaching and eating up not only the
right of every citizen to good governance, freedom, and decent life, but as well as her
and his dignity. "It is a very serious violation of human rights," says CHR chairperson
Leila de Lima. "Absent from anti-corruption analysis are humans rights concerns, in
particular how we define our corruption and how it adversely impacts on the enjoyment
of rights, especially of the poor and vulnerable," she adds. She adds that the pervasive
corruption in the Philippines has "led us into our quagmire now the poor are less
educated, have less access to health and economic opportunity, and are less able to
uplift themselves from their own poverty.'' Yet despite that, in a recent speech
delivered in Manila to an Integrity and Human Rights conference which linked the issue
of corruption with human rights, she insisted "now is not yet the time to smoke out those
without clean hands." The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its
2008 Asia Pacific Human Development Report says that corruption not only damaged
and weakened national institutions and resulted in inequitable social services but has
also resulted in judicial 'injustice', economic inefficiencies and unchecked environmental
exploitations. "And it hits hardest at the poor who often depend heavily on public
services and the natural environment and are least able to pay bribes for essential
services that should be theirs by right," says the report entitled "Tackling Corruption,
Transforming Lives."
Corruption in many fronts The report adds that in the Asia-Pacific region, the least
trusted authorities in terms of integrity are the police, the judiciary, tax offices, education
and medical services. It also says that even in the media, the supposed principal
watchdogs monitoring and exposing corruption, there lurks corruption. The practice of
cash-filled envelopes given to journalists in press conferences has persisted in
Indonesia as well as in the Philippines. So-called "envelopmental journalism" is often
attributed to the low salaries journalists traditionally receive, making it easier to tempt
them with cash gifts. Journalists in the Philippines typically earn just about 200 US
dollars a month and even high profile regional TV presenters are on record as having
quit their jobs to work in call centers where the pay is far better. In the Philippines,
the practice of "ATM journalism" has also become common. Reporters receive discreet
and regular pay-offs through their automated teller machine (ATM) accounts, which are
usually in the names of relatives, rather than the reporters themselves. Corruption
indeed is prevalent not only in government, but in practically all sectors, all strata of
Philippine society. But according to CHR's de Lima, what makes it worse is the utter
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apathy of many Filipinos. "We find ourselves in that curiously awkward and exquisitely
pained middle ground of neither denouncing it nor embracing it." It could be due to a
culture that breeds and traps the country in a cycle of corruption. Mutual help and
obligation, family loyalties and political patronage, which are well-entrenched in the
Filipino culture, have often been blamed as the root of corruption.
Fight vs. corruption
Corruption in the Philippines is well-ingrained in the systems of governance, and that
any change of leadership is not enough to curb corruption. In fact, there have been two
mass uprisings that pulled two corrupt presidents out of Malacañang, but the dominance
of graft, bribery and fund diversion has not been down an inch. So what Filipinos
need is not another political revolt, according to de Lima. It should instead be a
revolution that changes the Filipino psyche as well as the "configuration of political
power." This time, it's no longer enough to just name and shame corrupt officials. She
says it is about empowering all to act and to demand good governance. To do otherwise
will make them "tools to the perpetuation of corruption." PAGC says there have been
several measures undertaken to the fight against corruption, and gains have been made
in some of these. Some bureaucratic processes have been streamlined to reduce red
tape and fast-track transactions. PAGC has also spearheaded the strengthening of
internal audit units in every government agency, has pushed for the participation of
volunteer observers in biddings, and has lobbied for anti-graft legislative measures,
among others. It has tapped non-government organizations and civil society groups
to help out. "If no one's watching, corruption thrives," says Baltazar. Challenging
economic times may even see the situation worsen, says UNDP Country Director
Renaud Meyer. Global recession sees opportunities for corruption increase with
decisions on how to align funds which supposedly aim to mitigate the impact of the
crisis. And second, there will be the 2010 presidential elections where a fair amount of
campaign money is likely to be drawn from government coffers. Unfortunately, and as
the UNDP puts it, "the real price of corruption is not paid in currency." "The true costs
are eroded opportunities, increased marginalization of the disadvantaged and feelings of
injustice." Oscar Dela Cruz knows only too well what those printed words mean in
practice. His family's pitiful prospects he says are thanks to institutional and
governmental corruption that helps guarantee poverty. Philippine Human Rights
Reporting Project
LAWS
The REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6713 or Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
for Public Officials and Employees is about the ethical standards, what should
the Public Officials and Employee do and should not do. Every public official and
employee shall observe the following as standards of personal conduct in the
discharge and execution of official duties: Commitment to public interest,
Professionalism, Justness and sincerity, Political neutrality, Responsiveness to
the public, Nationalism and patriotism, Commitment to democracy and Simple
living. They Public Officials and Employees must be honest and responsible in
their job any violation they will be punishable my law.
The REPUBLIC ACT NO. 3019 or Anti graft and corruption is act to stop or
lessen the graft and corruption, any public officers that Persuading, inducing or
influencing another public officer to perform an act constituting a violation of
rules, Directly or indirectly requesting or receiving any gift, present, share,
percentage, or benefit, for himself or for any other person, Accepting or having
any member of his family accept employment in a private enterprise which has
pending official business with him during the pendency thereof or within one year
after its termination, any undue injury to any party, including the Government, or
giving any private party any unwarranted benefits, advantage or preference in the
discharge of his official administrative or judicial functions through manifest
partiality, evident bad faith or gross inexcusable negligence, neglecting or
refusing, after due demand or request, without sufficient justification, to act within
a reasonable time on any matter pending before him for the purpose of obtaining,
directly or indirectly, from any person interested in the matter some pecuniary or
material benefit or advantage, or for the purpose of favoring his own interest or
giving undue advantage in favor of or discriminating against any other interested
party, and others will be penalized with this law.
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EXPERIENCES
Corruption is the only reason why I am not proud to be Filipino because my
country men is the cause why this country have many problems that is since of
corruption. Corruption is always on news in Television, Radio, Newspaper,
Internet it is a shame that the government should be the one to protect its people
and help its people to have a better life but here in Philippines the government is
the one that killing us Filipinos. They do not care who you are if they think that
you are hindrance to their personal interest they will kill you.
I know that the corruption is real and it is really happening until when I
experienced it, so we are going to the mall my dad drives our car it is still not red
light means to stop so my dad still go and drives when all of a sudden a traffic
enforcer run to our car and said that my dad violates traffic rules so my dad
explained that it is still go but the traffic enforcer just said to my dad to pay
Php300.00 so that he would not get the drivers license of my dad because my
dad knows how hustle it is to pick his drivers license to the government agency
he asked the traffic enforcer if he can just give Php150.00 because we do not
have money but the traffic enforcer insisted the Php300.00 should be given until
the traffic enforcer accepted the Php150.00
Also when the government employees asked money so that our papers will be
given faster. I remembered when I am applying for Drivers License my mom paid
Php2, 000.00 so that I do not need to drive and even I failed the exam I can still
have my license all the people that were applying need to pay thousand of
money so that it is easier and faster to process and get the drivers license.
All my experiences on corruption was with government agencies and employees
but now 2012 there are no corrupt government agencies and employees that I
encountered, you need to follow all the process and no need for paying
employees.
OPINION
I believe that all the problems of the Philippines is because of CORRUPTION,
because all the budget that should addressed Poverty, Education, Safety and
Security and other problems is loss or missing. Government and Private
agencies and establishments, public and private person they all did corruption,
corruption in this country this part of everyday life, most of the people get used to
it. Thanks to Aquino’s administration today because the corruption lessens as a
result the other problems like poverty, education, safety and security is lessen
and have concrete plans to resolve it.
STORIES
Marcelo
Marcelo is a government employee, if you want to get your needed document
just find him or ask where he is and give his needed amount then you can get
you documents easier and faster.
Mr. Santiago
Mr. Santiago is a Police man, if you want someone to be jailed or you want to get
you important documents or ID just asked him to do a favor for you and pay him
his requested amount of money, your payment depends on what kind of favor
you asked.
Governor Aroyu
Governor Aroyu has a project; to build bridges in Samar it cost Php50 million.
The project last for 3 years and the bridges are in agricultural lands and only
animals used the bridge the quality of the bridge is poor and even its been 1 year
since it is built the other parts are already gone or faded also the only cost of the
bridges was Php10 million.
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Do you have
ETHICS?
"Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong."
"Ethics has to
do with my religious beliefs."
"Being ethical is doing what the law
requires."
"Ethics consists of the standards of behavior our society accepts."
"I
don't know what the word means." - Raymond Baumhart
Be ethical or ethics, but first what is ethical? Ethics also known as moral
philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts
of right and wrong conduct. It comes from the Greek word ethos, which means
"character". Or pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality,
pertaining to right and wrong in conduct.
Ethics, do I have ethics? Well I guess I have because I was raised to know
what right and wrong and do only what is right. In the world today it is so hard to
be ethical or to show your ethics all the time because they are always someone
that will test your ethics on a certain time or subject. Most of the time you do not
care anymore or you did not think on your actions as a result you end up arguing
with other people or did wrong to the person with intention.
Ethics is not based or measured on your religion, its just your religion
affects your ethics or taught you how to be ethical. The religion is your guide in
your actions but the decision is still in you if you want to follow or not the guide or
teachings of your religion.
Ethics is not also based or measure to the laws, rules or society;
unfortunately you need to follow laws, rules but society? No, we do not need to
follow the society like what it tells us to do. On laws and rules we need to follow it
because if not you can be jailed or have a criminal record and that is hard when
you want to have a job but more or less if you know that a certain law is not
applicable and you think it will not make you liable then there you can really show
if you have ethics or not. Laws, rules and society wants us to be ethical all the
time so that we cannot hurt other people and the society that where we live is
quite or no/less crimes.
Having an ethics is necessary and all people no matter how many people
you killed you still have ethics. All of us have a reason or background on our
ethical views or practices or values or morals. Religion, laws, rules, society is just
our guide to be ethical and they want us to have ethics. There are a lot of
consequences if you are ethically good or not because the people today is so
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crazy and confused that is why we can predict what they will do to us however
still be good, do the things or the decisions that you think is right and let the
karma chase those bad people.
What, then, is ethics? Ethics is two things. First, ethics refers to well-founded
standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in
terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues.
Ethics, for example, refers to those standards that impose the reasonable
obligations to refrain from rape, stealing, murder, assault, slander, and fraud.
Ethical standards also include those that enjoin virtues of honesty, compassion,
and loyalty. And, ethical standards include standards relating to rights, such as
the right to life, the right to freedom from injury, and the right to privacy. Such
standards are adequate standards of ethics because they are supported by
consistent and well-founded reasons.
Secondly, ethics refers to the study and development of one's ethical standards.
As mentioned above, feelings, laws, and social norms can deviate from what is
ethical. So it is necessary to constantly examine one's standards to ensure that
they are reasonable and well-founded. Ethics also means, then, the continuous
effort of studying our own moral beliefs and our moral conduct, and striving to
ensure that we, and the institutions we help to shape, live up to standards that
are reasonable and solidly-based.
---- This article appeared originally in Issues in Ethics IIE V1 N1 (Fall 1987)
Revised 2010
Do you have ethics? You know what is ethics? Do you have any
experiences or stories about ethics? Well I do have and it goes like this:
My parents teach ethics, since I was little and until now, my schools, my religion,
the society where I live also taught me. I know I do not show ethics or I am not
ethical sometimes when I am so tired, annoyed and irritated that is why I salute
people that can still be ethical although they are tired, annoyed, irritated and
have problems. Everyday I experience ethics, there are still people that care of
others even to strangers, people that still be good even you did wrong to him/her,
people that can still give you a smile during rush hour, people that says thank
you, you are welcome and sorry when you did something for them or vice versa,
people that did help you not because it is their job but because they want to. I
know that today it is hard to find a person with ethics but I believe that
somewhere there is still someone that has ethics. Let us show that we have
ethics, that we can still do what is right and good.
The Train
Train or often called as LRT it is the most widely use transportation in
Metro Manila if you hate driving, traffic, pollution and hassle. Almost 500,000 of
Filipinos used any LRTA line every day; it is the easiest and fastest way of
transportation when you are going to school, work, and gigs, everywhere.
When I started college I need to ride train everyday back and forth it is the
easiest, fastest and the only transportation I know. Before I do not really ride a
train because I am from Bulacan so being a firs timer to ride a train I do not know
how to use the card so my mom taught me about everything how to buy ticket,
what is it used, crowded place, minutes of travel, unsafe place for short it is not
my comfort zone but it is the easiest and way of my transportation so I do not
have a choice. At first I am excited to ride and experience it I got a strange
feeling. It is always crowded especially during rush hours it is like market noise
and people everywhere busy people that want to ride so that they would not be
late they do not care if they hurt you as long as they will arrive in their destination
early. I was scared to ride in the male zones so I always in female it is like they
are females they are strong and wild particularly if it is skip train sometimes I am
annoyed by their manners so I will just observe what is happening and it is so
funny that you will see different reaction of people every morning some are mad,
annoyed, irritated, happy, no reaction etc., that I can interact with different kinds
of people busy sleeping (in sitting or standing position), studious (studying inside
the train), texting calling listening to music (the no reaction people), the thief
(suspect in pickpocket), lover of doors (they are always in center and loves to
hang in the doors), driver (announcer and operator), elders, PWD & pregnant
that will go in crowded stage in train and would not go in their special place, trip
to Jerusalem (runners for sit) rushers (pleasing everyone inside to move), trouble
makers(will shout & fight to the co-passenger) and the victims (stole their
valuable things) these are just some of people in train that I encounter every day.
I became a victim of pickpockets I was off to school less people that
normal because it was raining my iPod was in my pocket listening in music while
waiting for train when a girl (because I am in females side) passed through me
then boom I lost my iPod I was nervous so I go inside of the train then instinct I
talked to the girl “Miss is my iPod with you? You get it?” In a very respectful
manner then she lift her bag my iPod fell she said sorry then go down in the next
station after that I realized that I should told that to the guard but it is too late. It is
not the last time I see her doing her job (pickpocket) in same time morning and
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place she is doing the same I do not have any guts to yell that she is a thief but
every time I saw her I make sure that she would not have any victim by smiling at
her, I do not know what my smile have that make her transfer or stop what is her
plan I just smiled then she run the last time I saw her is that when I noticed a girl
crying and complaining to her friend that her wallet with almost P12, 000 is
missing I saw the pickpocket girl and we had eye contact then she transferred
from the other side I am not sure if that is really her but every time I saw that face
there is a guts in me that tell that is she. I encountered many scenarios with that
crime male or female suspect they are good in accomplishing their jobs some are
already in jail and some are still doing the same job, I have a lot of friends that
was been there victim from wallet, cellular phones, IPods even LRT card.
There are also different kinds of train the skip train, slow train, fast train,
damage train, old train, new train, raining train, cockroach train, smelly train, 5050 train and others my favorite is skip train.
I realized that I could not stay in my comfort zone forever there is always
specific moment in life that you need to go in a new place to experience what life
is. I grew up in a safe and quiet place then when I went to college it changed it is
like everyone is bad is messy noisy chaotic for me but those chaotic place
changed me it makes appreciate my life that I do not need to sell and stop
studying just to provide for my family every day I encounter children or adults
selling food, cigarettes begging for alms but I just passed through them because I
think they are bad that they will harm me.
In train I hug my bag I do not like people leaning in me or closer in my
body because for me those are pickpocket-ers or they will hypnotized me then
get all my things. I need to stand for what is right I will tell to the authorities if
someone is doing something against the law I will have strength to fight for my
rights and to do a right thing for other people.
Life is not always safe they are people that will harm me, take advantage
on me but it does not mean that all people are bad there are still some people
that cares for me although I do not know them that will still give you a smile in
there busy schedule that will say apologize when they hurt you that will me feel it
is safe and in there simple deeds will make me happy.
For me life is like a train sometimes it is full and you need to force yourself
to be in your destination, you will be able to encounter different people that will
push and hurt you to make you feel that you need to go down in the train and
there are people that will lend their hands to help you and make you happy: you
need to strive hard, push your limits so that you will fulfill your goals many people
will hurt you that makes you want to give up on life but do not give up always
know your worth and be focus on your goal because they are people that
supports you and believes in you. In the end of the ride it was you to decide if
you want to make that ride memorable, enjoyable and gives you happiness. Life
always depends on me.
What does it mean to be Human?
What does it mean to be Human? Human is having the qualities of man
or mankind. To be human is doing what is right and follow the rules and
principles of right conduct. If we know our true good we will seek, and if we have
defined the good and right, if we know our duty, we will do it. There is a desire in
man to do that, which is right and reasonable.
It is not enough; there must be faith and love also in us. Without these
virtues and do good works often leads to self-righteousness. Faith is
comprehensive expression for Christian relationship between God and men.
Faith is the source of truth about reality. Without faith, all knowledge of finite
reality become distorted and loses. Faith rescues it from its self- centeredness
and self-love. It frees the self from its fears and anxieties about itself and enables
it to give itself in love to other.
To be is a creative being as well as a being seeking salvation; Christian
ethics is often identified with the doctrine of the means of salvation, a theory of
values of man’s creativity or creative activity. It’s also to be free. Freedom is
given to man for fulfilling the law and justifying himself by good works due to his
free will. Freedom is essential condition of moral life. Freedom is evil as well as in
good. Man is enslaved by the necessity to choose between that which is forced
upon him and carrying out the law under fear of penalties. He proves to be least
free in that which is connected with his free will.
To be human are being a sociable but also a spiritual being. It is only as a
spiritual being that man can know the good as such. As a social being, he knows
only the changing conception about the good. To be perfect, it is bad of human
for it lacks the perfection of sight. Whenever a thing lacks this perfection, the
thing is called bad. A thing is called bad in so far as it lacks the perfection due to
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its nature. It is bad if human for it lacks the perfection of sight. Sickness is bad
because it is the privation of health. War is bad because it is the privation of
peace and love among men. Human actions, which result from the practice of
business medicine art, agriculture and so forth, are called good or right. They are
bad or wrong when they lack of perfection or fullness required by the object, that
is when they do not agree with their standards or techniques.
To be human is to be moral. Human actions are good when they have the
moral and result to good Karma. Immoral or evil actions oh human act may result
to Karma. They disagree with the norms of immorality and deviated man from his
final end. Evil is always immoral because it is immoral or bad thing that you did to
other human beings and it is forbidden. Morality is the foundation of society and
whole happiness of man and even his sanity depends on his moral condition.
Morality is necessary not only to preserve our individual human dignity but also to
preserve our social life. All human actions have a real value. A moral problem
arises in all spheres of human endeavors and professions if the citizens are wild
animals, the city would be a jungle.
To be ignorance is being human. Man’s ignorance is possible and is
common experience. Corruption of the mind, conflict of custom, deprivation of the
human heart, blameful traditions are factors contribute to this ignorance.
Ignorance can be invincible for the people who have no formal training in moral
matters and it is lack and absence of correct knowledge.
To be conscience is being human. We all know the human has
conscience. Conscience is known as the inner or little voice of God out man’s
moral obligations and telling him what to do and what to avoid in the moral order.
I must respect the property of other. If you did the wrong act, this is theft. Theft is
an evil act because it is against the property right of others. Therefore, I must
avoid the actions. Only man is responsible for his actions. Only man is
responsible for this action. He alone is aware of what he is doing and is free to
act or not to act.
To be responsible is being human. Responsibility is an actor response of
human being to have a result of consequence in return. A human being is totally
responsible; he must acquire 3 types, which are Knowledge, Freedom and
Voluntariness. Human being can obtain responsibility by doing this 3
voluntariness. This is the human act to be fully responsible. If you lack on this
three, you may not acquire fully responsible.
In God, Man is human. Man is a spirit-matter made unto the likeness of
God. So, what we do is to follow what God’s message to us or to follow the
commandments of God. There be only one God, whoever or whatever you many
called him, as long as you do good to yourself and to others, then there is no
fear. For Good is God, God is Good. God Bless us all.
HUMAN or HUMANE?
“It is easy to be human but it is hard to be humane”
This is a famous Filipino proverb, it always comes to my mind every time I
read the question what does it mean to be human?
What does it mean to be human? This is one of the hardest question and
one of question that you might not ever answer. Many people no matter what
their age, color, size, country, social status, religion and others are still seeking to
answer this question. Some died but they never answered this and some are still
seeking to know the answer.
I researched what does it mean to be human in Christian and Science
prospective. According to Hebrew Bible and Christian New Testament, the
answer to the question "What does it mean to be human?" was to be created "in
the image of God" (Genesis 1:26-27). And according to science Part of what it
means to be human is how we became human. Over a long period of time, as
early humans adapted to a changing world, they evolved certain characteristics
that help define our species today.
Have you ever watched or listened to the news without any crimes? Have you
ever did not cheat to pass the test? Have you ever go to the crowded place and
never heard any complaints? Have you ever wake up in the morning without any
regrets? These are some scenarios that it and we encounters that give us the
real meaning of being a human make us a real human; everyday we are tested to
be human.
It is been a daily routine here in our house to watch news because of my
parents and almost 80-95% in the news is about crimes, There a lot of inhuman
act around the world, like brutality, cruelty, false imprisonment, punishments,
killings, rape, murders, robbery, blackmail, riot, wars and others.
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Crimes today are worst anyone can do it, no matter what your age, social
status, power, educational attainment, religion and others you can do whatever
you want. We people are really exercising our freedom the free will that God
gave us, we always said that we are free, we can do whatever we want, and we
do not care of others as long as we do what we want. But we do not like the
responsibilities to our actions. We forget that our freedom and responsibility is
interconnected. And sad to say that it became usual for us to watch it and
sometimes we do not care anymore.
There are many religions and each religion has a God and holy book. I do
not know why they are fighting against each other but their teachings says that
be good, do not hurt others and etc. How can you follow the holy book or the
teachings of your religion if your own religion does not follow it? I am not against
any religion and I respect all the beliefs of each religion but for me before they
said to follow a certain teaching they should make sure that all of them will follow
it and do not just have a religion because you want to have a second life or have
a good karma.
Who does not want to be rich and famous? It is the goal of almost all of us
and my second goal is to be sexy anyways according to the oldies or the people
that is older than me to be rich you need to study hard, perform well in school
and do ordinary things extraordinary well but almost all of the billionaires and
famous here in Earth did not even finished college so it is true that to be rich and
famous is to finish college? Hmmm, this comes to my mind every time I do not
want to study or I want to do new productive works. Actually I have a choice to
study or not to study, I can stop studying and do not do this reflection paper but
here I am doing this so I means that I chose to study. I chose to study for almost
fifteen years of my awesome life because first like what I’ve said before I want to
be rich and famous and second is I want to be sexy so how can I be sexy if I do
not have any money? But choosing to study is more than that studying
contributed a lot to be who I am today and to the future. Studying is fun you will
learn many things that you will apply in your daily routine you will have numerous
experience and it is one step closer to achieve my goal in life. I am studying not
because my parents and other people want it but because I want to study.
Sometimes we hurt or did something against others but we did not mind it
anymore, we forgot to say sorry because our conscience is not disturbing us so
we think that it is okay. Like what Confucius said, “Do not do unto others, which
you do not want others to do unto you”.
All of us have different prospective and purpose in life, we encountered
different experiences, problems, trials, questions, challenges and triumphs. No
matter what you’ve been through either it is good or bad you always need to
reflect to think and to know what you really what and what you really are. Life is
so short to regret, to cry and to be sad but it did not mean that you always need
to be happy it is just you need to move forward to face the reality in life. Always
remember your problem/s is not enough reason to commit crimes and be
inhuman.
No matter how bad your life is, always make the best out of it, your life
does not relay on other people you are the one that make the choices in
choosing the right path you always need to use your brain then follow your heart.
Live the best life that you can have, always solve your problems with a smile and
keep in mind that God is always there for you. Be free but be ready for
responsibilities.
Seriously, right now I do not what does it really mean to be human, I do
not know when will I know the answer or how to know the answer all I know is I
will answer it not today nor tomorrow but someday for sure I will know the
answer.
Phenomenal of Needle
According to 1 Corinthians 14:40 (Chapter 14, Verse 40) “Let all things be
done decently and in order.” We must observe safety for all things at home, to
men and environment. We can do many ways to help prevent accidents and
keep properly and in order: “Cleared of possible cause of accidents.” All these
things remind me from time to time, that I have to be more careful, because of
what happened to me before.
I was then a second year high school. Just like the other teenager. I
played so much with this Play station 3, seated in an Indian Seat, played
delightfully. Playing alone with my favorite game (NBA), it’s just like playing with
a member of a team. Your personal behavior during the game counts more than
your ability to play. Remember, that once you lose your temper during a game,
and it may cause. “It’s defeat.” And this happened to me. I was affected because
of my temper because I lost the game for 1 point sounds funny but its true.
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I stood up vigorously, not knowing, our housemaid accidentally dropped a
needle on the floor, where I seated and shoved to my side heel when I stood up.
When I walk there is pain going on. Before hand, I really don’t know what was
inside my foot. It was very painful and can’t stand with my two feet. I cried that
time because of the pain and I can’t stand-alone. I need an assistant to walk. My
mother felt nervous because of the pain I have. As we all know, Mother is
mother. She loves, cares for and protects her own children. So, she decided to
bring me to the hospital and have an X-ray with my foot. We found out that,
needle was the cause of too much pain. Our reaction when we saw a needle on
my foot is “HO MY GAD”! At that moment, I don’t know what to do, I always cry
and cry because of the pain that I have and there was no physician available to
heal me up. So, I think I will be never healed. I will be like that forever. So, we
tried a private one and specialize for the surgery. The anesthesiology injected me
first with anesthesia (a drug which induces insensibility to pain) and he injected
my 18 times I repeat 18 times because the anesthesia is not inserted well in my
body cause of too much fat and after the anesthesiology injecting to my body, I
cried a lot as in because I hate needles and because of the pain I encounter. I
was afraid when my surgeon started to cut the flesh. Now, I’m out cold because
of the anesthesia that I got, the surgeon started to cut the flesh of my right ankle.
The pain was still there. I was sleeping that time. I don’t have idea what did the
surgeon did, then suddenly, I woke up I asked the nurse there what happen to
my foot. They said, “Mr. Juan the needle was successful come out”. “Thanks
God”, the only words uttered me since I brought to the hospital.
And from that time on, As much as possible, I always see to it that my
working place is safe. Every time I saw a needle, I felt the Trauma. It’s not easy
to forget that travail. Hopefully, I may be able to erase that traumatic feeling, of
course, with the help of our Lord. By the way, before we step down the stairs, I
read a message taken form Philippians 4:6 (Chapter 4, Verse 6) “Do not be
anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and petition, with
thanksgiving, present your request to God.” Oh! What a coincidence. Thanks
God.
Maybe it happened to me because of my carelessness and high tempered
playing the console. It is true that playing those things affects one’s temperament
because when I play, I feel like I’m the one playing in that game. I’m doing their
job. So, I lost my concentration and be careless to my surroundings. It should
not happen if I always stay calm and cool.
The moral lesson here is, “Man should be responsible not only for himself
but also for all men and his environment.” I should be aware for what I’m doing, if
it is clean or not, if it is safe or not. I must be more responsible enough not only
for myself but also for my family, friends, and fellowmen and to my environment. I
should tell to myself that I must be careful always, responsible and be aware of
the things around me. Instead of being ravished by anger, a little imagination or
patience can drive away those tempers. I should have some extra careful of
everything, and put a lot of patience, calm and cool all the time because life
depends on me.
Passage
“We are often expected to be more concerned with the problems of the one and
the many”
This passage means man is responsible not only for himself but also for
all men and his environment. Each of us is equally powerless in the face of God’s
transcendence and at the same time of equal value before God. We are
commanded by God to love our neighbor, as we love ourselves. It’s a life of
responsibility to the will of God. Fulfilling that responsibility need not be a matter
of fear the drudgery; it can be one of merriment and joy. Because of love, love
directs the human person to do acts of loving service. In love we belong totally to
the Lord, therefore to be response to his call for moral responsibility and concern.
I chose this passage because it saw how we could be more
understanding, more selfless and more human to the other. We are also
responsible not only for ourselves but also for all men and environment.
I thank God for giving me my loving, caring, responsible and helpful
parents and a sister who us very understanding. I’m in this world because of you.
Being me in this world. I’m entitled to do something good for myself and to other
person. I can stretch my gift-bearing hands to those who needs my helping
hands, and to those far from home, in poverty or in prison by means of prayers.
They too must receive the God’s Blessings.
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All of us, not only me but also you had been here in this world to do our
duties. Yes, we go to school to study not only for the basic academics but to be a
good citizen of our land to follow rules and regulations that are being
implemented. We must also know that we are here because of divine providence.
I always remember that we are not here in this world for ourselves; we are
here for the other to live. They too had the right to live like others. I can help them
by doing our share in the community, by sharing our blessings, by helping others
to achieve also of their own. We, the people may also help the public official by
doing our own way or cooperation. The community should listen and hear, so
that we may learn in the past that we the people may have the right to do what is
the best for us.
With our parents, they should be responsible enough for their children.
They should set examples for them. If they are irresponsible, the parents are to
be blame. They should treat and taught the duties and responsibilities inside and
outside their homes.
The duties and respect for the others will not go along without the
existence of our faith in GOD. We are here because of divine providence and I’m
also here because of GOD. Every actions that I made should be guided and be
with GOD accordingly, in this world, that full of mystery. . Without GOD we
should not know whom we are where we are and why people are is like this. It is
only GOD that has the RIGHT TO DECIDE.
HACKING
Hacking may lead people’s personal information to be known by others and it is
dangerous especially if the information is confidential. This may risk business or
personal life.
Hackers seek to gain unauthorized access to computers to steal what we have
stored on our computers, such as credit card numbers, bank account details,
address books or other personal, financial or business information.
Hacking for me is ethically wrong. That’s why we have the so-called Privacy.
Each of us deserves respect for our personal lives. We don’t want others to
interfere with what we are doing; we don’t want others to know every little detail
of our lives, unless it is us who put it online like blogging of tweeting. Making it
short, every one of us deserves to live in the most peaceful and private way but
for others they think that hacking is ethically right, maybe because it does proves
that you are capable of knowing certain information without the help of others.
When you know how to hack, you are a God (someone that is good in
programming IS students naming) or a master programmer. Others also said that
it is used to test websites’ and every system’s security issues. Once they know
that it can be easily accessed by anyone, they can fix bugs immediately.
There’s nothing wrong in testing system’s ability. What is wrong is if you try to
access different system without the consent of the company or the owner. And
once you’ve abused your skill and instead of doing the right thing, you are
beginning to be immoral. You know it yourself that privacy is important to every
individual yet you’ve managed to accessed private lives of others. It is a selfish
act and nothing’s good if you will only consider what will benefit yourself the
largest.
Homosexuality
Isn’t happiness the most important thing? This is question the gays and lesbians
are raising when they were question about their sexuality.
It is important to consider the feeling of feeling for our society to be peaceful.
Also, this practice respects that everyone might want to gain or is easy to give.
Homosexuality for me is ethical. Although I am a Catholic and a believer of God
and even though it is not merely stated in the bible and the church somehow
disapprove of same sex marriage, I believe that right, before we are created, God
already knows what will happen to us and what will we all be in a head of time.
Homosexuality is a disease, curse or sin. I do not even know a verse in the bible
that stated God do not love homosexuals.
I love homosexuals and I have friends that are homosexuals they are so funny
and you will never experience any dull moments and they have a very good
sense of humor. I asked people what is their idea that being gay is unethical, no
certain reason was pointed out acceptably. They just hate the way they are, the
way they act, dress, communicate and basically on how they present themselves
in front of us. For others, most especially if you’re the father, they hate the fact
that he has a gay son mainly because he thinks that he can ruin what he has
built for the family and be ashamed of what the others might tell against their
family. But today the gays are the provider of the family, they are the one that
work to sustain their family also gays are talented they excels on their chosen
path most of them are in Arts and gain not only money but also pride, dignity and
respect from other people all around the world. I salute homosexuals.
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God created us in his own image and likeness! That’s why I believe that
whatever choices we stick through in our life, whoever or whatever we want
ourselves to be, he is and will accept us wholeheartedly because he wants us to
be happy and be fulfilled in ourselves. Homosexuals don’t do anything that can
harm us “normal” or we male and female people. Sometimes, they are the one
who’s been suffering long enough and being bullied by our own friends and
classmates and us. Many of them have already committed suicide because of
too much stress, pressure and underestimation of others. And most of the time,
they are the one who becomes successful in their chosen careers rather than the
straight ones.
Because of these horrible circumstances, they want to prove that they are not
like most of the people nowadays who don’t care and doesn’t have any jobs.
They want to standout and are known for what they’re doing and their field of
business. If God can accept them with all of his heart, who are we to judge and
make their life miserable?
Contraception
Contraception is one of the hottest issues nowadays accompanying with the
issue of abortion. The Catholic Church is against this issue because they say that
it will end a life. Everyone must care about this issue because this affects us all.
They should know what would be the effect of contraception in our lives.
For me, contraception is ethically right. It doesn’t mean that once you use
contraception, you are forbidding a child to be born. It is just a simple way of
family planning. Most of us must be engage in family planning, because raising a
child is so hard nowadays. Being practical, today’s status is unpredictable. You
never know when will you be on top and when will you fall down. We must plan
things quite ahead of us. And this includes the issue of having many children.
And doing family planning can provide the needs and maybe even the wants of
your children. Family planning is not wrong but having may children and you
cannot even provide them a food or basic needs that is unethical.
Some may think that I am in favor of abortion but I support the use of
contraception? It is merely the same thing right? You are hindering a child to be
born and you are just thinking of your own pleasure. In case you are in teenage
years, you are too young to be engage in such activity and you’re too afraid to be
pregnant that’s why you use contraception. But still I do not believe that making
love when you are not married.
My stand to this is it is still ethically right. Why? Abortion is a different thing from
using contraception. In abortion, you are already capable of killing a life and
that’s immoral. In contraception, you are just being practical about life. In a
mature way, sex is definitely a big issue especially once you are already married.
I’ve seen movies telling that it is just normal to do such activity with your partner
because it can increase strong bond between the two of you, build strong
relationship and faith. And mostly, romance and love.
Partners should be responsible in every action they do. And through this they can
say that they are being responsible for knowing the consequences of
carelessness in family planning. It is also the freedom of choice. They have the
power to choose when to have a child and when not. For the natural method they
suggest does not guaranteed success. Then, if family planning allows this, it will
bring more benefit for the couple will be assured that they are ready if they’re
having the child. And they could give whatever their child would need.
And since as we all know nowadays, most teens are engage in such activity
because of their own reasons. For me, I would highly suggest them to use any
kind of contraception rather than committing abortion. It’s just a simple way of
being practical and ethical.
Polygamy
For me polygamy is ethically wrong. Although it is legal in other religions and
culture, I have my own religion and I will based my answer in what I believe in is
true. Having an affair while you are already committed to someone violates one
commandment of God. No woman wants his or her partner to have anybody else
but them. What is the sense of marriage if he/she marries other and it can be
war. And it is confusing not only to the society but more for the children.
What if the male gives equal rights to the females? No one will be left, no one will
exceed the other, what she have you will have?
It is still immoral for me. If you truly love the person then no doubt, you shouldn’t
be with anybody else but with each other’s company. You are violating what the
church and God has witnessed. You are violating the holy sacrament of
marriage, the vows that you’ve stated. Marriage is a lifelong union, ending only
with the death of one spouse.
Divorce
Divorce is an issue for couples who want to end their marriage. The Catholic
Church is against to this act because they believe that once they were already
bond by the church it is already for eternal life. This issue is already legal in other
countries but it’s still on a debate in our country.
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For me divorce is ethically right because life is different now unlike the tradition
before.
You have to consider what would be the best for the both sides and for the
people around you. If the couple thinks that it isn’t working anymore and it affects
and hurt other people, then they should have a divorce. But before they divorce
they should many times if they are really sure that they want a divorce and
explain it to you family, relatives especially to your children because they are the
most affected if you totally separated. And most of the people that do not have a
parents or have a separated parents they have some issues in morals.
Thus, it is vital to that their family, relatives and friends should understand that
this couple would not come to divorce if everything is working well. Also they
should consider that there are downsides in relationship that sometimes were
just need to be over to make it well.
For other’s perception, maybe what they’re thinking is you shouldn’t make into
the rush of getting married and not committing what you have promised in front of
God and the holy sacrament of marriage. And thinking of other possible ways to
maybe arranges everything and starts again.
Indeed, divorce is painful to the kids but they also need to consider that having
an abusive and unhealthy marriage is neither a good environment for the kids.
So, parents must realize that there is no easy way out. Hence, they should be
responsible enough to do necessary actions for the well being of their children.
After separation the best thing to do is to become friends for the sake of the kids.
Couples don’t know how their feelings will change after sometime of their
marriage. Annulment is already legal in other countries. Nothing is really bad to
divorce. In fact, it is the answer to couples that have problems in their married
life. What if it doesn’t really work? Will they just suffer to their problems? But
what if for example your partner’s hitting you over and over again? Not just you
but also your children? Is it possible that in a second you can just restart
everything and pretend that nothing happened? No. if you think that the only
thing and the best thing to do is to divorce then do so. You’ll never know what
might happen eventually. Maybe you can still be friends once you’ve let it go and
if you are meant to be with each other then it will be.
Prostitution
Prostitution is ethically wrong. Just like in pornography. It is an ethical issue
somehow it is a form of demeaning act. Sometimes, the people engage in this
kind of activity abuse the woman and might lead to physical abuse and
threatening and sometimes, unwanted pregnancy.
Others may tell you that it is the only way to survive and help their family
because there’s no other job for them and a twisted and selfish opinion that they
rather stay in this line than to steal or engage in other illegal acts. But also they
are destroying another family for their own good. When you are a prostitute you
become selfish and you want everything to be yours so that you can achieve
your goals like having many money, a family or any personal reasons.
The solution for this is simple; why not find other moral jobs than continuing with
this one? There are so many jobs that you can apply to, why stick with this one?
Be patient in job hunting and don’t lose hope. Sometimes, it is on woman’s fault if
something bad happen to them, because they all know that the government
prohibits this act yet they still continue on doing it. And stop wanting a easy
money, you need to work hard and work legally to have a money and that least
you have your dignity and the respect of other people.
Bullying
Bullying for me is definitely unethical. Basically, bullying is all about undermining
other person’s personality. It can be in terms of verbal harassment, threat and
the worst, physical assault. Mostly, the age level involve in this act is between
kinder to high school. And you are bullying other people because you are
insecure or jealous to him/her.
The only positive trait that you can get from bullying is, it can teach you life
lessons, give self-confidence and feel you are strong. When you are a bully is fun
especially when other people are helping you to be more bully and the person
that you are bullying is almost crying and you will run. Bullying is a self-satisfying
but too much bullying have a big impact to the bullied person because he/she do
not have self-esteem and confidence and do not like socializing or afraid to be
with friends or other people.
That’s why everyone should make an action if you see or you know someone
that’s being bullied. As a matured person, you know the right thing to do and
therefore you should make a move and fight for what it is good for you and your
environment.
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Bullying should never be tolerated. First, it produces more harm than benefits.
Yes, the one who does this will be happy or might attain some form of please but
the numbers of his/her victims will create larger number of harm. And as they’ve
said, sometimes, even though bullies receive some form of pleasure, it will not
guarantee that it will be forever. Using virtue, we should be friendly to everyone
to attain the true happiness.
Corruption
Government corruption is one of the most never ending issue. I think it applies to
majority of the countries. Corruption is a general issue that is tough to prevent.
This is issue of course is unethical for me. No one would want to steal their own
money; all the taxes that you pay, all the government contributions like SSS,
PhilHealth and GSIS will just be on their own pockets. It is not right to steal the
citizens’ money then use it for the official’s own sake. This issue is known by
almost of the people but still officials continue to deny it.
Government officials became blinded by money and the power they have.
Because of greed in power, they became corrupt. One way that proves that these
officials are corrupt is that their whole family is all in politics. All of them have the
position, making easy for them to get the money that came from us normal
people. Instead of using it to serve us, they use it to serve themselves.
Solution to this issue is to stop political dynasties come one we are not on the
early times of China to have many dynasties. We should not vote those
politicians who hold already a position and we know that they are not helping us
Filipinos and our county to improve. By this solution, we can stop the corruption
in the country and perhaps we can give a chance to those who are new in politics
that is more sincere in serving us and have a plan and motivation for the change.
We don’t know, they are the one who will reach up us from poverty.
Torture
Torture is a way to make those bad people spill of tell the truth, without this
forceful complicity of justice or law may be able to know the truth beyond a
horrendous crimes. But let’s think about the people being tortured, are they going
to tell you the truth or lie just to stop the suffering.
It is necessary to know what is being done who is the real head of every cases a
government is undertaking would lessen the fact that other people were just
being framed up for a crime they didn’t commit. But are you really getting the
right information from the torture victim. These can be view as a very cruel act
but then it is said that it is beneficial in many ways to be truthful and threatening.
Also knowing that there is the possibility of a death sentence gives people the
incentive not to commit a crime. Torture is also a very helpful method of
punishment.
Gambling
Is there anything humanly fulfilling in gambling? And, do gamblers and providers
of gambling make the choices reasonable and respectful to others?
Gambling is not a problem or ethical when it is to recognize and remains true to
gambling's worthwhile purposes: recreation, social interaction and the opportunity
for dreaming and hoping. But being obsess and aggressive to have money to
gamble that is unethical.
Gambling has been universal in human history, and the gambling impulse has
served us well. It is part of "the adventurer within us"-- that part of ourselves
which lusts for change, the wooing of the unknown, chance, danger, all that is
new. It sends us to the gaming tables and the moon, the laboratory and the
numbers man. It is part of what makes us human.
The gambling is indeed harmful to society. This may result to tolerance of
government to gamblers who are having financial problems. But take the note
that gamblers themselves are to be blame to that issue.
Outcome of gambling maybe referred to the gambler behavior towards his/her
act of betting. And this may cause to the destroying the family and causing a lot
of problem to the whole family. Gambling provides pleasure, fun and enjoyment.
In other countries, it important revenue source for their governments. Also, any
people are employed in this industry. It provides jobs and therefore is a source of
income for many people. Gambling becomes unethical if we try to use it to harm
and threaten other people’s lives, and if we begin to be addicted to it. Everything
excessive is not good; we should play it in moderate time and age.
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Are you proud to be Juan?
Are you proud to be Juan? Well of the Juan’s are not. I cannot blame them this
country where Juan lives have many problems and that is the reason why other
Juan do not like to be Juan. If they have a choice to change their being Juan they
will. Some Juan’s does not even look a Juan anymore white skin, blonde hair,
and rainbow eyes. Almost all Juan’s wanted to leave and forget this country.
There are less Juan’s that want to live here and reminder this country when they
already went to our country. And when they came home from other country it
seems that they are tourist of their own land, they cannot even speak our
national language that is Filipino also Filipino is their nationality.
All country have problems that is usual to the world but still its people have a
hope and faith that they can solve those problems and there are proud to their
country. There are some foreigners that want to be Juan and really love this
country.
Juan for all, all for Juan! Philippines is so beautiful, magnificent, excellent,
paradise all words that you can describe to beautiful that is Philippines. I am
always proud to be Filipinos because I am a Filipino. I want to contribute to the
progress of this country, I want to do something that will lift this country and my
countrymen will be proud that they are Filipino.
There is no wrong in dreaming, going to other country have a better life, achieve
your dreams and live in luxury. There is no wrong in being Filipino. Let us be
proud because we are the one and we are the people that want improve so we
need to do it. We are so much lucky because we are in Philippines. The dollar or
any other currencies and things that you send to the Philippines do not measure
being Filipino. Being Filipino is not clothes that we wore or patronizing Filipino
products. Being Filipino is not color, height, nose, hair, lips, weight and life status.
Being Filipino is in our heart always. Let us be proud that we are Filipino by heart
so that others will recognize us Filipinos and we can to the world how proud and
lovely we are Filipinos.
In my Filip11 class we had our final project that is oratory or speech. And it is
about Pilipino San ka Patutungo? At first it is just a common speech for me that I
need to study but when I keep on repeating reading it I got the meaning of the
speech I started reflecting about being Filipino or Pilipino there is a bigger impact
on me than a normal speech. I know that there are big differences from the
Pilipino noon and ngayon. And we do not know no one knows what will really
happen to the Philippines on the next few, hours, seconds, minutes, days,
weeks, months, years and decades.
Here is the Speech:
Pilipino San ka Patutungo?
Pilipino San ka Patutungo? Ang kasahulan mo kahapon ay kasukdulan mo
ngayon kayo mag isip ka isipin mo ikaw ay Pilipino, kahapon ngayon at bukas.
Pilipino San ka Patutungo? Doon? Diyan? Dito? Saan? Dumakilang muli,
landasin mo ang landas ng kahapon. Ang kahapong landas ng iyong kadakilaan,
kabayanihan at pag mamahal sa iyong sarili. Isipin mo Ang mga pinag laban ng
ating mga bayani. Mga bayani nag buwis ng buhay para sa ating bayan. Bayan
nakalugmok ngayon dahil sa kagagawan ng iilan. Iilan na pansariling interes lang
Ang pinairal upang tuluyang makalimutan Ang mga pumatak na dugo para sa
ating kalayaan. Kalayaan inabuso ng mga ganid sa kapangyarihan. Saan na nga
ba patutungo ang ating bayan? May kinabukasan pa kayang nag hihintay sa
atin? Hindi pa huli ang lahat.
Pilipino, ikaw ay Pilipino. Pilipino sa kulay, anyo at dugo
Pilipino sa tindig, puso at sa salita. Pilipino kahapon, ngayon at bukas. Pilipino sa
Habang Panahon!
For me this speech Pilipino San ka Patutungo tell us the story of Philippines and
what is its condition today and we must be a proud Filipino because you are
Filipino in past, present and Future and you are a Filipino forever and always.
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LOVE
“Ang handa kong gawin o ibigay sa ngalan ng pag-ibig” in Filipino
“What I am ready to give or do in the name of love” in English
Are you going all for love? Are you sacrificing and do everything for love?
What I am ready to give or do in the name of love? These questions are hard to
answer when you are not so in love or not sure about your love or maybe you are
so in love and it hurts so much that is why you asked these questions.
For me this question need to be reflected so much, long time to think for
the question, answer, consequences and effects to it to you and to other person.
You cannot get the answer in this question by a second especially if there are
feelings involved.
Also this question is so popular when you are young or old. Young like
High School days, teenager, first love, puppy love, crushes because for you
he/she is your forever, your soul mate your everything, if he/she will leaves you,
you will be like emo hurt your self and do everything to get his/her attention. If
he/she is with you forget your studies, friends, family and most importantly
yourself. Old like 30-50 years old, you are desperate to have a partner, you are
willing to do and give everything to have a partner.
When you are ready to be in love go, if not stop. Being in love is one of the
greatest feeling and doing and giving everything is something that you need to
think, but I guess when you are in love you do not care anymore all you care is
your love one you will do and give everything to make him/her happy although
sometimes it does not make you happy anymore or it hurts you already. Make
sure when you give or do something you really want it; you are willing to do it not
because he/she tells you to do it or because he/she wants it because if that’s
happened everything is nonsense. Give and do everything for your love one so
that when your relationship ends or did not work out you know that you gave
everything that you can and you would not regret it and chase your partner also
be happy and responsible in any of your actions.
“Everything I do, I do it for you.”
Love is so easy to say, but it is very hard to define and explain. Of all the
people, they have their own meaning of love. Some people define love by means
of physical attraction, others through financial capability and some through
emotional capacity of a person. They say that when you are in a relationship, you
have the three factors to achieve to make a lasting relationship.
In a relationship, there is always a trial and error. Trying a relationship
wherein we cannot define the outcome and mistakes that we do not intend to do.
We always want a relationship that is perfect but we are not in control of our
future.
Love forgives. There are so many definitions in love. Once you are in love,
you will not hesitate to give your love, ones a heart is not selfish. They say that
love is giving. You will not expect to receive, instead you will give more. You
cannot count the good things you give because you will love doing it and you will
do the same ways or other strategies to make her happy. Next is, When you are
in pain because of love, it is natural for us to regret the feeling that inflicted us in
pain. We will cry but always remember that when we cry, it will make us strong,
stronger enough to face the reality of life. And lastly, pray for it. There is God
always and every time in our side, the supreme of all, the loving God. The Son of
God that gave his life because of an ending love for us.
What will I do in the name of love? It depends on the situation. Love is a
universal term. We cannot force ourselves in the sake of love. We cannot say
that we will everything and will do this and that, for it is only the situation that we
will get into and will put 100% of effort on it. It is the only time that we will
consider it as love.
In the name of “Love”, the song says. “Everything I do, I do it for you”. So,
I will my very best in the name of love because it is harder to find and we will
make it worth it. Doing your 100% effort to it, will head to succeed. I believe in the
saying “Actions speaks louder than words” because if you keep on telling it, and
you are not exerting effort to it, it will be non-sense. Effort, strategy and patient
are the key to success in the name of love.
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“Never been in love?”
Love? First of all, I want to ask myself if I really do know the meaning of love. I
will say that it is a yes and a no at the same time because I have not experienced
what was Love really is. I mean I really do not know how to be or what is the
feeling to be in love with someone. I do know love but it is only in the platonic
way. I guess it is the love I feel for my family. So, when I first heard the question
or the scenario I am quite confused because I, myself did not really experienced
it so far. Yes, I do know the feeling to have a crush or to be attractive to someone
but being in love is way different than any other love stories. Romeo and Juliet
died because of the love that they shared with each other. If that it is going to be
like, then I guess love is something that you will fight for till the end. If I will look
at it in that way I think I will do everything in the name of love. I do not know what
everything means but I will do that only if it is worth fighting for. For example if
the person I love loves someone else then I will set him free it will make him feel
happy. I know that it is kind of being a martyr but I will definitely do that. I know I
will feel pain but I read from a book that pain is everywhere and it always
demands to be felt. There is a thing called moving on, you have the choice to
still love that someone from afar but there is always a choice to forgive and wait
for the right time to come. I can also sacrifice my life to the one I love like I am
ready to accept a bullet or a stab of a knife so he will be saved. The other one is
that if our families were not in good terms and they really rival with each other
parents then I will still fight of our love. As long as he really loves me and I to him
there will be no hesitation even if my parents will be against in our relationship
because of the rivalry issue between his parents and mine. Of course, they will
curse me but I know they will understand it in the right time that we did not do
any wrong and our only fault is to be in love. And I think that being in love is not
a wrong thing maybe it is something wonderful and like pain it also demands to
be felt. So, everything is all I will do in the name of love not now, but maybe in
the future with the right person that is destined to be my other half
GUIDE QUESTIONS TO BE ETHICAL
James Rachels: Egoism and Moral Scepticism
1. Explain the legend of Gyges. What questions about morality are raised by the
story?
The Legend of Gyges by Glaucon in Book II of Plato’s Republic. It is about
a shepherd that found a magic ring during an earthquake. The ring made Gyges
invisible and he can do everything he wants anytime without being
detected. Gyges used the power of the ring to enter the Royal Palace gain
wealth, power and popularity. Glaucon ask us to determine that there are two
rings one given to a man with virtue and one given to a rogue. The questions
about the morality that are raised by the story why shouldn’t a man simply do
what he pleases, or what he thinks is best for himself? What reason is there is for
him to continue being “moral” when it is clearly not to his own advantage to do
so?
2. Distinguish between psychological and ethical egoism.
According to James Rachels, Psychological egoism is false and confused
also it holds that all human actions are self-interested, while the ethical egoism is
all actions ought to be self-interested and he admits that it is not logically
inconsistent and it cannot be really disapproved.
Rachels discusses two
arguments for psychological egoism. What are these arguments, and how does
he reply to them?
The first argument: If one person’s action as selfish and
another person’s action is unselfish. A person willingly to do what he wants but
there are two classes of exception one are actions that we don’t want to do. And
another is which we do, not because we want to.
The second
argument: since so-called unselfish actions always produce a sense of selfsatisfaction in the agent and since this sense of satisfaction is a pleasant state of
consciousness, it follows that the point of action is really to achieve a pleasant
state of consciousness, rather than to bring about any good for others.
3. What three commonplace confusions does Rachels detect in the thesis of
psychological egoism?
The three commonplace confusions does Rachels detect in the thesis of
psychological egoism: The first confusion is the confusion of selfishness with
self-interest, the second confusion is he assumption that every action is done
either from self-interest or from other-regarding motives and last confusion is the
common but false assumption that a concern for one’s own welfare is
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incompatible with any genuine concern for the welfare of others.
4. State the arguments for saying that ethical egoism is inconsistent. Why doesn’t
Rachels accept his argument?
The ethical egoism is inconsistent because it cannot be universalized. It is
a requirement of logic that we need to be consistent in our evaluations. There is
no way to maintain the doctrine of ethical egoism as a consistent view about how
we ought to act. We will fall into inconsistency whenever we try. Rachels doesn’t
accept this argument because he thinks that it would be unwarranted and we
only need to interpret the egoist’s position in a sympathetic way.
5. According to Rachels, why shouldn’t we hurt others, and why should we help
others? How can the egoist reply?
According to Rachels, we shouldn’t hurt others people because doing
those actions would harm them, and we should help others because to do
actions that would benefit other people is: other people would be benefited.
6. Has Rachels answered the question raised by Glaucon, namely, “Why be
moral?” If so, what exactly is his answer?
Yes because he suggested that we should not hurt others and we should
help others also he just showed the different theories on how to be moral.
7. Are genuine egoists rare, as Rachels claims? Is it a fact that most people care
about others even people they don’t know?
Rachels claims that genuine egoists are rare, and that it is fundamental
fact of human psychology that humans care about others not just about
themselves.
8. Suppose we define ethical unselfishness as the view that one should always
act for the benefit of others and never in one’s own self-interest. Is such a view
immoral or not?
For me it depends on the situation or view it can be immoral or not.
John Arthur: Religion, Morality and Conscience
1. According to Arthur, how are morality and religion different?
The morality is about the behavior, personality, attitudes, and conscience,
right and wrong while the religion is about beliefs to supernatural like God, Allah
etc. It involves prayers, worships.
2. Why isn’t religion necessary for moral motivation?
Religion is not necessary to moral motivation because we decide depends
on the situation, what is the right thing to do have nothing to do so with religion.
3. Why isn’t religion necessary as a source of moral knowledge?
Religion is not necessary to moral knowledge because we need to know
the religion and how it provide moral guidance and we should think which religion
is true and if that religion is the right one.
4. What is the divine command theory? Why does Arthur reject this theory?
Divine demand theory mean that God has the same sort of relation to
moral law as the legislature has to statures it enacts: without God’s commands
there would be no moral rules, just as without a legislature there would be no
statures. Arthur rejects this theory because of what it implies. The actions are
right just because God commands them.
5. According to Arthur, how are morality and religion connected?
According to Arthur that morality depends in part on how we reason, what
we desire and need, and the circumstances in which we find ourselves, then
morality will be still under God’s control. The morality depends on God whether
or not one supports the divined command theory.
6. Dewey says that morality is social. What does this mean, according to Arthur?
It means according to Arthur is Morality not only can be taught but must
be. Morality cannot exist without the broader, social perspective introduced by
others and this society. 7. Has Arthur refuted the divine command theory?
Arthur refuted the divine command theory.
8. If morality is social, then how can we have any obligations to nonhuman
animals?
Take good care of nonhuman by being kind and do not hurt them or show
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cruelty.
9. What does Dewey mean by moral education? Does a college ethics class
count as moral education?
Dewey mean of moral education is both actual and imagined also is not
only possible but also essential. College ethics class count as moral education
because it teaches us on how to be moral.
Saint Thomas Aquinas (The Natural Law)
1. Distinguish between the eternal law and the natural law. How are they related?
For Aquinas, Eternal law is the creation of the supreme rational being
which is God who made everything according to a divine plan. And Simply God
rules the world according to eternal law. While the natural law is moral law that
tells us what is right and good. They are related by a person use both in
everyday living.
2. What are the precepts of the natural law? Specifically what should we do and
what should we avoid?
According to Aquinas, the precepts of the natural law are to the practical
reason what the first principles. What should we do are know the truth about God
and follow his path and what should not we do are hurting other living things like
animals & humans also by not believing to the truth about God.
3. Do you agree that everything in the world has a purpose? If so, can you
discern it using reason alone?
Yes because I believe in eternal law that God rule my life and everything
is his plan.
4. Is all natural inclination good? Why or why not?
Yes because of the natural law change us humans by the challenges,
triumph and experiences.
5. Does the natural law tell you what to do in a particular situation? Explain your
answer
Yes because it tells me what to do, if my actions will be beneficial or not to
me and to other people.
David Hume (Morality is based on Sentiment)
1. According to Hume, how do morals have an influence on action? According to Hume, reasons deals with relations of ideas or matters of
fact.
2. Explain Hume’s argument about incest. Hume said that there is no difference in the relations of ideas or in the
basic facts. The only difference is we disapprove of incest in humans and not in
animals. 3. What is Hume’s point about “is” and “ought”? The Hume’s point about “is” and “ought”, is the last consequence. While
ought is the expresses some new relations or affirmation. This 2 make the
sentence easier to understand.
4. How does Hume explain ingratitude? Hume explains the ingratitude by defining, instances and gave
example. 5. Suppose I say, “I disapprove of abortion, but it is not wrong.” Does this make
any sense? Why or why not? No because it is your opinion and I respect it.
6. Some Philosopher has claimed that arguing from facts to values is not always
a mistake. Can you construct an acceptable argument with a fact as a premise
and a value as a conclusion? For example, what about Mill’s argument that if
something is desired, then it is desirable? Arguing from facts to values is not always a mistake because sometimes
we just need the truth also no matter how good your values there is always a
point that you will lie. And if you say the truth you have values.
William H. Shaw (Ethical Relativism)
1. Explain Shaw’s distinction between the two types of ethical relativism
Shaw’s distinction between the cultural ethical and individual ethical,
cultural ethical tells us what is right and wrong. While the individual ethical is
about right and wrong are relative to individual’s opinion, what she things is
right and wrong.
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2. Why does he reject the second type, the theory that makes morality relative to
the individual? Shaw rejected the second type the theory that makes morality relative to
the individual is it collapses the common distinction between merely thinking
something is right and its actually being right. 3. Shaw thinks the theory that morality is relative to society is more plausible.
Why?
Shaw thinks the theory that morality is relative to society is more plausible
because those who endorse this type of ethical relativism point to the
diverseness of human values and the multi-formity of moral codes to support
their case.
4. According to Shaw, what are the problems facing cultural ethical relativism.
Why does he think it is false? The problems facing cultural ethical relativism some seemingly immoral
moralities have been adopted; polygamy, homosexuality, stealing, slavery,
infanticide and the eating of strangers have been tolerated or even encouraged
by the moral system of one society or another.
5. Does Shaw succeed in refuting both types of ethical relativism? Does the
relativist have any reply? Yes, relativist explains by saying what is right and wrong.
6. Is religion relative to society? Shaw suggests that you ill be a Baptist if born in
Tennessee, a Jew if born in Tel Aviv, and a Muslim if born in Tehran. If so, what
does this imply about the nature of religion? Religion varies depends on the location. 7. Consider Mill’s principle of liberty: You should be free to do whatever you want
as long as you don’t harm other. Is this an acceptable moral principle? Why or
why not? Yes, because I believe in this principle. And it will make you happy and
fulfilled. 8. Shaw says that if it is going to work, a moral code has to be acceptable to
everyone. But how could there be such a code if there are fundamental
disagreements in morality? Is there any way to get agreement?
If everyone gives judgment that will helpful for all humans then the code
will be implemented.
John Stuart Mill (Utilitarianism)
1. State and explain the Principle of Utility. Show how it could be used to justify
actions that are conventionally viewed as wrong, such as lying and stealing.
For Mill, Principle of Utility is the greatest happiness principle, which
means all actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness,
wrong as they tent to produce the reverse of happiness. You will only achieve the
greatest happiness of Principe of Utility if your actions are right and will make
other people happy. 2. How does Mill reply to the objection that Epicureanism is a doctrine worthy
only of swine?
Mill reply to the objection that Epicureanism is a doctrine worthy only of
swine if the comparison of life is precisely because a beast’s pleasure do not
satisfy a human being’s conceptions of happiness.
3. How does Mill distinguish between higher and lower pleasure? Mill distinguishes between higher and lower pleasure. Higher pleasures
involve the use of the intellect and a person is always satisfied that make him
fulfilled or happy. While lower pleasures involve senses like feelings, a person
under this sacrifice happiness and he is always unwilling to do things that can
make him happy.
4. According to Mill, whose happiness must be considered? Happiness that must be considered is the greatest amount of happiness
for greatest number of people.
5. Carefully reconstruct Mill's proof of the Principle of Utility. The Mill’s proof of the Principle of Utility is nothing desired except
happiness. All your desire will make you happy. 6. Is happiness nothing more than pleasure, and the absence of pain? What do
you think? For me happiness is when you achieve your desires. 7. Does Mill convince you that the so-called higher pleasures are better than the
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Yes, it always the best to be happy and be positive in life. 8. Mill says, “In the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth, we read the complete spirit
of the ethics of utility.” Is this true or not? Yes, not only because I am Christian but also I believe in this principle.
9. Many commentators have thought that Mill’s proof of the Principle of Utility is
defective. Do you agree? If so, then what mistake or mistakes does he make? Is
there any way to reformulate the proof so that it is not defective? Yes it is defective in some point like he made all people as one and
decides of all. Everyone have different personality and he did not consider it. Happiness and Virtue
1. What is happiness, according to Aristotle? How is it related to virtue? How
is it related to pleasure? Aristotle said, “that all human beings seek happiness, and that happiness
is not pleasure, honor, or wealth, but an activity of the soul in accordance with
virtue. 2. How does Aristotle explain moral virtue? Give some examples. Aristotle explained the moral virtue by saying that it comes from the two
kinds of virtue, which is: “moral and intellectual. Moral virtue comes from training
and habit, and generally is a sate of a character that is a mean between the vices
of excess and deficiency. Virtue then is a state of character concerned with
choice, lying in a mean. Also it mean, then, and in what sense it is so, and that it
is mean between two vices, the one involving excess, the other deficiency, and
that it is such because its character is to aim at what is intermediate in passions
and in actions, has been sufficiently stated.” 3. Is it possible for everyone in our society to be happy, as Aristotle explains it? If
not, who cannot be happy? Aristotle explains that it is possible for everyone in our society to be
happy, no matter what a person problems there always a time that he/she will be
happy if he/she wants to be happy. Happiness always depends on you. 4. Aristotle characterizes a life of pleasure as suitable for beasts. But what, if
anything, is wrong with a life of pleasure? For me life of pleasure is challenge to us human beings because it makes
who we are and it shows the things that we can do to correct our life of pleasure
based on our desires. Also it becomes a life of pleasure when someone or
ourselves challenges us. And when we need to prove ourselves. 5. Aristotle claims that the philosopher will be happier than anyone else. Why is
this? Do you agree or not? I do not think so. I believe that you are philosopher or not or any kind of
human you are you can be happy, happier and happiest than other people. The Idea of a Female Ethic by Jean Grimshaw
1. How does Grimshaw explain the development of the idea of a female
ethic? Grimshaw explain the development of the idea of a female ethic by
defining it and gives example and broader the idea. He also explains the
development of the idea of a female ethic, beginning in the eighteenth century,
that we can trace the beginning of those ideas of a female ethic of feminine
nature and specifically females forms of virtue, which have formed the essential
background to a great deal of feminist thinking about ethics. 2. According to Grimshaw,what was Rousseau’s view of women’s virtue? Why
did Wollstonecraft attack this view?
According to Grimshaw, the Rousseau’s view of women’s virtue, for
example, women can be virtuous only as wives and mothers. Wollstonecraft
attack this view, he argued that virtue should be the same for men and women.
3. How does Grimshaw describe contemporary feminist thought? What are its
main features?
Grimshaw describe contemporary feminist thought is of course very
different. Most of the formal barriers to the entry of women into spheres other
than the domestic have been removed, and a constant theme of feminist writing
in the last twenty years has been a critique of women’s restriction to the domestic
role or the private sphere.
4. Explain Mary Daly’s view. How are men and women different?
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Mary Daly’s view on men and women different nature is of course a
problem of one believes that the nature of men and women is not something that
is monolithic or unchanging, but is rather, socially and historically constructed.
And a great deal of feminist thinking has rejected any form of essentialism. 5. According to Grimshaw, what is the second major concern of feminist
thinking? What are the two suggestion of each concern?
According to Grimshaw, the second major concern of feminist thinking is
the sort of approach to the idea of a female ethic results, then both from a
critique of essentialism, and from an attempt to see whether an alternative
approach to questions about moral reasoning and ethical priorities can be
derived from a consideration of those spheres of life and activity which have
been regarded as paradigmatically female. The two suggestions by Grimshaw
are first is that there are in fact common or typical differences in the ways in
which women and men think or reason about moral issues. The second
suggestion can be summarizes as follows. It starts from the assumption that
specific social practices generate their own vision of what is good or what are to
be especially values, their own concerns and priorities, and their own criteria for
what is to be seen as a virtue.
6. Explain Carol Giliggan’s work on women’s moral listening. Carol Giliggan’s work on women’s moral listening argued that those who
have suggested that women typically reason differently from men about moral
issues are right; what is wrong is their assumption of the inferiority or deficiency
of female moral reasoning.
7. What is Nel Nodding’s view of female moral thinking?
Nel Nodding’s view of female moral thinking argues that a morality based
on rules or principles is in itself inadequate, and that It does not capture what is
distinctive or typical about female moral thinking. 8. Why does Sarah Ruddick think that mothering is central to morality? Sarah Ruddick think that mothering is central to morality because for her
that the task of mothering generates a conception of virtue which might provide a
resource for a critique of those values and priorities which underpin much
contemporary social life-including those of militarism.
9. Distinguish between the public and private spheres. Why does Grimshaw
attack this distinction? According to Grimshawthe difference between public and private spheres.
The public spheres is the concept on the market defines a realm of public
existence which is contrasted with a private realm of domesticity and personal
relations while the private spheres has been seen as the sphere of women.
10. Are women morally superior than men? Why or why not? Before men are really superior to women, only men have rights to study,
work and can live freely while women are just in house and do house chores.
Then now there are no superior men and women are just equal, women can do
what men can and vice versa. But some countries the men are still the superiors
and the women are just the followers of men. 11. Do men and women have an essential nature? If so, what is it? If not, why
not? Yes men and women have an essential nature like how they respond to a
problem how they handle their self also how they reply to intimacy and show their
feelings to other people and to other sex. Do men and women think differently
about moral issues? Explain your answer. Men and women think differently about
moral issues because all people have different opinions on a certain issue or how
they understand it and how they see it. It always depends on the view of the
viewer men or women. 12. Is mothering or caring for others an acceptable basis for morality? Why or
why not?
Mothering or caring for others an acceptable basis for morality because of
that they can help other people to live and share the morality to others. Helping
and caring other people is always morality. 13. Is there a clear distinction between the public and private spheres or not?
Explain your view.
For men the distinction of the public and private spheres is not clear the
definition and ideas behind it is not really clear. The Categorical Imperative by Immanuel Kant
1. Explain Kant’s account of the good will.
Kant argues that the account of good will “it is impossible to conceive
anything at all in the world, or even out of it, which can be taken as good without
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qualification, except good will. Power, wealth, honor, even health and that
completes well being and contentment with one’s state which goes by the name
of happiness, produce boldness, and as a consequence often over boldness as
well, unless a good will is present by which their influence on the mind- and too
the whole principle of action-may be corrected and adjusted to universal ends.
Some qualities are even helpful to this good will itself and can make its task very
much easier. For without the principles of a good will they may become
exceedingly bad; and the very coolness of a scoundrel makes him, not merely
more dangerous, but also immediately more abominable in our eyes than we
should have taken him to be without it. Lastly good will is not a good because of
its fitness for attaining some proposed end: it is good through its willing alonethat is, good in itself.”
2. Distinguish between hypothetical and categorical imperatives.
Kant conceives between hypothetical and categorical imperatives.
Hypothetical imperatives “in general, I do not know beforehand what it will
contain-until its condition is given. Buy if I conceive a categorical imperative, I
know at one when it contains. For since besides the law this imperative contains
only the necessity that our maxim (maxim is a subjective principle of action, and
must be distinguished from an objective principle-namely, a practical law.) should
conform to this law, while the law, as we have seen, contains no condition to limit
it, there remains nothing over to which the maxim has to conform except
universality law of a such; and it is this conformity alone that the imperative
properly asserts to be necessary.”
3. State the first formulation of the categorical imperative (using the notion of a
universal law), and explain how Kant uses this rule to derive some specific duties
toward self and others. The first formulation of the categorical imperative according to Kant is “Act
only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should
become a universal law.” Kant uses this rule to derive some specific duties
toward self and others “For the universality of a law that everyone believing
himself to be in need can make any promise he pleases with he intention not to
keep it would make promising, and the very purpose of promising, itself
impossible, since no one would believe he was being promised anything but
would laugh at utterances of this kind as empty shams also Universal law of
nature, mankind could her on perfectly well-better no doubt than if everybody
prates about sympathy and goodwill, and even takes pains, on occasion, to
practice them, but on the other hand cheats where he can, traffics in human
rights, or violates them in other way.”
4. State the second version of the categorical imperative (using the
language of means and end) and explain it. The second formulation of the categorical imperative according to Kant is
“The end justifies the means. In general, every rational being, exist as an end in
himself. Rational beings, always be viewed at the same time as an end. ” It
means that a person determination, desire and want or all actions of a person
there is consequences in ending. 5. Are the two versions of the categorical imperative just different expressions of
one basic rule, or are they two different rules? Defend your view.
The two versions of the categorical imperative have different rules
because they have different views and meanings.
6. Kant claims that an action that is not done from the motive of duty has no
moral worth. Do you agree or not? If not, give some counterexamples.
Kant claims that an action that is not done from the motive of duty has no
moral worth, I agree because doing actions that you do not like or you are to do it
is nonsense.
7. Some commentators think that the categorical imperative (particularly the first
formulation) can be used to justify nonmoral or immoral actions. Is this a good
criticism?
Yes because Kant said this “Act only on that maxim through which you
can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”
A Theory of Justice by John Rawls
1. Carefully explain Rawls’s conception of the original position.
Rawl’s conception of the original position is “in justice as fairness the
original position of the equality corresponds to the state of nature in the
traditional theory of the social contract. This original position is not, of course,
thought if as an actual historical state of affairs, much less as a primitive
condition of culture.” For me like Rawl said original position is fairness, purely
conception of justice. 2. State and explain Rawls’s first principle of justice.
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According to Rawl’s first principle of justice is “each person must have an
equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for
other people. It contains the basic structure of society like liberty of citizens,
social structure, freedom and basic rights etc.”
3. State and explain the second principle. Which principle has priority such that it
cannot be sacrificed? According to Rawl’s second principle of justice is “social and economic
inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both (a) reasonably expected to
be everyone’s advantage, and (b) attached to positions and offices open to all. It
means this principle is the distribution of income and wealth and to the design of
organizations that make use of differences in authority and responsibility, or
chains of commands. Also this means that it must be reasonable for each
relevant representative man defined by this structure.”
4. On the first principle, each person has an equal right to the most extensive
basic liberty as long as this does not interfere with a similar liberty for others.
What does this allow people to do? Does it mean, for example, that people have
right to engage in homosexual activities as long as they don’t interfere with
others? Can people produce and view pornography if it does not restrict anyone’s
freedom? Are people allowed to take drugs in the privacy of their homes?
NO, because that is against the law. And for me not only because you do
not interface with others that is already accepted or correct by the society.
2.
Is it possible for free and rational persons in the original position to agree upon
different principles than give by Rawls? For example, why wouldn’t they agree to
an equal distribution of wealth and income rather than an unequal distribution?
That is, why wouldn’t they adopt socialism rather than capitalism? Isn’t socialism
just as rational as capitalism? Not all principle is always applicable, it always
depends on a society or person what they want to do, or decide for their own.
CYBERCRIME AND DATA PRIVACY
SECTION
Cybercrime Prevention act, one the most controversial act in the Philippines and
to the cyber world. And to fully understand the cybercrime prevention act we
need to know why it started, who are the senators and congressmen under the
act, and its advantages and disadvantages to us Filipinos.
First, what is cybercrime prevention act? The cybercrime prevention act protects
vital role of information and communications industries and the need to protect
and safeguard the integrity of computer, computer and communications systems,
networks, and databases, and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of
information and data stored therein, from all forms of misuse, abuse, and illegal
access by making punishable under the law such conduct or conducts. In this
light, the State shall adopt sufficient powers to effectively prevent and combat
such offenses by facilitating their detection, investigation, and prosecution at both
the domestic and international levels, and by providing arrangements for fast and
reliable international cooperation.
Second, I guess it started because of cyber bullying, cyber pornography and
other illegal, misuse and abuse in cyber technologies or within the cyber world.
Our politicians or lawmakers who are the senators and congressmen want to
have an act that will protect and guide us Filipinos in the cyber world.
Third, the senators that made the cybercrime prevention act as a law are:
1. Sen. Tito Sotto
2. Sen. Bong Revilla
3. Sen. Manny Villar
4. Sen. Lito Lapid
5. Sen. Koko Pimentel
6. Sen. Jinggoy Estrada
7. Sen. Loren Legarda
8. Sen. Chiz Escudero
9. Sen. Ping Lacson
10. Sen. Gringo Honasan
11. Sen. Pia Cayetano
12. Sen. Bongbong Marcos
13. Sen. Ralph Recto
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We have 24 senators and 13 voted to make the cybercrime prevention act a law.
Fourth, are the advantages and disadvantages of the act. I believe that the act
have a advantages but there are more of disadvantages.
Advantages
Blogger has its new milestone and
more respectful profession.
You can always ask for good pay, as
your levels of professionalism get high.
Protection against cyber bullies and
similar issues.
Protection against cyber squatters
Protection against child pornography
Disadvantages
Freedom of speech is compromised.
Interference of privacy.
Only positive things must be posted.
Liking, sharing, tweeting or re-tweeting
posts are libelous.
Ability to take down websites without
warning.
The act is divided into 31 sections across eight chapters, criminalizes several
types of offenses, including illegal access (hacking), data interference, device
misuse, cybersquatting, computer-related offenses such as computer fraud,
content-related offenses such as cybersex and spam, and other offenses. The
law also reaffirms existing laws against child pornography, an offense under
Republic Act No. 9779 (the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009), and libel, an
offense under Section 355 of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, also
criminalizing them when committed using a computer system.
The Cybercrime Act Seminar
The Cybercrime Act Seminar was held in the SDA. It started at 8:00AM to
11:00AM. The speakers taught us more information about the Act. According to
the seminar the purpose of the Act is to stop the users that offend other people
by expressing their idea with the use of Technology and to stop cyber offenses
(cyber bullying, cyber sex, hacking and others).
I know the RA 10175 has a positive effects to the Filipinos its just the effects are
more negative. And the positive effects are outcome of the negative. Some of the
parts of the is really helpful, the parts that are not helpful must be edited or
deleted so that all Filipinos will be happy and their no more against the Act.
Storify
Cybercrime
Cybercrime is the used of computer as a weapon according to
www.cybercitizenship.org/crime/crime.html.
There are good and a bad effect on web and one of the worst effects is
cybercrime. Many businesses and corporations around the world is now
victim of cybercrime like hacking, encryption and virus. US Banks and
Microsoft are just some the corporations. And because the victims of
cybercrime are increasing the Republic of the Philippines president
Benigno Aquino III officially passed the cybercrime law. Many Filipinos and
other nationalities cannot believe that the law is passed because for them
it threatens their freedom of expression, privacy and democracy. For many
people this law is now the new martial law, our country is moving
backwards and the politicians just used it to protect themselves especially
Tito Sotto. According to lawyers and bloggers the law is problematic and
unconstitutional. There are more major problems that need to be prioritized
and the new just another waste of money and time. For many users they
will express their expressions, thoughts and feelings as long as they are
right and the law would not stop them for being who they are.
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From: @tonycruz, @FDPascal, @JimAyson, @stateofdnation,
@isupportRHbill, @joelsez, @JojoMalig, @drippingmind, @leezl,
@Rezales, @kapeyosiako, @katantonio, @rpv3, @JericPena, @uin66,
@Ciara_Torres, @GavinGalvez, @iammondoc, @lito_lupena,
@luisaismm13, @audreyomasian, @KhaleesiCallines, @valdesjo77,
@rezafati, @Cybercrime_IE, @securityaffairs.
Data Privacy
For me one of the effects of web is data privacy. Many businesses and
corporations around the world is now victim of data privacy. Apache, banks
and Microsoft are just some the corporations. Now many corporations,
government agencies, social media and other web sites are warning others
not to be a victim of data privacy. Also Data privacy is now challenge to the
government on how they will handle this. Besides other company provides
privacy guidelines for social networking. Other people do not know what is
data privacy and how it runs.
From: @Mindseye_TV, @jfehrman, @sobeqorg, @BYULawTech,
@HEISCouncil, @Mindseye_TV, @Waxtield, @pharmaweb,
@ChattyPatti, @SocialWorldBuzz, @neirajones, @profeesionaunch,
@TheTechFyle, @0x6d61726b, @Information_URG, @AxelTroike.
Technological Singularity
1. How is Technological Singularity related to the convergence of
technologies?
Technological Singularity related to the convergence of technologies
because both of them needs a great mind and capability to create a new idea
that will impact the world on future and will continue to improve, also with the
help of the powerful technology and computers today it is now possible to build a
machine that is more intelligent than us. Likewise both of them have advantages
and disadvantages in human life. The main advantage of the two is it might make
the world a better place for everyone and help us to make our life efficient and
effective. And its disadvantage is when it harms us and it is use to destroy the all
of us or use for the their (Inventors) own sake. Lastly, both on them make big
improvements in short time.
2. Will Skynet ever happen?
For me yes it might happen because now everything is possible with
the help of technology and the people now is really giving efforts to create a
unique robot or system that will be a big impact in the world.
Amy Boyer Case
1. Is there anything new or unique about this case from an ethical point of
view?
There is an ethical point of view from this case. Before the law for Privacy
on the use of technology is not that big or real for all the users, that’s why the
accident of Boyer’s death change everything. And now because of the Amy
Boyer’s law the users are protected and there are small incident that the murder
of Boyer’s might happen to other people but still if you are not careful and put
everything on your social network sites there is a big possible that it might also
happen to you.
2. Boyer was stalked in ways that were not possible before cyber
technology. But do new ethical issues arise?
There is new ethical issues arise, if stalking in ways that were not possible
before cyber technology I think the death of Boyer will be prevented. Before you
can put and say everything to your blog and to the people that you really trust,
but when the Boyer’s accident happened a new law pops out to prevent the
accident of Boyer’s to happen again and to protect users and make liable of their
decisions.
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Stop, Cybercrime bill
Many Filipinos reacted on the cybercrime bill and also some foreigners. From
newspaper, television, radio, Internet or all mean of communication cybercrime is
always on it, everyone talks about it and many people care to stop it.
Those who have filed petitions against the Cybercrime Prevention Law are:
1. Sen. Teofisto Guingona III
2. Journalists, bloggers, lawyers led by University of the Philippines Law
professor Harry Roque;
3. Group of lawyers from the Ateneo School of Law
4. Journalists led by Alab ng Mamahayag (ALAM)
5. Kabataan party-list Rep. Raymond Palatino
6. National Artist Bienvenido Lumbera et al.
7. Technology law experts led by UP Law professor JJ Disini
8. Louis Biraogo
9. Some 250 journalists led by the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines
and the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility
10. A group of 18 bloggers led by famous bloggers "Tonyo Cruz" and
"Professional Heckler”
11. Philippine Bar Association
12. Paul Cornelius and Ryan Andres
13. Bayan Muna. Rep. Neri Colmenares
14. National Press Club
15. Philippine Internet Freedom Alliance
— BM, GMA News
There are 15 people/group that filed petition to stop the cybercrime bill.
As a citizen of the Republic of the Philippines, at first I really do not understand
what is the so popular cybercrime bill, its everywhere and for me it was a law to
protect us on cyber world. Until one day in our IT-Ethics class it was taught,
discussed and elaborated by our Professor Mr. Paul Pajo. A simple law for me
becomes big because there are controversial parts like the liable, the fine and
other cyber offenses. For that reasons I am suddenly enlighten this bill is so
much, so much because it kills our freedom of speech, ideas, opinion and
expression and the war started. Freedom of expression is the most used of our
Filipinos right, from the gossip to the most important issue of country. A very
good example is the rally almost everyday in any part of the country. I contributed
in the petition to stop the bill. I change my display picture to black photo in my
Facebook account. Actually, I memorize and know from the heart the bill as in
the whole bill. I am so happy when I heard that there are lawmakers especially
senators that want to revise the bill and finally the Supreme Court issued
(Temporary Restraining Order) TRO or stopped the Cybercrime Bill. The issued
TRO is a big relief to us. Hell yeah welcome back expression of speech and yeah
there are a lot of bad comments or ideas and any comments or ideas posted on
social media sites. And it makes me think again come back Cybercrime bill,
especially when I read nonsense ideas or ideas shown to hurt others, to keep on
saying against something like government but they did not done anything to
improve it or just to show that hey I have an idea. I want to say to those people
that shut up just do something for our country. As if I done something for our
country.
Cybercrime law petition is like the modern EDSA revolution. Correspondingly the
Cybercrime bill also called as the modern martial law. And if the bill is approved
and becomes a law we will just shut up and the democracy killed by the son of
the mother of democracy.
And now the question is who will protect us from the cyber crimes? Who will help
us when we were became a victim of cyber crimes? And how can we assure that
we are safe in the cyber world?
Can Cybercrime bill protect us from the cyber crimes? Can cybercrime bill be
implemented well? Can cybercrime bill lessens the cyber crimes? Can
cybercrime bill totally kill our democracy or we are just overreacting to the
cybercrime bill? Will the cybercrime bill be a law?
Cybercrime bill will not be a bill or a law if we people of the Philippines are just
responsible enough to our actions, if we people of the Philippines are thinking
before we click, if we people of the Philippines used the cyber technologies
properly. If we Filipinos are disciplined and know what is wrong and right there
will be cybercrime bill. Or there are but there is no liable.
For your Information: The TRO will last for 120 days so it is until January 5, 2013.
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RATED RPG
Hi I am Maria Christina Sofia Gomez, 19 years old, 4th year college
already taking Bachelor of Science in Economics at De La Salle College. I
am from one of the wealthiest family in Philippines my grandfather was a
late senator, my father Diego Manuel Gomez is currently senator and my
mom Maria Regina is Attorney. I am an only child.
I am a 5'5 yes I'm tall that's why I am a part time model. I have
brownish hair that length is until my 5 inches below my shoulders. My body
measure is 29-25-30. I can say that I love my body, for others I am sexy.
My skin is fare color because of my Spanish-Filipino blood.
For others I have the perfect life, I can buy and get everything I want,
I can go anywhere and I have everything that they want. But they are
wrong I have the worst life ever.
I don't have a family a real family, a family that is always there, a
family that will ask how are you, a family that really cares & loves you,
because my parents are always busy on their personal profession. That is
why they do not have any time for me. My parents just give me money
then leave they are always like that it seems that they are just my banks.
They do not even know my feelings or what is happening to me.
Then Mark Angelo Tan he also came from a wealthy Chinese family.
He is taking Business Management on the same university; he is cute,
smart, humble, nice, gentleman and sweet. We started as friends he was
introduced by our common friend Alberto Velasquez then from then we
started hanging out until I feel that I am already falling for Mark, he is
always there for me especially when I needed him most, he listens to me,
he gives me time and makes me feel that I am special. Then one day
called me, are you wearing something nice today? Mark asked. I said no I
am just in my sleepwear. Go change your dress, dress something that is
nice he replied. So I did, I change my dress unto nice then he called again
to ask if I am already wearing something nice and I said yes I do. 10
minutes later the doorbell rang, when I opened the door Mark is standing
with flower. Can you go out with me? He asked. I said where are we
going? He said just say yes. So I said yes I can go out with you. We ride to
his latest BMW model. On our ride I keep on asking where are we going
but he did not answer he just smile. He is so weird during that time. Its
already 10mins of the ride and I am getting nervous and bored.
When we are near to our destination he blindfolded me. I can feel
that he is shaking he is really nervous. He said that never remove the
blindfold until he say so and listen to him carefully. I did not say anything
and just follow all his commands. I can feel that we are in a cozy,
expensive restaurant then he removed my blindfold I cannot see it clear
where we are then I remember the place it is Red in Shangri-La Makati it is
the place where we first met there are red roses petals on the floor until we
reach our table and our background song is I Swear by John Michael
Montgomery which is my favorite song and there are no other people it is
only Mark and me and the red people. I am so “kilig”. Are you surprised?
Do you think the place is good or do you want us to move to other place?
He asked. No this is the perfect place I love this place I replied. Then the
waiter came he gave the food my favorite food. I look to Mark he said that
he already ordered it; we started eating I ate a lot because like what I said
it is my favorite. After that he hold my hand and said from the first time that
I saw you I know that I already love you but I do not have the courage to
tell you how special you are to me because I am afraid that it will ruin our
friendship but I cannot take this anymore I really love you. And if you will
let me I will show and prove it to you every single day. So will you let me? I
was shaking and I do not know what to say and say yes. The day went so
fast then he sent me home. Afterwards there is something that happened,
that is for married people happened, I was surprised I want to stop it but I
cannot. Then it happened again for many times.
Mark sell his laptop because I want a new one, a guy named John
Santos bought it. Then on the next day I woke up because of phone call it
is my friend Alexander Ramirez he said that me and Mark have a scandal,
I was shocked what scandal are you talking about? I said. It is a scandal
and there are 5 total of scandal I started crying and called Mark to confirm
what Alexander is talking about he went to my house he explained to me
that all our love moments have videos. I started crying and he keeps on
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saying sorry. But I cannot stop crying; my mom and dad went home early
that was the first time my mom is so worried both my parents are nervous
and disappointed my dad almost killed Mark. I do not know what to do how
to stop it. There are a lot of messages on text, Twitter, Facebook on
everything. Phone calls it really makes me crazy. My mom went to police
and other government to stop the spreading of the videos. I want to die
already to solve this problem I am so depressed I did not attend school
and stay at house I did not replied to any message and answered any call.
My mom stopped the spreading of videos. I was on news, television,
newspaper, radio, Internet everywhere.
Why Mark did this to me? I trusted him, why? I do not what
happened, why this is happening am I really bad to experience this. I broke
to Mark and started filing suitcase against him and to the guy that brought
the laptop. I want them to be jailed. I want them to be punished and to feel
and experience all my sleepless nights all my burdens I was so mad to
everyone especially to myself. We won the case Mark and the John
Santos was already in jail but still I cannot forgive myself I feel that I am a
criminal, dirty, prostitute and useless.
I know that I need face my problems and conquer it but I do not
know how to conquer it, I do not know where to start to fully recover. Mark
that I trusted most betrayed me. Now it is harder for me to trust other
people again. I need to be strong not for other people but for myself. The
only person that I can trust is God, he can help me through this.
I went to the bathroom and it happened.
I was found dead on the next day. I killed myself because for me it is the
only solution to my problems.
Data Where are you?
I am Ryan Lee the owner of the URFiles some of our files was stolen and
uploaded for free on the Internet. We do not know who did this. Our clients’
will sued us if we did not return their files. This is the end of my company,
what will happen to my family? The complainant said to me. Hi I am SP03
Ramos and I already your story here is the paper and pen put the story
here or what happened. I command to Mr. Lee. Why do I need to write it? I
already told you what happened I need a fast response from you. Just help
he replied. Mr. Lee in order for your complaint to be entertained you need
to write it down, I explained. Mr. Lee started writing then I give it to our
chief and said to wait for 1 month for the investigation. Mr. Lee is so mad,
1 month for investigation? I need it right now. Why it is too long? Mr. Lee
asked. Because we do not have any law that protects us government
agencies and you people through Internet.
Hacker
I am Donna Smith, 16 years old, computer addict and love to hack
accounts of other people or business or any agencies and to steal their
information. I am doing this for fun and so that I can get other people
attentions. It is funny when your works on news although they do not who
you are and to see the faces of the owners of the account that I hacked. I
am part of a large hacking group; sometimes we do hacking and stealing
of data as a business some of our members are studying because of this
job. We only accepts job if we know that they really need our help. I know
that this is bad but I need to do this to support my education and this is the
only job that I know. I will stop hacking and stealing data if I already have a
permanent job and finish my college. For others we are crazy and burden
but for us hackers this is the way we live our lives. We hack government
website so that they will know that their website have a bad security, see
we are really concerned citizen of the Philippines and we are doing it so
that other countries will be afraid to hack or stole data from our country
because they thought that there are better hackers in Philippines.
8 YO FILIPINO
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ERICA
In Tondo, Manila narrow road 200 residents in a privately owned lot. The 200
residents are informal settlers most of them did not finish studies or never been
studied some are criminals there are part of the poorest people in Philippines.
Erica just arrived from school she is 9 years old, eldest from 5 children of Remy
and Don. Don is a vendor of fruits in the market while Remy is a housewife.
Erica, move quickly. George is already waiting for you. Remy shouted.
Mom, I am so hungry can I ate first before I go to George. Erica complained.
No, you need to work do not waste the time and the money that you can get. Go
to George now! Remy said.
Erica did not complain anymore and just go to George like her mother
commanded because she knows that her mom would not listens to her
complains.
On the way to George, Erica is getting nervous because she knows that she
needs to do a job that she do not want.
Erica knock on door, George opened it.
George is Chinese, 55 years old and she is the boss of Erica.
Why are you late? George asked to Erica.
Sorry I just arrived from school. Erica said.
I told not to attend school anymore. You do not need that I give you large amount
of money everyday and school cannot give that to you. George said.
Erica just smiles. George wants her to stop studying and just work for him. But
Erica have a dream, she wants to be a teacher.
Yeah, yeah whatever. Come here faster. Go to Room 4 Kenneth is already
waiting for you. Give your best performance okay? George said.
Yes I will. Erica replied while walking to Room 4 where Kenneth is waiting.
George house is big, it has 10 rooms. Anything that you need is here food,
clothes and money. George is the answered prayer for many here in our place
because of him we have money and can afford some luxuries in life. He gave us
a better life that the government should gave us. Oh the government forgot us
already because we cannot give anything for them and we just a pain in their butt
they are pain in our butt too. They just remember us during election as usual.
When arrived to Room 4 Kenneth is already doing his job. I get nervous again as
I watch his job.
Kenneth saw me and instructed me to come in. And join him. Well I follow him, I
do not have a choice.
Then I started doing our job. We had 25 customers from 3PM-10PM. It is tiring.
This job is the most tiring and dirty job that I know and every experience. If I just
have a choice I would not do this. But my family will die if I do not do this. I am
their only hope to have a better life. All of this is worth it every time I saw them
happy.
George went to our room and instructed to Kenneth and me to go home and he
is just in the living room to give our salary.
Kenneth and me started getting our things and went to living room where George
is waiting.
We went to George and he gave us P1, 500.00 each. And said our goodbyes.
Yes we have P1, 500.00 for one night. We leave George’s place so happy.
Finally I can eat, I am so hungry. I shouted.
Kenneth laugh, come on let us eat. My treat.
Kenneth is 10 years old, he do not have a parents he just with his grandfather.
His grandfather does not know about his job.
We went to a 24/7 famous fast food. Yey I am so happy.
8 YO FILIPINO
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We ordered 1 piece chicken, burger and fries for each. We eat so fast because
we are really hungry. Then go home he always send me home.
When I am home as I open the lights my mother is waiting for me and ask for the
money I gave her P1, 000.00 and I hide the P500.00.
Why P1, 000.00 only? My mom asked.
I do not have a lot of customers, I only have 6 customers. I explained.
Okay. Go sleep. My mom said.
Good night mom.
My mother did not respond anymore.
My father does not know about my job.
My father is the best father that anyone can have, he is a good provider although
he knows that it is not enough for our family, he believes that we will have a
better life, he always make sure that we feel his love and care.
My mother well she is nice every time I have money she always gamble. We her
children just try to understand her because she is our mother. She is always busy
on her friends that make her no time to us.
I am so tired. And went straight to bed to sleep.
On the next day I woke up because of my mom voice she is shouting to my
younger brother Herby.
Herby what are you doing? Stop doing trash. And just go to school. Mom
shouted.
But mom this is my homework I need this today. Herby replied.
Herby is 4 years old, my youngest sibling. He has morning class. And I have
afternoon class.
Herby what is your problem? I asked.
I need to draw my favorite pet, it is my project but I am already late. Herby
explained.
I will do it and just send it to you later. Okay? I said.
Thanks Erica. He happily replied.
I did Herby project I drew dog and named him Bruno. I started getting ready for
my class.
I went to Herby school and search for his room when I found it I gave him his
project. As he saw it I saw his big smile
Thanks Erica you are the best. He said.
No problem, go give it to you teacher. Here P50.00 buy food and eat before you
go home. I said.
He just smiled.
I always had fun when I am in school because I forget all my problems in family
and work.
After school I ate first and went to George house I did not go to our house
because I do not want to argue with my mother.
Kenneth is not yet there. I went to our usual room, room 4. I started opening the
computer. And George came in. You are early today that is good. Do your job
even Kenneth is not yet here.
Then I started doing my job. My customers are usually foreigners. Old foreigners.
Then Kenneth came in to join me.
We did our daily routine.
We had already had 6 customers.
When all of a sudden we heard a loud crash. Then every thing is history.
8 YO FILIPINO
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Police and NBI’s went to George house and arrested all of us.
Kenneth and me and other workers of George started getting our things and
wear it.
I am so nervous. All of us our children age range from 5-13 years old except
George. I do not what to do I just hug other children as the police get us and put
us on car. When I opened my eyes we are already in Police station and started
getting our stories.
George is arrested and he will be jailed for the rest of his life.
I said my story to them my mom got arrested. And me, my 4 siblings and my
father went to my dad’s province, which is Bicol we will leave Manila and start our
new life in Bicol.
The other children started to go back to their old life and study. Kenneth already
found his new parents and he is living in Australia after his grandfather died.
I had a lot of nightmares and problems. I know that I do not deserve it because I
am so young to experience all of it. But I will never give up for my family and for
my dream. I will start will new life and forget all my nightmares with a strength
and faith that God is always with me.
Ideas to solve some of the problems in Philippines
iWater
The iWater is an application that shows the location of places that have dirty
water. With this application you can be aware of the places that have dirty water
and it have information on how to clean the water and other information on how
to prevent having dirty water. Also the users can donate to United Nations (UN)
to be use in cleaning or giving clean water.
Bestowment
The Bestowment is an application that you can donate money to the United
Nations (UN) or any Non government Organizations (NGO) problems that will be
used to solve or lessen your desired problem. Also you can see the countries
and what are their needs.
Mining
The mining is an application that has a village, that village is chaotic, the nature
is already destroyed, no livelihood, no clean water, no electricity, no source of
income and food, the people that live their have life threatening diseases. The
user needs to make the village improve and remove or lessen the problems in
order for user to do that he has tools that he can use and every time his level
increase he will receive additional tools and he can also buy tools. The player
needs to do the task given. Also all the payment made by the user will go to
United Nations (UN) to address the problems of the world also the player can
donate.
iSchool
The iSchool is a virtual school for the places that do not have or scare in
schools, rooms and teachers. The teachers can upload activities, seat
works, home works, videos and exams here and the system will know if
the student already did or watch or read the materials/task given and the
information will be given to the teacher. Also there are live streaming. And
the teachers and students can ask questions vice versa and the students
can see their class standings, task needed to do and records, and the
teacher can see their lessons, class records.
The teacher do need to go to school he/she can just do the teaching that
home. Students can stay at home and can help their parents for additional
income and so that parents will let them to study. There are no need for
8 YO FILIPINO
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school and other school materials and buildings. Only Internet and laptop
is needed so that school is now accessible anytime and anywhere.
I came up to this solution when I watched a commercial from one of the
largest company is giving Internet to rural areas and laptop to children
living on rural so that it can be their source for school works and for
additional information that they need.
Security FID (Filipino Identification)
Crimes are everywhere in our country anytime, no one is excuse on
criminals if they want you to be a victim you will be there victim. The
Security FID is like our school IDs our basic information like name,
address, contact number is stated all Filipinos will be given a Security FID
and all the CCTVs around our country can read or view the Security FID so
it is easier for the Police to identify who is the criminal. Many countries
already have this and it lessens their crimes if we can have this for sure
crimes here will be lessens too.
LRT/MRT Time
LRT/MRT time of arrival and departure is hard and time consumable. You
are not sure when the next train will arrive and when will you arrive to your
destination with the LRT/MRT time there are subscribe time schedule for
the arrival and departure of trains. So you know your time travel and what
time do you need to arrive in stations with this there are less people
waiting and crowded stations and trains. It will be easier of the passengers
and LRT/MRT authorities to have an exact time to have an easier and
faster travel.
UNICare
The Child Health, Maternal Health and Combat HIV/AIDS these are 3 out 7 in
Millennium Development Goals that relates to Health Care.
There are many problems on health care today from one of the richest country
like United States of America (USA) or poorest countries in Asia like Philippines
and India. The rising cost of medical care and health insurance, less budget or
misused expanding of budget on health, expensive, poor quality of health care
and measuring the wrong things the wrong way. These are just some problems
on health care that must be solved or reduce as soon as possible. The major
problem in the health care involves money or budget.
A recent study uncovers the inefficiency of the health care costing system.
Currently, health care costing is done by departments and not based on the
actual resource used by a patient. To make matters worse, some costing is
based on an individual’s discretion. As an effect, there is an improper allocation
of costs. A patient’s bill is either overstated or inaccurate.
The rising cost of medical care impacts the third party payers as well as the
insurance industry. (Pizzi, 2010) Because in order to cut costs, patients and
administrators tend to cut down the health care processes that are significant or
process that if taken away lessen the quality of health care.
To solve the problem in health care that has long been existent, we introduce a
system that supports health care reform. In the said reform, each process in the
health care is evaluated through the care delivery value chain. Through this,
there will be a standard set of procedures and resources that will be used when
dealing with a specific sickness. Also, all processes that do not contribute to the
outcome and only add up to the cost are eliminated. This ensures relevance and
uniformity of health care procedures.
Along with that, an approach that can best be described as time-driven activitybased costing (TDABC) system should be used to accurately compute for a
patient’s cost in each process of the health care. In this system, the sequence
and duration of all health care processes are tracked ---- a deficiency of most
health care systems today. (Kaplan & Porter, 2011) In this kind of costing, the
cost of each resources and the quantity of time a patient spends on the
resources is used to compute for the cost of care.
Our system named is Universal Care or UNICare is a cost management system
that follows TDABC with other functions that will really help the health care. It is a
solution to the health care problems because almost everything the user’s needs
and wants are already here. Calculation of cost is not a problem anymore
because it calculates the exact time and amount of each procedure and tools so
the patient will only pay to the resources that he/she really used no more
duplicate bills, illegal unbundled fees and illegal balance billing with the help of
Quick Response (QR) code, also it is used to capture the time spent by a patient
on a resource, the system uses an ID containing a QR code that is used similar
to a key that starts and stops a timer for the actual time the resource is used. And
through the use of cloud computing, the QR code that is given to the patient is
8 YO FILIPINO
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used to store and access the health information anywhere and anytime they
want. This is useful mainly for hospitals that wish to see the health information
document whenever a patient steps into their hospital. The patients can able to
select the day and time of their appointments and the doctor can give quick
response to the patient by approving or disapproving the request or will give Todo so the patient will not go to the hospital anymore. Moreover the patients can
ask or gives feedback online to the doctors or management. It saves the time of
both parties, reduces cost of the patient and doctor can still monitor the patients.
They can besides monitor and track their condition/treatment, diagnosis, bill and
summary of health information because they can view it if they want.
Our system is apart from the health care solutions found today because it
provides a way for both the provider and the patient to cut cost without sacrificing
the quality of health care. Also, our system takes advantage of cloud computing
which is the trend nowadays. The whole system is built on the cloud, which
makes it easier to maintain and make the accessibility of electronic health care
record possible.
The Cost Management System and QR code are the core functionalities of our
application moreover there are no other functionalities changed since Round 1
we just include other functionalities like the appointments, contact a doctor and
give feedbacks online, can monitor the conditions/treatments and bills and shows
the summary of health information.
This system follows the HIPAA regulations like the data will be given to the
hospital by the patient or by the recommended person of the patient and it will be
stored with security, the patient can choose if he/she wants the questions or
feedback be published in private or public, they have option in they want to know
their condition/treatment because they have option to be informed and engaged
in their care.
We will be collaborating with the health care providers and insurance agencies
by giving them the system for free. If they are interested with the premium
version of the system, they will need to buy and pay for it. The payment for the
premium version will be used for the improvement of the system parse.
The UNICare is a beneficial to the health care system, UNICare: Universal Care
and its end users which are patients and hospitals, because it increases the IT
responsiveness and efficiency, reduce the capital expenditures and operational
overhead and there is a great flexibility when it comes to the transaction that
enables the users to pay in the database parse. With the implementation of the
system, the hospitals, professionals and patients will be able to use the
information in the platform by collaborating in real time and share it without
spending or investing an expensive structure. With the centralized platform, they
are able to access reports, prescriptions and previous medical information
anywhere and anytime.
UNICare Imagine Cup 2011 Semi-Finalist by Pearl Jao, Amandeep Saini,
Krystal Suarez and Larizza Yniguez.
Forum
The forum will be a forum from problems then you can also share
your stories, experiences of a problem and ideas to solve those
problems. Because of the forum it is easier to classify the problems
and many people can think of an idea on how to solve it. If we already
know the problem and who are affected we can resolve it
immediately.
Future Global Educators Project
The FGEP is simply a dynamic Web-Based site that would allow volunteer
teachers or any type of educators across the globe to contribute educational
materials to the less fortunate. Our main goal is to give aid to those children who
don’t have enough resources to transact for primary education. We believe that
every child deserves an equal chance with the world, and so with this site, the
specific moral issue would amend to this predicament or at least lessen its
degree. The particular system will be operated and tested through the WAMP
server that will then be implemented to the web. This is primarily done to give
easy access to its users. The crucial data and the shared information will then be
saved in PHPmyAdmin that would serve as the database or the systems storage.
And lastly it would be coded through PHP.
Future Globa; Educators Project Dell Competition 2012 Finalist by Pearl
Jao, Amandeep Saini, Von Gonzaga and Dei Orate.
Querel
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Gender Inequality is not only for male or female but also for both or the third
sex who are either intersex or are socially deviant in their sexual inclination those
who are in state of being neither male nor female. Many countries around the
world do not accept them as a part of society because of barriers in culture,
religion, tradition and belief. They cannot exercise their human rights like have
proper education, job opportunities, political rights and freedom of speech
because the people normally discriminate them and think that they are burden. It
seems that they are not part of the world anymore.
Querel is a forum for third sex where they can share their ideas, photos, videos
and stories. This app gives them the opportunity to exercise their human rights
and be part of the society where they cannot be discriminated anymore and
accepts them with open arms.
Querel Imagine Cup 2011 Semi-Finalist by Pearl Jao, Amandeep Saini,
Krystal Suarez and Larizza Yniguez.
SupportMe
Last year Philippine education and innovation area ranks a poor seventh among
nine Southeast Asian nations. One of the major problems here in our country is
Primary Education that why I am proposing a system that the primarily goal is to
help the students and schools that offers a primary education. This software
design is called “Support my future.” it will be able to aware the people on what is
happening and how to contribute on helping those schools and students to have
a bright future. Any kind of help is a big help for those needy; help them by simply
donating using this system.
CONCLUSION
I therefore conclude that here in Philippines we have a lot of major problems like
in Education, Poverty, Safety and Security but the root of all the problems is
Corruption. Not because I hate our government or I blame the government but
because the entire budget that is for Education, Poverty, Safety and Security and
other needs of Philippines were all gone or lessen by the public officials. Also the
Government should be the model to us, and yes they are the models for us, as a
result some private individuals did corruption too. So it is not just the fault of the
government but also us Filipinos.
We can address these problems by reading and knowing the laws that protects
us from the problems to be huge and to know our rights. Furthermore, if we are
ethical enough or will choose to be ethical we will do what is good, we know what
is good and will be good to everyone. We would not hurt other people and help
them to achieve their dreams or to have a better life.
Philippines is one of the richest country in terms of natural resources and man
labor but every single day it lessens or disappeared because we humans abuse
it. We do not care to other people that will be affected if we abuse it or if it is
totally destroyed.
It is already Christmas season and Christmas is already here again, Typhoon
Pablo just devastated us and left almost 500 people dead and 500 more people
missing. Many of our countrymen are dying because of no water, food, sanitary,
home and livelihoods. When we start to care of other? When do we start to care
about our future? When do we start to start the change that we long to see?
When do we wake up from all of these nightmares? When Filipinos? Yo Filipinos
wake up and move to help this country rise again!
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APPENDIXES
LAWS
Republic Act No. 10175
AN ACT DEFINING CYBERCRIME, PROVIDING FOR THE PREVENTION, INVESTIGATION,
SUPPRESSION AND THE IMPOSITION OF PENALTIES THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. Title. — This Act shall be known as the “Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012″.
SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. — The State recognizes the vital role of information and communications
industries such as content production, telecommunications, broadcasting electronic commerce, and data
processing, in the nation’s overall social and economic development. The State also recognizes the
importance of providing an environment conducive to the development, acceleration, and rational
application and exploitation of information and communications technology (ICT) to attain free, easy, and
intelligible access to exchange and/or delivery of information; and the need to protect and safeguard the
integrity of computer, computer and communications systems, networks, and databases, and the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and data stored therein, from all forms of misuse,
abuse, and illegal access by making punishable under the law such conduct or conducts. In this light, the
State shall adopt sufficient powers to effectively prevent and combat such offenses by facilitating their
detection, investigation, and prosecution at both the domestic and international levels, and by providing
arrangements for fast and reliable international cooperation.
SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the following terms are hereby defined as
follows:
(a) Access refers to the instruction, communication with, storing data in, retrieving data from, or otherwise
making use of any resources of a computer system or communication network.
(b) Alteration refers to the modification or change, in form or substance, of an existing computer data or
program.
(c) Communication refers to the transmission of information through ICT media, including voice, video and
other forms of data.
(d) Computer refers to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electrochemical, or other data processing or
communications device, or grouping of such devices, capable of performing logical, arithmetic, routing, or
storage functions and which includes any storage facility or equipment or communications facility or
equipment directly related to or operating in conjunction with such device. It covers any type of computer
device including devices with data processing capabilities like mobile phones, smart phones, computer
networks and other devices connected to the Internet.
(e) Computer data refers to any representation of facts, information, or concepts in a form suitable for
processing in a computer system including a program suitable to cause a computer system to perform a
function and includes electronic documents and/or electronic data messages whether stored in local
computer systems or online.
(f) Computer program refers to a set of instructions executed by the computer to achieve intended results.
(g) Computer system refers to any device or group of interconnected or related devices, one or more of
which, pursuant to a program, performs automated processing of data. It covers any type of device with
data processing capabilities including, but not limited to, computers and mobile phones. The device
consisting of hardware and software may include input, output and storage components which may stand
alone or be connected in a network or other similar devices. It also includes computer data storage devices
or media.
(h) Without right refers to either: (i) conduct undertaken without or in excess of authority; or (ii) conduct
not covered by established legal defenses, excuses, court orders, justifications, or relevant principles under
the law.
(i) Cyber refers to a computer or a computer network, the electronic medium in which online
communication takes place.
(j) Critical infrastructure refers to the computer systems, and/or networks, whether physical or virtual,
and/or the computer programs, computer data and/or traffic data so vital to this country that the incapacity
or destruction of or interference with such system and assets would have a debilitating impact on security,
national or economic security, national public health and safety, or any combination of those matters.
(k) Cybersecurity refers to the collection of tools, policies, risk management approaches, actions, training,
best practices, assurance and technologies that can be used to protect the cyber environment and
organization and user’s assets.
(l) Database refers to a representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts, or instructions which are
being prepared, processed or stored or have been prepared, processed or stored in a formalized manner and
which are intended for use in a computer system.
(m) Interception refers to listening to, recording, monitoring or surveillance of the content of
communications, including procuring of the content of data, either directly, through access and use of a
computer system or indirectly, through the use of electronic eavesdropping or tapping devices, at the same
time that the communication is occurring.
(n) Service provider refers to:
(1) Any public or private entity that provides to users of its service the ability to communicate by means of
a computer system; and
(2) Any other entity that processes or stores computer data on behalf of such communication service or
users of such service.
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(o) Subscriber’s information refers to any information contained in the form of computer data or any other
form that is held by a service provider, relating to subscribers of its services other than traffic or content
data and by which identity can be established:
(1) The type of communication service used, the technical provisions taken thereto and the period of
service;
(2) The subscriber’s identity, postal or geographic address, telephone and other access numbers, any
assigned network address, billing and payment information, available on the basis of the service agreement
or arrangement; and
(3) Any other available information on the site of the installation of communication equipment, available
on the basis of the service agreement or arrangement.
(p) Traffic data or non-content data refers to any computer data other than the content of the
communication including, but not limited to, the communication’s origin, destination, route, time, date,
size, duration, or type of underlying service.
CHAPTER II
PUNISHABLE ACTS
SEC. 4. Cybercrime Offenses. — The following acts constitute the offense of cybercrime punishable under
this Act:
(a) Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems:
(1) Illegal Access. – The access to the whole or any part of a computer system without right.
(2) Illegal Interception. – The interception made by technical means without right of any non-public
transmission of computer data to, from, or within a computer system including electromagnetic emissions
from a computer system carrying such computer data.
(3) Data Interference. — The intentional or reckless alteration, damaging, deletion or deterioration of
computer data, electronic document, or electronic data message, without right, including the introduction or
transmission of viruses.
(4) System Interference. — The intentional alteration or reckless hindering or interference with the
functioning of a computer or computer network by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting,
deteriorating, altering or suppressing computer data or program, electronic document, or electronic data
message, without right or authority, including the introduction or transmission of viruses.
(5) Misuse of Devices.
(i) The use, production, sale, procurement, importation, distribution, or otherwise making available, without
right, of:
(aa) A device, including a computer program, designed or adapted primarily for the purpose of committing
any of the offenses under this Act; or
(bb) A computer password, access code, or similar data by which the whole or any part of a computer
system is capable of being accessed with intent that it be used for the purpose of committing any of the
offenses under this Act.
(ii) The possession of an item referred to in paragraphs 5(i)(aa) or (bb) above with intent to use said devices
for the purpose of committing any of the offenses under this section.
(6) Cyber-squatting. – The acquisition of a domain name over the internet in bad faith to profit, mislead,
destroy reputation, and deprive others from registering the same, if such a domain name is:
(i) Similar, identical, or confusingly similar to an existing trademark registered with the appropriate
government agency at the time of the domain name registration:
(ii) Identical or in any way similar with the name of a person other than the registrant, in case of a personal
name; and
(iii) Acquired without right or with intellectual property interests in it.
(b) Computer-related Offenses:
(1) Computer-related Forgery. —
(i) The input, alteration, or deletion of any computer data without right resulting in inauthentic data with the
intent that it be considered or acted upon for legal purposes as if it were authentic, regardless whether or
not the data is directly readable and intelligible; or
(ii) The act of knowingly using computer data which is the product of computer-related forgery as defined
herein, for the purpose of perpetuating a fraudulent or dishonest design.
(2) Computer-related Fraud. — The unauthorized input, alteration, or deletion of computer data or program
or interference in the functioning of a computer system, causing damage thereby with fraudulent intent:
Provided, That if no
damage has yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree lower.
(3) Computer-related Identity Theft. – The intentional acquisition, use, misuse, transfer, possession,
alteration or deletion of identifying information belonging to another, whether natural or juridical, without
right: Provided, That if no damage has yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree
lower.
(c) Content-related Offenses:
(1) Cybersex. — The willful engagement, maintenance, control, or operation, directly or indirectly, of any
lascivious exhibition of sexual organs or sexual activity, with the aid of a computer system, for favor or
consideration.
(2) Child Pornography. — The unlawful or prohibited acts defined and punishable by Republic Act No.
9775 or the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009, committed through a computer system: Provided, That
the penalty to be imposed shall be (1) one degree higher than that provided for in Republic Act No. 9775.
(3) Unsolicited Commercial Communications. — The transmission of commercial electronic
communication with the use of computer system which seek to advertise, sell, or offer for sale products and
services are prohibited unless:
(i) There is prior affirmative consent from the recipient; or
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(ii) The primary intent of the communication is for service and/or administrative announcements from the
sender to its existing users, subscribers or customers; or
(iii) The following conditions are present:
(aa) The commercial electronic communication contains a simple, valid, and reliable way for the recipient
to reject. receipt of further commercial electronic messages (opt-out) from the same source;
(bb) The commercial electronic communication does not purposely disguise the source of the electronic
message; and
(cc) The commercial electronic communication does not purposely include misleading information in any
part of the message in order to induce the recipients to read the message.
(4) Libel. — The unlawful or prohibited acts of libel as defined in Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code,
as amended, committed through a computer system or any other similar means which may be devised in the
future.
SEC. 5. Other Offenses. — The following acts shall also constitute an offense:
(a) Aiding or Abetting in the Commission of Cybercrime. – Any person who willfully abets or aids in the
commission of any of the offenses enumerated in this Act shall be held liable.
(b) Attempt in the Commission of Cybercrime. — Any person who willfully attempts to commit any of the
offenses enumerated in this Act shall be held liable.
SEC. 6. All crimes defined and penalized by the Revised Penal Code, as amended, and special laws, if
committed by, through and with the use of information and communications technologies shall be covered
by the relevant provisions of this Act: Provided, That the penalty to be imposed shall be one (1) degree
higher than that provided for by the Revised Penal Code, as amended, and special laws, as the case may be.
SEC. 7. Liability under Other Laws. — A prosecution under this Act shall be without prejudice to any
liability for violation of any provision of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, or special laws.
CHAPTER III
PENALTIES
SEC. 8. Penalties. — Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Sections 4(a)
and 4(b) of this Act shall be punished with imprisonment of prision mayor or a fine of at least Two hundred
thousand pesos (PhP200,000.00) up to a maximum amount commensurate to the damage incurred or both.
Any person found guilty of the punishable act under Section 4(a)(5) shall be punished with imprisonment
of prision mayor or a fine of not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (PhP500,000.00) or both.
If punishable acts in Section 4(a) are committed against critical infrastructure, the penalty of reclusion
temporal or a fine of at least Five hundred thousand pesos (PhP500,000.00) up to maximum amount
commensurate to the damage incurred or both, shall be imposed.
Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Section 4(c)(1) of this Act shall be
punished with imprisonment of prision mayor or a fine of at least Two hundred thousand pesos
(PhP200,000.00) but not exceeding One million pesos (PhP1,000,000.00) or both.
Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Section 4(c)(2) of this Act shall be
punished with the penalties as enumerated in Republic Act No. 9775 or the “Anti-Child Pornography Act
of 2009″: Provided, That the penalty to be imposed shall be one (1) degree higher than that provided for in
Republic Act No. 9775, if committed through a computer system.
Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Section 4(c)(3) shall be punished with
imprisonment of arresto mayor or a fine of at least Fifty thousand pesos (PhP50,000.00) but not exceeding
Two hundred fifty thousand pesos (PhP250,000.00) or both.
Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Section 5 shall be punished with
imprisonment one (1) degree lower than that of the prescribed penalty for the offense or a fine of at least
One hundred thousand pesos (PhP100,000.00) but not exceeding Five hundred thousand pesos
(PhP500,000.00) or both.
SEC. 9. Corporate Liability. — When any of the punishable acts herein defined are knowingly committed
on behalf of or for the benefit of a juridical person, by a natural person acting either individually or as part
of an organ of the juridical person, who has a leading position within, based on: (a) a power of
representation of the juridical person provided the act committed falls within the scope of such authority;
(b) an authority to take decisions on behalf of the juridical person: Provided, That the act committed falls
within the scope of such authority; or (c) an authority to exercise control within the juridical person, the
juridical person shall be held liable for a fine equivalent to at least double the fines imposable in Section 7
up to a maximum of Ten million pesos (PhP10,000,000.00).
If the commission of any of the punishable acts herein defined was made possible due to the lack of
supervision or control by a natural person referred to and described in the preceding paragraph, for the
benefit of that juridical person by a natural person acting under its authority, the juridical person shall be
held liable for a fine equivalent to at least double the fines imposable in Section 7 up to a maximum of Five
million pesos (PhP5,000,000.00).
The liability imposed on the juridical person shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the
natural person who has committed the offense.
CHAPTER IV
ENFORCEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
SEC. 10. Law Enforcement Authorities. — The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) and the Philippine
National Police (PNP) shall be responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of the provisions
of this Act. The NBI and the PNP shall organize a cybercrime unit or center manned by special
investigators to exclusively handle cases involving violations of this Act.
SEC. 11. Duties of Law Enforcement Authorities. — To ensure that the technical nature of cybercrime and
its prevention is given focus and considering the procedures involved for international cooperation, law
enforcement authorities specifically the computer or technology crime divisions or units responsible for the
investigation of cybercrimes are required to submit timely and regular reports including pre-operation,
post-operation and investigation results and such other documents as may be required to the Department of
Justice (DOJ) for review and monitoring.
SEC. 12. Real-Time Collection of Traffic Data. — Law enforcement authorities, with due cause, shall be
authorized to collect or record by technical or electronic means traffic data in real-time associated with
specified communications transmitted by means of a computer system.
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Traffic data refer only to the communication’s origin, destination, route, time, date, size, duration, or type
of underlying service, but not content, nor identities.
All other data to be collected or seized or disclosed will require a court warrant.
Service providers are required to cooperate and assist law enforcement authorities in the collection or
recording of the above-stated information.
The court warrant required under this section shall only be issued or granted upon written application and
the examination under oath or affirmation of the applicant and the witnesses he may produce and the
showing: (1) that there are reasonable grounds to believe that any of the crimes enumerated hereinabove
has been committed, or is being committed, or is about to be committed: (2) that there are reasonable
grounds to believe that evidence that will be obtained is essential to the conviction of any person for, or to
the solution of, or to the prevention of, any such crimes; and (3) that there are no other means readily
available for obtaining such evidence.
SEC. 13. Preservation of Computer Data. — The integrity of traffic data and subscriber information
relating to communication services provided by a service provider shall be preserved for a minimum period
of six (6) months from the date of the transaction. Content data shall be similarly preserved for six (6)
months from the date of receipt of the order from law enforcement authorities requiring its preservation.
Law enforcement authorities may order a one-time extension for another six (6) months: Provided, That
once computer data preserved, transmitted or stored by a service provider is used as evidence in a case, the
mere furnishing to such service provider of the transmittal document to the Office of the Prosecutor shall be
deemed a notification to preserve the computer data until the termination of the case.
The service provider ordered to preserve computer data shall keep confidential the order and its
compliance.
SEC. 14. Disclosure of Computer Data. — Law enforcement authorities, upon securing a court warrant,
shall issue an order requiring any person or service provider to disclose or submit subscriber’s information,
traffic data or relevant data in his/its possession or control within seventy-two (72) hours from receipt of
the order in relation to a valid complaint officially docketed and assigned for investigation and the
disclosure is necessary and relevant for the purpose of investigation.
SEC. 15. Search, Seizure and Examination of Computer Data. — Where a search and seizure warrant is
properly issued, the law enforcement authorities shall likewise have the following powers and duties.
Within the time period specified in the warrant, to conduct interception, as defined in this Act, and:
(a) To secure a computer system or a computer data storage medium;
(b) To make and retain a copy of those computer data secured;
(c) To maintain the integrity of the relevant stored computer data;
(d) To conduct forensic analysis or examination of the computer data storage medium; and
(e) To render inaccessible or remove those computer data in the accessed computer or computer and
communications network.
Pursuant thereof, the law enforcement authorities may order any person who has knowledge about the
functioning of the computer system and the measures to protect and preserve the computer data therein to
provide, as is reasonable, the necessary information, to enable the undertaking of the search, seizure and
examination.
Law enforcement authorities may request for an extension of time to complete the examination of the
computer data storage medium and to make a return thereon but in no case for a period longer than thirty
(30) days from date of approval by the court.
SEC. 16. Custody of Computer Data. — All computer data, including content and traffic data, examined
under a proper warrant shall, within forty-eight (48) hours after the expiration of the period fixed therein,
be deposited with the court in a sealed package, and shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the law
enforcement authority executing it stating the dates and times covered by the examination, and the law
enforcement authority who may access the deposit, among other relevant data. The law enforcement
authority shall also certify that no duplicates or copies of the whole or any part thereof have been made, or
if made, that all such duplicates or copies are included in the package deposited with the court. The
package so deposited shall not be opened, or the recordings replayed, or used in evidence, or then contents
revealed, except upon order of the court, which shall not be granted except upon motion, with due notice
and opportunity to be heard to the person or persons whose conversation or communications have been
recorded.
SEC. 17. Destruction of Computer Data. — Upon expiration of the periods as provided in Sections 13 and
15, service providers and law enforcement authorities, as the case may be, shall immediately and
completely destroy the computer data subject of a preservation and examination.
SEC. 18. Exclusionary Rule. — Any evidence procured without a valid warrant or beyond the authority of
the same shall be inadmissible for any proceeding before any court or tribunal.
SEC. 19. Restricting or Blocking Access to Computer Data. — When a computer data is prima facie found
to be in violation of the provisions of this Act, the DOJ shall issue an order to restrict or block access to
such computer data.
SEC. 20. Noncompliance. — Failure to comply with the provisions of Chapter IV hereof specifically the
orders from law enforcement authorities shall be punished as a violation of Presidential Decree No. 1829
with imprisonment of prision correctional in its maximum period or a fine of One hundred thousand pesos
(Php100,000.00) or both, for each and every noncompliance with an order issued by law enforcement
authorities.
CHAPTER V
JURISDICTION
SEC. 21. Jurisdiction. — The Regional Trial Court shall have jurisdiction over any violation of the
provisions of this Act. including any violation committed by a Filipino national regardless of the place of
commission. Jurisdiction shall lie if any of the elements was committed within the Philippines or
committed with the use of any computer system wholly or partly situated in the country, or when by such
commission any damage is caused to a natural or juridical person who, at the time the offense was
committed, was in the Philippines.
There shall be designated special cybercrime courts manned by specially trained judges to handle
cybercrime cases.
CHAPTER VI
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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Sec. 22. General Principles Relating to International Cooperation — All relevant international instruments
on international cooperation in criminal matters, arrangements agreed on the basis of uniform or reciprocal
legislation, and domestic laws, to the widest extent possible for the purposes of investigations or
proceedings concerning criminal offenses related to computer systems and data, or for the collection of
evidence in electronic form of a criminal, offense shall be given full force and effect.
CHAPTER VII
COMPETENT AUTHORITIES
SEC 23. Department of Justice (DOJ). — There is hereby created an Office of Cybercrime within the DOJ
designated as the central authority in all matters related to international mutual assistance and extradition.
SEC. 24. Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center. — There is hereby created, within thirty (30)
days from the effectivity of this Act, an inter-agency body to be known as the Cybercrime Investigation and
Coordinating Center (CICC), under the administrative supervision of the Office of the President, for policy
coordination among concerned agencies and for the formulation and enforcement of the national
cybersecurity plan.
SEC. 25. Composition. — The CICC shall be headed by the Executive Director of the Information and
Communications Technology Office under the Department of Science and Technology (ICTO-DOST) as
Chairperson with the Director of the NBI as Vice Chairperson; the Chief of the PNP; Head of the DOJ
Office of Cybercrime; and one (1) representative from the private sector and academe, as members. The
CICC shall be manned by a secretariat of selected existing personnel and representatives from the different
participating agencies.
SEC. 26. Powers and Functions. — The CICC shall have the following powers and functions:
(a) To formulate a national cybersecurity plan and extend immediate assistance for the suppression of realtime commission of cybercrime offenses through a computer emergency response team (CERT);
(b) To coordinate the preparation of appropriate and effective measures to prevent and suppress cybercrime
activities as provided for in this Act;
(c) To monitor cybercrime cases being bandied by participating law enforcement and prosecution agencies;
(d) To facilitate international cooperation on intelligence, investigations, training and capacity building
related to cybercrime prevention, suppression and prosecution;
(e) To coordinate the support and participation of the business sector, local government units and
nongovernment organizations in cybercrime prevention programs and other
related projects;
(f) To recommend the enactment of appropriate laws, issuances, measures and policies;
(g) To call upon any government agency to render assistance in the accomplishment of the CICC’s
mandated tasks and functions; and
(h) To perform all other matters related to cybercrime prevention and suppression, including capacity
building and such other functions and duties as may be necessary for the proper implementation of this Act.
CHAPTER VIII
FINAL PROVISIONS
SEC. 27. Appropriations. — The amount of Fifty million pesos (PhP50,000,000.00) shall be appropriated
annually for the implementation of this Act.
SEC. 28. Implementing Rules and Regulations. — The ICTO-DOST, the DOJ and the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG) shall jointly formulate the necessary rules and regulations within
ninety (90) days from approval of this Act, for its effective implementation.
SEC. 29. Separability Clause — If any provision of this Act is held invalid, the other provisions not
affected shall remain in full force and effect.
SEC. 30. Repealing Clause. — All laws, decrees or rules inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed or
modified accordingly. Section 33(a) of Republic Act No. 8792 or the “Electronic Commerce Act” is hereby
modified accordingly.
SEC. 31. Effectivity. — This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after the completion of its publication in
the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.
Republic Act No. 10173
AN ACT PROTECTING INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL INFORMATION IN INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS IN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR,
CREATING FOR THIS PURPOSE A NATIONAL PRIVACY COMMISSION, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
Be it enacted, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:
CHAPTER I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known as the “Data Privacy Act of 2012″.
SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the State to protect the fundamental human right of
privacy, of communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth. The
State recognizes the vital role of information and communications technology in nation-building and its
inherent obligation to ensure that personal information in information and communications systems in the
government and in the private sector are secured and protected.
SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. – Whenever used in this Act, the following terms shall have the respective
meanings hereafter set forth:
(a) Commission shall refer to the National Privacy Commission created by virtue of this Act.
(b) Consent of the data subject refers to any freely given, specific, informed indication of will, whereby the
data subject agrees to the collection and processing of personal information about and/or relating to him or
her. Consent shall be evidenced by written, electronic or recorded means. It may also be given on behalf of
the data subject by an agent specifically authorized by the data subject to do so.
(c) Data subject refers to an individual whose personal information is processed.
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(d) Direct marketing refers to communication by whatever means of any advertising or marketing material
which is directed to particular individuals.
(e) Filing system refers to any act of information relating to natural or juridical persons to the extent that,
although the information is not processed by equipment operating automatically in response to instructions
given for that purpose, the set is structured, either by reference to individuals or by reference to criteria
relating to individuals, in such a way that specific information relating to a particular person is readily
accessible.
(f) Information and Communications System refers to a system for generating, sending, receiving, storing or
otherwise processing electronic data messages or electronic documents and includes the computer system
or other similar device by or which data is recorded, transmitted or stored and any procedure related to the
recording, transmission or storage of electronic data, electronic message, or electronic document.
(g) Personal information refers to any information whether recorded in a material form or not, from which
the identity of an individual is apparent or can be reasonably and directly ascertained by the entity holding
the information, or when put together with other information would directly and certainly identify an
individual.
(h) Personal information controller refers to a person or organization who controls the collection, holding,
processing or use of personal information, including a person or organization who instructs another person
or organization to collect, hold, process, use, transfer or disclose personal information on his or her behalf.
The term excludes:
(1) A person or organization who performs such functions as instructed by another person or organization;
and
(2) An individual who collects, holds, processes or uses personal information in connection with the
individual’s personal, family or household affairs.
(i) Personal information processor refers to any natural or juridical person qualified to act as such under
this Act to whom a personal information controller may outsource the processing of personal data
pertaining to a data subject.
(j) Processing refers to any operation or any set of operations performed upon personal information
including, but not limited to, the collection, recording, organization, storage, updating or modification,
retrieval, consultation, use, consolidation, blocking, erasure or destruction of data.
(k) Privileged information refers to any and all forms of data which under the Rides of Court and other
pertinent laws constitute privileged communication.
(l) Sensitive personal information refers to personal information:
(1) About an individual’s race, ethnic origin, marital status, age, color, and religious, philosophical or
political affiliations;
(2) About an individual’s health, education, genetic or sexual life of a person, or to any proceeding for any
offense committed or alleged to have been committed by such person, the disposal of such proceedings, or
the sentence of any court in such proceedings;
(3) Issued by government agencies peculiar to an individual which includes, but not limited to, social
security numbers, previous or cm-rent health records, licenses or its denials, suspension or revocation, and
tax returns; and
(4) Specifically established by an executive order or an act of Congress to be kept classified.
SEC. 4. Scope. – This Act applies to the processing of all types of personal information and to any natural
and juridical person involved in personal information processing including those personal information
controllers and processors who, although not found or established in the Philippines, use equipment that are
located in the Philippines, or those who maintain an office, branch or agency in the Philippines subject to
the immediately succeeding paragraph: Provided, That the requirements of Section 5 are complied with.
This Act does not apply to the following:
(a) Information about any individual who is or was an officer or employee of a government institution that
relates to the position or functions of the individual, including:
(1) The fact that the individual is or was an officer or employee of the government institution;
(2) The title, business address and office telephone number of the individual;
(3) The classification, salary range and responsibilities of the position held by the individual; and
(4) The name of the individual on a document prepared by the individual in the course of employment with
the government;
(b) Information about an individual who is or was performing service under contract for a government
institution that relates to the services performed, including the terms of the contract, and the name of the
individual given in the course of the performance of those services;
(c) Information relating to any discretionary benefit of a financial nature such as the granting of a license or
permit given by the government to an individual, including the name of the individual and the exact nature
of the benefit;
(d) Personal information processed for journalistic, artistic, literary or research purposes;
(e) Information necessary in order to carry out the functions of public authority which includes the
processing of personal data for the performance by the independent, central monetary authority and law
enforcement and regulatory agencies of their constitutionally and statutorily mandated functions. Nothing
in this Act shall be construed as to have amended or repealed Republic Act No. 1405, otherwise known as
the Secrecy of Bank Deposits Act; Republic Act No. 6426, otherwise known as the Foreign Currency
Deposit Act; and Republic Act No. 9510, otherwise known as the Credit Information System Act (CISA);
(f) Information necessary for banks and other financial institutions under the jurisdiction of the
independent, central monetary authority or Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas to comply with Republic Act No.
9510, and Republic Act No. 9160, as amended, otherwise known as the Anti-Money Laundering Act and
other applicable laws; and
(g) Personal information originally collected from residents of foreign jurisdictions in accordance with the
laws of those foreign jurisdictions, including any applicable data privacy laws, which is being processed in
the Philippines.
SEC. 5. Protection Afforded to Journalists and Their Sources. – Nothing in this Act shall be construed as to
have amended or repealed the provisions of Republic Act No. 53, which affords the publishers, editors or
duly accredited reporters of any newspaper, magazine or periodical of general circulation protection from
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being compelled to reveal the source of any news report or information appearing in said publication which
was related in any confidence to such publisher, editor, or reporter.
SEC. 6. Extraterritorial Application. – This Act applies to an act done or practice engaged in and outside of
the Philippines by an entity if:
(a) The act, practice or processing relates to personal information about a Philippine citizen or a resident;
(b) The entity has a link with the Philippines, and the entity is processing personal information in the
Philippines or even if the processing is outside the Philippines as long as it is about Philippine citizens or
residents such as, but not limited to, the following:
(1) A contract is entered in the Philippines;
(2) A juridical entity unincorporated in the Philippines but has central management and control in the
country; and
(3) An entity that has a branch, agency, office or subsidiary in the Philippines and the parent or affiliate of
the Philippine entity has access to personal information; and
(c) The entity has other links in the Philippines such as, but not limited to:
(1) The entity carries on business in the Philippines; and
(2) The personal information was collected or held by an entity in the Philippines.
CHAPTER II
THE NATIONAL PRIVACY COMMISSION
SEC. 7. Functions of the National Privacy Commission. – To administer and implement the provisions of
this Act, and to monitor and ensure compliance of the country with international standards set for data
protection, there is hereby created an independent body to be known as the National Privacy Commission,
winch shall have the following functions:
(a) Ensure compliance of personal information controllers with the provisions of this Act;
(b) Receive complaints, institute investigations, facilitate or enable settlement of complaints through the
use of alternative dispute resolution processes, adjudicate, award indemnity on matters affecting any
personal information, prepare reports on disposition of complaints and resolution of any investigation it
initiates, and, in cases it deems appropriate, publicize any such report: Provided, That in resolving any
complaint or investigation (except where amicable settlement is reached by the parties), the Commission
shall act as a collegial body. For this purpose, the Commission may be given access to personal information
that is subject of any complaint and to collect the information necessary to perform its functions under this
Act;
(c) Issue cease and desist orders, impose a temporary or permanent ban on the processing of personal
information, upon finding that the processing will be detrimental to national security and public interest;
(d) Compel or petition any entity, government agency or instrumentality to abide by its orders or take
action on a matter affecting data privacy;
(e) Monitor the compliance of other government agencies or instrumentalities on their security and
technical measures and recommend the necessary action in order to meet minimum standards for protection
of personal information pursuant to this Act;
(f) Coordinate with other government agencies and the private sector on efforts to formulate and implement
plans and policies to strengthen the protection of personal information in the country;
(g) Publish on a regular basis a guide to all laws relating to data protection;
(h) Publish a compilation of agency system of records and notices, including index and other finding aids;
(i) Recommend to the Department of Justice (DOJ) the prosecution and imposition of penalties specified in
Sections 25 to 29 of this Act;
(j) Review, approve, reject or require modification of privacy codes voluntarily adhered to by personal
information controllers: Provided, That the privacy codes shall adhere to the underlying data privacy
principles embodied in this Act: Provided, further, That such privacy codes may include private dispute
resolution mechanisms for complaints against any participating personal information controller. For this
purpose, the Commission shall consult with relevant regulatory agencies in the formulation and
administration of privacy codes applying the standards set out in this Act, with respect to the persons,
entities, business activities and business sectors that said regulatory bodies are authorized to principally
regulate pursuant to the law: Provided, finally. That the Commission may review such privacy codes and
require changes thereto for purposes of complying with this Act;
(k) Provide assistance on matters relating to privacy or data protection at the request of a national or local
agency, a private entity or any person;
(l) Comment on the implication on data privacy of proposed national or local statutes, regulations or
procedures, issue advisory opinions and interpret the provisions of this Act and other data privacy laws;
(m) Propose legislation, amendments or modifications to Philippine laws on privacy or data protection as
may be necessary;
(n) Ensure proper and effective coordination with data privacy regulators in other countries and private
accountability agents, participate in international and regional initiatives for data privacy protection;
(o) Negotiate and contract with other data privacy authorities of other countries for cross-border application
and implementation of respective privacy laws;
(p) Assist Philippine companies doing business abroad to respond to foreign privacy or data protection laws
and regulations; and
(q) Generally perform such acts as may be necessary to facilitate cross-border enforcement of data privacy
protection.
SEC. 8. Confidentiality. – The Commission shall ensure at all times the confidentiality of any personal
information that comes to its knowledge and possession.
SEC. 9. Organizational Structure of the Commission. – The Commission shall be attached to the
Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) and shall be headed by a Privacy
Commissioner, who shall also act as Chairman of the Commission. The Privacy Commissioner shall be
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assisted by two (2) Deputy Privacy Commissioners, one to be responsible for Data Processing Systems and
one to be responsible for Policies and Planning. The Privacy Commissioner and the two (2) Deputy Privacy
Commissioners shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines for a term of three (3) years, and may
be reappointed for another term of three (3) years. Vacancies in the Commission shall be filled in the same
manner in which the original appointment was made.
The Privacy Commissioner must be at least thirty-five (35) years of age and of good moral character,
unquestionable integrity and known probity, and a recognized expert in the field of information technology
and data privacy. The Privacy Commissioner shall enjoy the benefits, privileges and emoluments
equivalent to the rank of Secretary.
The Deputy Privacy Commissioners must be recognized experts in the field of information and
communications technology and data privacy. They shall enjoy the benefits, privileges and emoluments
equivalent to the rank of Undersecretary.
The Privacy Commissioner, the Deputy Commissioners, or any person acting on their behalf or under their
direction, shall not be civilly liable for acts done in good faith in the performance of their duties. However,
he or she shall be liable for willful or negligent acts done by him or her which are contrary to law, morals,
public policy and good customs even if he or she acted under orders or instructions of superiors: Provided,
That in case a lawsuit is filed against such official on the subject of the performance of his or her duties,
where such performance is lawful, he or she shall be reimbursed by the Commission for reasonable costs of
litigation.
SEC. 10. The Secretariat. – The Commission is hereby authorized to establish a Secretariat. Majority of the
members of the Secretariat must have served for at least five (5) years in any agency of the government that
is involved in the processing of personal information including, but not limited to, the following offices:
Social Security System (SSS), Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), Land Transportation Office
(LTO), Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth),
Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), Department of Justice
(DOJ), and Philippine Postal Corporation (Philpost).
CHAPTER III
PROCESSING OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
SEC. 11. General Data Privacy Principles. – The processing of personal information shall be allowed,
subject to compliance with the requirements of this Act and other laws allowing disclosure of information
to the public and adherence to the principles of transparency, legitimate purpose and proportionality.
Personal information must, be:
(a) Collected for specified and legitimate purposes determined and declared before, or as soon as
reasonably practicable after collection, and later processed in a way compatible with such declared,
specified and legitimate purposes only;
(b) Processed fairly and lawfully;
(c) Accurate, relevant and, where necessary for purposes for which it is to be used the processing of
personal information, kept up to date; inaccurate or incomplete data must be rectified, supplemented,
destroyed or their further processing restricted;
(d) Adequate and not excessive in relation to the purposes for which they are collected and processed;
(e) Retained only for as long as necessary for the fulfillment of the purposes for which the data was
obtained or for the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims, or for legitimate business purposes,
or as provided by law; and
(f) Kept in a form which permits identification of data subjects for no longer than is necessary for the
purposes for which the data were collected and processed: Provided, That personal information collected
for other purposes may lie processed for historical, statistical or scientific purposes, and in cases laid down
in law may be stored for longer periods: Provided, further, That adequate safeguards are guaranteed by said
laws authorizing their processing.
The personal information controller must ensure implementation of personal information processing
principles set out herein.
SEC. 12. Criteria for Lawful Processing of Personal Information. – The processing of personal information
shall be permitted only if not otherwise prohibited by law, and when at least one of the following
conditions exists:
(a) The data subject has given his or her consent;
(b) The processing of personal information is necessary and is related to the fulfillment of a contract with
the data subject or in order to take steps at the request of the data subject prior to entering into a contract;
(c) The processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which the personal information
controller is subject;
(d) The processing is necessary to protect vitally important interests of the data subject, including life and
health;
(e) The processing is necessary in order to respond to national emergency, to comply with the requirements
of public order and safety, or to fulfill functions of public authority which necessarily includes the
processing of personal data for the fulfillment of its mandate; or
(f) The processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by the personal
information controller or by a third party or parties to whom the data is disclosed, except where such
interests are overridden by fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection
under the Philippine Constitution.
SEC. 13. Sensitive Personal Information and Privileged Information. – The processing of sensitive
personal information and privileged information shall be prohibited, except in the following cases:
(a) The data subject has given his or her consent, specific to the purpose prior to the processing, or in the
case of privileged information, all parties to the exchange have given their consent prior to processing;
(b) The processing of the same is provided for by existing laws and regulations: Provided, That such
regulatory enactments guarantee the protection of the sensitive personal information and the privileged
information: Provided, further, That the consent of the data subjects are not required by law or regulation
permitting the processing of the sensitive personal information or the privileged information;
(c) The processing is necessary to protect the life and health of the data subject or another person, and the
data subject is not legally or physically able to express his or her consent prior to the processing;
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(d) The processing is necessary to achieve the lawful and noncommercial objectives of public organizations
and their associations: Provided, That such processing is only confined and related to the bona fide
members of these organizations or their associations: Provided, further, That the sensitive personal
information are not transferred to third parties: Provided, finally, That consent of the data subject was
obtained prior to processing;
(e) The processing is necessary for purposes of medical treatment, is carried out by a medical practitioner
or a medical treatment institution, and an adequate level of protection of personal information is ensured; or
(f) The processing concerns such personal information as is necessary for the protection of lawful rights
and interests of natural or legal persons in court proceedings, or the establishment, exercise or defense of
legal claims, or when provided to government or public authority.
SEC. 14. Subcontract of Personal Information. – A personal information controller may subcontract the
processing of personal information: Provided, That the personal information controller shall be responsible
for ensuring that proper safeguards are in place to ensure the confidentiality of the personal information
processed, prevent its use for unauthorized purposes, and generally, comply with the requirements of this
Act and other laws for processing of personal information. The personal information processor shall
comply with all the requirements of this Act and other applicable laws.
SEC. 15. Extension of Privileged Communication. – Personal information controllers may invoke the
principle of privileged communication over privileged information that they lawfully control or process.
Subject to existing laws and regulations, any evidence gathered on privileged information is inadmissible.
CHAPTER IV
RIGHTS OF THE DATA SUBJECT
SEC. 16. Rights of the Data Subject. – The data subject is entitled to:
(a) Be informed whether personal information pertaining to him or her shall be, are being or have been
processed;
(b) Be furnished the information indicated hereunder before the entry of his or her personal information
into the processing system of the personal information controller, or at the next practical opportunity:
(1) Description of the personal information to be entered into the system;
(2) Purposes for which they are being or are to be processed;
(3) Scope and method of the personal information processing;
(4) The recipients or classes of recipients to whom they are or may be disclosed;
(5) Methods utilized for automated access, if the same is allowed by the data subject, and the extent to
which such access is authorized;
(6) The identity and contact details of the personal information controller or its representative;
(7) The period for which the information will be stored; and
(8) The existence of their rights, i.e., to access, correction, as well as the right to lodge a complaint before
the Commission.
Any information supplied or declaration made to the data subject on these matters shall not be amended
without prior notification of data subject: Provided, That the notification under subsection (b) shall not
apply should the personal information be needed pursuant to a subpoena or when the collection and
processing are for obvious purposes, including when it is necessary for the performance of or in relation to
a contract or service or when necessary or desirable in the context of an employer-employee relationship,
between the collector and the data subject, or when the information is being collected and processed as a
result of legal obligation;
(c) Reasonable access to, upon demand, the following:
(1) Contents of his or her personal information that were processed;
(2) Sources from which personal information were obtained;
(3) Names and addresses of recipients of the personal information;
(4) Manner by which such data were processed;
(5) Reasons for the disclosure of the personal information to recipients;
(6) Information on automated processes where the data will or likely to be made as the sole basis for any
decision significantly affecting or will affect the data subject;
(7) Date when his or her personal information concerning the data subject were last accessed and modified;
and
(8) The designation, or name or identity and address of the personal information controller;
(d) Dispute the inaccuracy or error in the personal information and have the personal information controller
correct it immediately and accordingly, unless the request is vexatious or otherwise unreasonable. If the
personal information have been corrected, the personal information controller shall ensure the accessibility
of both the new and the retracted information and the simultaneous receipt of the new and the retracted
information by recipients thereof: Provided, That the third parties who have previously received such
processed personal information shall he informed of its inaccuracy and its rectification upon reasonable
request of the data subject;
(e) Suspend, withdraw or order the blocking, removal or destruction of his or her personal information from
the personal information controller’s filing system upon discovery and substantial proof that the personal
information are incomplete, outdated, false, unlawfully obtained, used for unauthorized purposes or are no
longer necessary for the purposes for which they were collected. In this case, the personal information
controller may notify third parties who have previously received such processed personal information; and
(f) Be indemnified for any damages sustained due to such inaccurate, incomplete, outdated, false,
unlawfully obtained or unauthorized use of personal information.
SEC. 17. Transmissibility of Rights of the Data Subject. – The lawful heirs and assigns of the data subject
may invoke the rights of the data subject for, which he or she is an heir or assignee at any time after the
death of the data subject or when the data subject is incapacitated or incapable of exercising the rights as
enumerated in the immediately preceding section.
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SEC. 18. Right to Data Portability. – The data subject shall have the right, where personal information is
processed by electronic means and in a structured and commonly used format, to obtain from the personal
information controller a copy of data undergoing processing in an electronic or structured format, which is
commonly used and allows for further use by the data subject. The Commission may specify the electronic
format referred to above, as well as the technical standards, modalities and procedures for their transfer.
SEC. 19. Non-Applicability. – The immediately preceding sections are not applicable if the processed
personal information are used only for the needs of scientific and statistical research and, on the basis of
such, no activities are carried out and no decisions are taken regarding the data subject: Provided, That the
personal information shall be held under strict confidentiality and shall be used only for the declared
purpose. Likewise, the immediately preceding sections are not applicable to processing of personal
information gathered for the purpose of investigations in relation to any criminal, administrative or tax
liabilities of a data subject.
CHAPTER V
SECURITY OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
SEC. 20. Security of Personal Information. – (a) The personal information controller must implement
reasonable and appropriate organizational, physical and technical measures intended for the protection of
personal information against any accidental or unlawful destruction, alteration and disclosure, as well as
against any other unlawful processing.
(b) The personal information controller shall implement reasonable and appropriate measures to protect
personal information against natural dangers such as accidental loss or destruction, and human dangers
such as unlawful access, fraudulent misuse, unlawful destruction, alteration and contamination.
(c) The determination of the appropriate level of security under this section must take into account the
nature of the personal information to be protected, the risks represented by the processing, the size of the
organization and complexity of its operations, current data privacy best practices and the cost of security
implementation. Subject to guidelines as the Commission may issue from time to time, the measures
implemented must include:
(1) Safeguards to protect its computer network against accidental, unlawful or unauthorized usage or
interference with or hindering of their functioning or availability;
(2) A security policy with respect to the processing of personal information;
(3) A process for identifying and accessing reasonably foreseeable vulnerabilities in its computer networks,
and for taking preventive, corrective and mitigating action against security incidents that can lead to a
security breach; and
(4) Regular monitoring for security breaches and a process for taking preventive, corrective and mitigating
action against security incidents that can lead to a security breach.
(d) The personal information controller must further ensure that third parties processing personal
information on its behalf shall implement the security measures required by this provision.
(e) The employees, agents or representatives of a personal information controller who are involved in the
processing of personal information shall operate and hold personal information under strict confidentiality
if the personal information are not intended for public disclosure. This obligation shall continue even after
leaving the public service, transfer to another position or upon termination of employment or contractual
relations.
(f) The personal information controller shall promptly notify the Commission and affected data subjects
when sensitive personal information or other information that may, under the circumstances, be used to
enable identity fraud are reasonably believed to have been acquired by an unauthorized person, and the
personal information controller or the Commission believes (bat such unauthorized acquisition is likely to
give rise to a real risk of serious harm to any affected data subject. The notification shall at least describe
the nature of the breach, the sensitive personal information possibly involved, and the measures taken by
the entity to address the breach. Notification may be delayed only to the extent necessary to determine the
scope of the breach, to prevent further disclosures, or to restore reasonable integrity to the information and
communications system.
(1) In evaluating if notification is unwarranted, the Commission may take into account compliance by the
personal information controller with this section and existence of good faith in the acquisition of personal
information.
(2) The Commission may exempt a personal information controller from notification where, in its
reasonable judgment, such notification would not be in the public interest or in the interests of the affected
data subjects.
(3) The Commission may authorize postponement of notification where it may hinder the progress of a
criminal investigation related to a serious breach.
CHAPTER VI
ACCOUNTABILITY FOR TRANSFER OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
SEC. 21. Principle of Accountability. – Each personal information controller is responsible for personal
information under its control or custody, including information that have been transferred to a third party
for processing, whether domestically or internationally, subject to cross-border arrangement and
cooperation.
(a) The personal information controller is accountable for complying with the requirements of this Act and
shall use contractual or other reasonable means to provide a comparable level of protection while the
information are being processed by a third party.
(b) The personal information controller shall designate an individual or individuals who are accountable for
the organization’s compliance with this Act. The identity of the individual(s) so designated shall be made
known to any data subject upon request.
CHAPTER VII
SECURITY OF SENSITIVE PERSONAL
INFORMATION IN GOVERNMENT
SEC 22. Responsibility of Heads of Agencies. – All sensitive personal information maintained by the
government, its agencies and instrumentalities shall be secured, as far as practicable, with the use of the
most appropriate standard recognized by the information and communications technology industry, and as
recommended by the Commission. The head of each government agency or instrumentality shall be
responsible for complying with the security requirements mentioned herein while the Commission shall
monitor the compliance and may recommend the necessary action in order to satisfy the minimum
standards.
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SEC. 23. Requirements Relating to Access by Agency Personnel to Sensitive Personal Information. – (a)
On-site and Online Access – Except as may be allowed through guidelines to be issued by the Commission,
no employee of the government shall have access to sensitive personal information on government property
or through online facilities unless the employee has received a security clearance from the head of the
source agency.
(b) Off-site Access – Unless otherwise provided in guidelines to be issued by the Commission, sensitive
personal information maintained by an agency may not be transported or accessed from a location off
government property unless a request for such transportation or access is submitted and approved by the
head of the agency in accordance with the following guidelines:
(1) Deadline for Approval or Disapproval – In the case of any request submitted to the head of an agency,
such head of the agency shall approve or disapprove the request within two (2) business days after the date
of submission of the request. In case there is no action by the head of the agency, then such request is
considered disapproved;
(2) Limitation to One thousand (1,000) Records – If a request is approved, the head of the agency shall
limit the access to not more than one thousand (1,000) records at a time; and
(3) Encryption – Any technology used to store, transport or access sensitive personal information for
purposes of off-site access approved under this subsection shall be secured by the use of the most secure
encryption standard recognized by the Commission.
The requirements of this subsection shall be implemented not later than six (6) months after the date of the
enactment of this Act.
SEC. 24. Applicability to Government Contractors. – In entering into any contract that may involve
accessing or requiring sensitive personal information from one thousand (1,000) or more individuals, an
agency shall require a contractor and its employees to register their personal information processing system
with the Commission in accordance with this Act and to comply with the other provisions of this Act
including the immediately preceding section, in the same manner as agencies and government employees
comply with such requirements.
CHAPTER VIII
PENALTIES
SEC. 25. Unauthorized Processing of Personal Information and Sensitive Personal Information. – (a) The
unauthorized processing of personal information shall be penalized by imprisonment ranging from one (1)
year to three (3) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not
more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who process personal
information without the consent of the data subject, or without being authorized under this Act or any
existing law.
(b) The unauthorized processing of personal sensitive information shall be penalized by imprisonment
ranging from three (3) years to six (6) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos
(Php500,000.00) but not more than Four million pesos (Php4,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who
process personal information without the consent of the data subject, or without being authorized under this
Act or any existing law.
SEC. 26. Accessing Personal Information and Sensitive Personal Information Due to Negligence. – (a)
Accessing personal information due to negligence shall be penalized by imprisonment ranging from one (1)
year to three (3) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not
more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who, due to negligence,
provided access to personal information without being authorized under this Act or any existing law.
(b) Accessing sensitive personal information due to negligence shall be penalized by imprisonment ranging
from three (3) years to six (6) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos
(Php500,000.00) but not more than Four million pesos (Php4,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons
who, due to negligence, provided access to personal information without being authorized under this Act or
any existing law.
SEC. 27. Improper Disposal of Personal Information and Sensitive Personal Information. – (a) The
improper disposal of personal information shall be penalized by imprisonment ranging from six (6) months
to two (2) years and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) but not more than
Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who knowingly or negligently
dispose, discard or abandon the personal information of an individual in an area accessible to the public or
has otherwise placed the personal information of an individual in its container for trash collection.
b) The improper disposal of sensitive personal information shall be penalized by imprisonment ranging
from one (1) year to three (3) years and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos
(Php100,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who
knowingly or negligently dispose, discard or abandon the personal information of an individual in an area
accessible to the public or has otherwise placed the personal information of an individual in its container
for trash collection.
SEC. 28. Processing of Personal Information and Sensitive Personal Information for Unauthorized
Purposes. – The processing of personal information for unauthorized purposes shall be penalized by
imprisonment ranging from one (1) year and six (6) months to five (5) years and a fine of not less than Five
hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) shall be
imposed on persons processing personal information for purposes not authorized by the data subject, or
otherwise authorized under this Act or under existing laws.
The processing of sensitive personal information for unauthorized purposes shall be penalized by
imprisonment ranging from two (2) years to seven (7) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred
thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) shall be imposed
on persons processing sensitive personal information for purposes not authorized by the data subject, or
otherwise authorized under this Act or under existing laws.
SEC. 29. Unauthorized Access or Intentional Breach. – The penalty of imprisonment ranging from one (1)
year to three (3) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not
more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) shall be imposed on persons who knowingly and
unlawfully, or violating data confidentiality and security data systems, breaks in any way into any system
where personal and sensitive personal information is stored.
SEC. 30. Concealment of Security Breaches Involving Sensitive Personal Information. – The penalty of
imprisonment of one (1) year and six (6) months to five (5) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred
thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) shall be imposed
on persons who, after having knowledge of a security breach and of the obligation to notify the
Commission pursuant to Section 20(f), intentionally or by omission conceals the fact of such security
breach.
SEC. 31. Malicious Disclosure. – Any personal information controller or personal information processor or
any of its officials, employees or agents, who, with malice or in bad faith, discloses unwarranted or false
information relative to any personal information or personal sensitive information obtained by him or her,
shall be subject to imprisonment ranging from one (1) year and six (6) months to five (5) years and a fine of
not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos
(Php1,000,000.00).
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SEC. 32. Unauthorized Disclosure. – (a) Any personal information controller or personal information
processor or any of its officials, employees or agents, who discloses to a third party personal information
not covered by the immediately preceding section without the consent of the data subject, shall he subject
to imprisonment ranging from one (1) year to three (3) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred
thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00).
(b) Any personal information controller or personal information processor or any of its officials, employees
or agents, who discloses to a third party sensitive personal information not covered by the immediately
preceding section without the consent of the data subject, shall be subject to imprisonment ranging from
three (3) years to five (5) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00)
but not more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00).
SEC. 33. Combination or Series of Acts. – Any combination or series of acts as defined in Sections 25 to 32
shall make the person subject to imprisonment ranging from three (3) years to six (6) years and a fine of not
less than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) but not more than Five million pesos (Php5,000,000.00).
SEC. 34. Extent of Liability. – If the offender is a corporation, partnership or any juridical person, the
penalty shall be imposed upon the responsible officers, as the case may be, who participated in, or by their
gross negligence, allowed the commission of the crime. If the offender is a juridical person, the court may
suspend or revoke any of its rights under this Act. If the offender is an alien, he or she shall, in addition to
the penalties herein prescribed, be deported without further proceedings after serving the penalties
prescribed. If the offender is a public official or employee and lie or she is found guilty of acts penalized
under Sections 27 and 28 of this Act, he or she shall, in addition to the penalties prescribed herein, suffer
perpetual or temporary absolute disqualification from office, as the case may be.
SEC. 35. Large-Scale. – The maximum penalty in the scale of penalties respectively provided for the
preceding offenses shall be imposed when the personal information of at least one hundred (100) persons is
harmed, affected or involved as the result of the above mentioned actions.
SEC. 36. Offense Committed by Public Officer. – When the offender or the person responsible for the
offense is a public officer as defined in the Administrative Code of the Philippines in the exercise of his or
her duties, an accessory penalty consisting in the disqualification to occupy public office for a term double
the term of criminal penalty imposed shall he applied.
SEC. 37. Restitution. – Restitution for any aggrieved party shall be governed by the provisions of the New
Civil Code.
CHAPTER IX
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
SEC. 38. Interpretation. – Any doubt in the interpretation of any provision of this Act shall be liberally
interpreted in a manner mindful of the rights and interests of the individual about whom personal
information is processed.
SEC. 39. Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR). – Within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this
Act, the Commission shall promulgate the rules and regulations to effectively implement the provisions of
this Act.
SEC. 40. Reports and Information. – The Commission shall annually report to the President and Congress
on its activities in carrying out the provisions of this Act. The Commission shall undertake whatever efforts
it may determine to be necessary or appropriate to inform and educate the public of data privacy, data
protection and fair information rights and responsibilities.
SEC. 41. Appropriations Clause. – The Commission shall be provided with an initial appropriation of
Twenty million pesos (Php20,000,000.00) to be drawn from the national government. Appropriations for
the succeeding years shall be included in the General Appropriations Act. It shall likewise receive Ten
million pesos (Php10,000,000.00) per year for five (5) years upon implementation of this Act drawn from
the national government.
SEC. 42. Transitory Provision. – Existing industries, businesses and offices affected by the implementation
of this Act shall be given one (1) year transitory period from the effectivity of the IRR or such other period
as may be determined by the Commission, to comply with the requirements of this Act.
In case that the DICT has not yet been created by the time the law takes full force and effect, the National
Privacy Commission shall be attached to the Office of the President.
SEC. 43. Separability Clause. – If any provision or part hereof is held invalid or unconstitutional, the
remainder of the law or the provision not otherwise affected shall remain valid and subsisting.
SEC. 44. Repealing Clause. – The provision of Section 7 of Republic Act No. 9372, otherwise known as
the “Human Security Act of 2007″, is hereby amended. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act,
all other laws, decrees, executive orders, proclamations and administrative regulations or parts thereof
inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
SEC. 45. Effectivity Clause. – This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in at least two
(2) national newspapers of general circulation.
Republic Act No. 9775
AN ACT DEFINING THE CRIME OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY, PRESCRIBING PENALTIES
THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:
Section 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009."
Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation building and
shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, emotional, psychological and social
well-being. Towards this end, the State shall:
(a) Guarantee the fundamental rights of every child from all forms of neglect, cruelty and other conditions
prejudicial to his/her development;
(b) Protect every child from all forms of exploitation and abuse including, but not limited to:
(1) the use of a child in pornographic performances and materials; and
(2) the inducement or coercion of a child to engage or be involved in pornography through whatever
means; and
(c) Comply with international treaties to which the Philippines is a signatory or a State party concerning the
rights of children which include, but not limited to, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Optional
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Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child
Prostitution and Child Pornography, the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No.182 on the
Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor and the Convention Against Transnational Organized
Crime.
Section 3. Definition of Terms. (a) "Child" refers to a person below eighteen (18) years of age or over, but is unable to fully take care of
himself/herself from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental
disability or condition.
For the purpose of this Act, a child shall also refer to:
(1) a person regardless of age who is presented, depicted or portrayed as a child as defined herein; and
(2) computer-generated, digitally or manually crafted images or graphics of a person who is represented or
who is made to appear to be a child as defined herein.
(b) "Child pornography" refers to any representation, whether visual, audio, or written combination thereof,
by electronic, mechanical, digital, optical, magnetic or any other means, of child engaged or involved in
real or simulated explicit sexual activities.
(c) "Explicit Sexual Activity" includes actual or simulated (1) As to form:
(i) sexual intercourse or lascivious act including, but not limited to, contact involving genital to genital, oral
to genital, anal to genital, or oral to anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex;
(2) bestiality;
(3) masturbation;
(4) sadistic or masochistic abuse;
(5) lascivious exhibition of the genitals, buttocks, breasts, pubic area and/or anus; or
(6) use of any object or instrument for lascivious acts
(d) "Internet address" refers to a website, bulletin board service, internet chat room or news group, or any
other internet or shared network protocol address.
(e) "Internet cafe or kiosk" refers to an establishment that offers or proposes to offer services to the public
for the use of its computer/s or computer system for the purpose of accessing the internet, computer games
or related services.
(f) "Internet content host" refers to a person who hosts or who proposes to host internet content in the
Philippines.
(g) "Internet service provider (ISP)" refers to a person or entity that supplies or proposes to supply, an
internet carriage service to the public.
(h) "Grooming" refers to the act of preparing a child or someone who the offender believes to be a child for
sexual activity or sexual relationship by communicating any form of child pornography. It includes online
enticement or enticement through any other means.
(i) "Luring" refers to the act of communicating, by means of a computer system, with a child or someone
who the offender believes to be a child for the purpose of facilitating the commission of sexual activity or
production of any form of child pornography.(2) Bestiality;
(j) "Pandering" refers to the act of offering, advertising, promoting, representing or distributing through any
means any material or purported material that is intended to cause another to believe that the material or
purported material contains any form of child pornography, regardless of the actual content of the material
or purported material.
(k) "Person" refers to any natural or juridical entity.
Section 4. Unlawful or Prohibited Acts. - It shall be unlawful for any person:
(a) To hire, employ, use, persuade, induce or coerce a child to perform in the creation or production of any
form of child pornography;
(b) To produce, direct, manufacture or create any form of child pornography;
(c) To publish offer, transmit, sell, distribute, broadcast, advertise, promote, export or import any form of
child pornography;
(d) To possess any form of child pornography with the intent to sell, distribute, publish, or broadcast:
Provided. That possession of three (3) or more articles of child pornography of the same form shall be
prima facie evidence of the intent to sell, distribute, publish or broadcast;
(e) To knowingly, willfully and intentionally provide a venue for the commission of prohibited acts as, but
not limited to, dens, private rooms, cubicles, cinemas, houses or in establishments purporting to be a
legitimate business;
(f) For film distributors, theaters and telecommunication companies, by themselves or in cooperation with
other entities, to distribute any form of child pornography;
(g) For a parent, legal guardian or person having custody or control of a child to knowingly permit the child
to engage, participate or assist in any form of child pornography;
(h) To engage in the luring or grooming of a child;
(i) To engage in pandering of any form of child pornography;
(j) To willfully access any form of child pornography;
(k) To conspire to commit any of the prohibited acts stated in this section. Conspiracy to commit any form
of child pornography shall be committed when two (2) or more persons come to an agreement concerning
the commission of any of the said prohibited acts and decide to commit it; and
(l) To possess any form of child pornography.
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Section 5. Syndicated Child Pornography - The crime of child pornography is deemed committed by a
syndicate if carried out by a group of three (3) or more persons conspiring or confederating with one
another and shall be punished under Section 15(a) of this Act.
Section 6. Who May File a Complaint. - Complaints on cases of any form of child pornography and other
offenses punishable under this Act may be filed by the following:
(a) Offended party;
(b) Parents or guardians;
(c) Ascendant or collateral relative within the third degree of consanguinity;
(d) Officer, social worker or representative of a licensed child-caring institution;
(e) Officer or social worker of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD);
(f) Local social welfare development officer;
(g) Barangay chairman;
(h) Any law enforcement officer;
(i) At least three (3) concerned responsible citizens residing in the place where the violation occurred; or
(j) Any person who has personal knowledge of the circumstances of the commission of any offense under
this Act.
Section 7. Appointment of Special Prosecutors. - The Department of Justice (DOJ) shall appoint or
designate special prosecutors to prosecute cases for the violation of this Act.
Section 8. Jurisdiction. - Jurisdiction over cases for the violation of this Act shall be vested in the Family
Court which has territorial jurisdiction over the place where the offense or any of its essential elements was
committed pursuant to Republic Act No. 8369, otherwise known as "Family Courts Act of 1997".
Section 9. Duties of an Internet Service Provider (ISP). - All internet service providers (ISPs) shall notify
the Philippine National Police (PNP) or the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) within seven (7) days
from obtaining facts and circumstances that any form of child pornography is being committed using its
server or facility. Nothing in this section may be construed to require an ISP to engage in the monitoring of
any user, subscriber or customer, or the content of any communication of any such person: Provided, That
no ISP shall be held civilly liable for damages on account of any notice given in good faith in compliance
with this section.
Furthermore, an ISP shall preserve such evidence for purpose of investigation and prosecution by relevant
authorities.
An ISP shall, upon the request of proper authorities, furnish the particulars of users who gained or
attempted to gain access to an internet address which contains any form of child pornography.
All ISPs shall install available technology, program or software to ensure that access to or transmittal of
any form of child pornography will be blocked or filtered.
An ISP who shall knowingly, willfully and intentionally violate this provision shall be subject to the
penalty provided under Section 15(k) of this Act.
The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) shall promulgate within ninety (90) days from the
effectivity of this Act the necessary rules and regulations for the implementation of this provision which
shall include, among others, the installation of filtering software that will block access to or transmission of
any form of the child pornography.
Section 10. Responsibility of Mall Owners/Operators and Owners or Lessors of Other Business
Establishments. - All mall owners/operators and owners or lessors of other business establishments shall
notify the PNP or the NBI within seven (7) days from obtaining facts and circumstances that child
pornography is being committed in their premises. Provided, That public display of any form of child
pornography within their premises is a conclusive presumption of the knowledge of the mall
owners/operators and owners or lessors of other business establishments of the violation of this Act:
Provided, further, That a disputable presumption of knowledge by mall owners/operators and owners or
lessors of other business establishments should know or reasonably know that a violation of this Act is
being committed in their premises.
Photo developers, information technology professionals, credit card companies and banks and any person
who has direct knowledge of any form of child pornography activities shall have the duty to report any
suspected child pornography materials or transactions to the proper authorities within seven (7) days from
discovery thereof.
Any willful and intentional violation of this provision shall be subject to the penalty provided under Section
15(l) of this Act.
Section 11. Duties of an Internet Content Host. - An internet content host shall:
(a) Not host any form of child pornography on its internet address;
(b) Within seven (7) days, report the presence of any form of child pornography, as well as the particulars
of the person maintaining, hosting, distributing or in any manner contributing to such internet address, to
the proper authorities; and
(c) Preserve such evidence for purposes of investigation and prosecution by relevant authorities.
An internet content host shall, upon the request of proper authorities, furnish the particulars of users who
gained or attempted to gain access to an internet address that contains any form of child pornography.
An internet content host who shall knowingly, willfully and intentionally violate this provision shall be
subject to the penalty provided under Section 15(j) of this Act: Provided, That the failure of the internet
content host to remove any form of child pornography within forty-eight (48) hours from receiving the
notice that any form of child pornography is hitting its server shall be conclusive evidence of willful and
intentional violation thereof.
Section 12. Authority to Regulate Internet Café or Kiosk. - The local government unit (LGU) of the city or
municipality where an internet café or kiosk is located shall have the authority to monitor and regulate the
establishment and operation of the same or similar establishments in order to prevent violation of the
provisions of this Act.
Section 13. Confidentiality. - The right to privacy of the child shall be ensured at any stage of the
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investigation, prosecution and trial of an offense under this Act. Towards this end, the following rules shall
be observed:
(a) The judge, prosecutor or any officer of the law to whom the complaint has been referred to may,
whenever necessary to ensure a fair and impartial proceeding and after considering all circumstances for
the best interest of the child conduct a closed-door investigation, prosecution or trial;
(b) The name and personal circumstances of the child, including the child's immediate family, or any other
information tending to establish his/her identity shall not be disclosed to the public;
(c) Any record regarding a child shall be confidential and kept under seal. Except upon written request and
order of the court, a record shall be released only to the following:
(1) Members of the court staff for administrative use;
(2) The prosecuting attorney;
(3) Defense counsel;
(4) The guardian ad litem;
(5) Agents of investigating law enforcement agencies and
(6) Other persons as determined by the court.
(d) Any form of child pornography that is part of the court records shall be subject to a protective order that
provides as follows:
(1) Any form of child pornography may be viewed only by the parties, their counsel, their expert witness
and guardian ad litem;
(2) Neither form of child pornography nor any portion thereof shall be divulged to any other person, except
as necessary for investigation, prosecution or trial; and
(3) No person shall be granted access to any form of child pornography or any part thereof unless he/she
signs a written affirmation that he/she has received and read a copy of the protection order; that he/she
submits to the jurisdiction of the court with respect to the protective order; and that, in case of violation
thereof, he/she will be subject to the contempt power of the court; and
(e) In cases when prosecution or trial is conducted behind closed doors, it shall be unlawful for any editor,
publisher and reporter or columnist in case of printed materials, announcer or producer in case of television
and radio, producer and director of a film in case of the movie industry, or any person utilizing the trimedia facilities or information technology to publish or broadcast the names of the victims of any case of
child pornography.
Any violation of this provision shall be subject to the penalty provided for under Section 15(m) of this Act.
Section 14. Care, Custody and Treatment of a Child Victim. - The DSWD shall ensure that the child who is
a victim of any form of child pornography is provided appropriate care, custody and support for their
recovery and reintegration in accordance with existing laws.
The child and his family shall be entitled to protection as well as to the rights and benefits of witnesses
under Republic Act No. 6981, otherwise known as "The Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act".
The child shall also be considered as a victim of a violent crime defined under Section 3(d) of Republic Act
No. 7309, otherwise known as "An Act Creating a Board of Claims under the Department of Justice for
Victims of Unjust Imprisonment or Detention and Victims of Violent Crimes and for Other Purposes", so
that the child may claim compensation therein.
Section 15. Penalties and Sanctions. - The following penalties and sanctions are hereby established for
offenses enumerated in this Act:
(a) Any person found guilty of syndicated child pornography as defined in Section 5 of this Act shall suffer
the penalty of reclusion perpetua and a fine of not less than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) but not
more than Five million pesos (Php5,000,000.00);
(b) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(a), (b) and (c) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of
reclusion temporal in its maximum period and a fine of not less than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00)
but not more than Two million (Php2,000,000.00);
(c) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(d), (e) and (f) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of
reclusion temporal in its medium period and a fine of not less than Seven hundred fifty thousand pesos
(Php750,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00);
(d) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(g) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of reclusion
temporal in its minimum period and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00)
but not more than Seven hundred thousand pesos (Php700,000.00);
(e) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(h) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in
its maximum period and a fine of not less than Three hundred thousand pesos (Php300,000.00) but not
more than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00);
(f) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(I) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in
its minimum period and a fine of not less than Three hundred thousand pesos (php300,000.00) but not more
than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00);
(g) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(j) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision
correccional in its maximum period and a fine of not less than Two hundred thousand pesos
(Php200,000.00) but not more than Three hundred thousand pesos (Php300,000.00);
(h) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(k) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision
correccional in its medium period and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (php100,000.00)
but not more than Two hundred fifty thousand pesos (php250,000.00);
(i) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(l) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor in
its minimum period and a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (Php50,000.00) but not more than One
hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00);
(j) Any person found guilty of violating Section 11 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of prision
correccional in its medium period and a fine of not less than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) but not
more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) for the first offense. In the case of a subsequent offense,
the penalty shall be a fine not less than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) but not more than Three
million pesos (Php3,000,000.00) and revocation of its license to operate and immediate closure of the
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establishment;
(k) Any ISP found guilty of willfully and knowingly failing to comply with the notice and installation
requirements under Section 9 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of a fine of not less than Five hundred
thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) for the first
offense. In case of subsequent offense, the penalty shall be a fine of not less than One million pesos
(Php1,000,000.00) but not more than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) and revocation of its license to
operate;
(l) Any mall owner-operator and owner or lessor of other business establishments including photo
developers, information technology professionals, credit card companies and banks, found guilty of
willfully and knowingly failing to comply with the notice requirements under Section 10 of this Act shall
suffer the penalty of a fine of not less than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) but not more than Two
million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) for the first offense. In the case of a subsequent offense, the penalty shall
be a fine of not less than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) but not more than Three million pesos
(Php3,000,000.00) and revocation of its license to operate and immediate closure of the establishment; and
(m) Any person found guilty of violating Section 13 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor in
its minimum period and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) but not more
than Three hundred thousand pesos (Php300,000.00).
Section 16. Common Penal Provisions. (a) If the offender is a parent, ascendant, guardian, step-parent or collateral relative within the third degree
of consanguinity or affinity or any person having control or moral ascendancy over the child, the penalty
provided herein shall be in its maximum duration; Provided, That this provision shall not apply to Section
4(g) of this Act;
(b) If the offender is a juridical person, the penalty shall be imposed upon the owner, manager, partner,
member of the board of directors and/or any responsible officer who participated in the commission of the
crime or shall have knowingly permitted or failed to prevent its commissions;
(c) If the offender is a foreigner, he/she shall be immediately deported after the complete service of his/her
sentence and shall forever be barred from entering the country; and
(d) The penalty provided for in this Act shall be imposed in its maximum duration if the offender is a
public officer or employee.
Section 17. Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds, Tools and Instruments Used in Child
Pornography. - In addition to the penalty imposed for the violation of this Act, the court shall order the
confiscation and forfeiture in favor of the government of all the proceeds, tools and instruments used in the
commission of the crime, unless they are the property of a third person not liable for the unlawful act;
Provided, however, That all awards for damages shall be taken from the personal and separate properties of
the offender; Provided, further, That if such properties are insufficient, the deficiency shall be taken from
the confiscated and forfeited proceeds, tools and instruments.
All proceeds derived from the sale of properties used for the commission of any form of child pornography
shall accrue to the special account of the DSWD which shall be used exclusively for the implementation of
this Act.
When the proceeds, tools and instruments used in the commission of the offense have been destroyed
diminished in value or otherwise rendered worthless by any act or omission, directly or indirectly, of the
offender, or it has been concealed, removed, converted or transferred to prevent the same from being found
or to avoid forfeiture or confiscation, the offender shall be ordered to pay the amount equal to the value of
the proceeds, tools and instruments used in the commission of the offense.1avvphi1
Section 18. Mandatory Services to Victims of Child Pornography. - To ensure recovery, rehabilitation and
reintegration into the mainstream of society concerned government agencies and the LGUs shall make
available the following services to victims of any form of child pornography:
(a) Emergency shelter or appropriate housing;
(b) Counseling;
(c) Free legal services, which shall include information about the victim's rights and the procedure for filing
of complaints, claims for compensation and such other legal remedies available to them in a language
understood by the child;
(d) Medical or psychological services;
(e) Livelihood and skills training; and
(f) Educational assistance.
Sustained supervision and follow through mechanism that will track the progress of recovery, rehabilitation
and reintegration of the child victims shall adopted and carried out.
Section 19. Programs for Victims of Child Pornography. The Inter-Agency Council Against Child
Pornography created under Section 20 of this Act shall develop and implement the necessary programs that
will prevent any form of child pornography, as well as protect, heal and reintegrate the child into the
mainstream of society. Such programs shall include beat but not limited to the following:
(a) Provision of mandatory services including counseling free legal services, medical or psychological
services, livelihood and skills training and educational assistance to the child pursuant to Section 18 of this
Act;
(b) Sponsorship of a national research program on any form of child pornography and other acts covered by
the law and the establishment of a data collection system for monitoring and evaluation purposes;
(c) Provision of necessary technical and material support services to appropriate government agencies and
nongovernmental organizations:
(d) Sponsorship of conferences and seminars to provide venue for consensus building amongst the public,
the academe , government, nongovernmental and international organizations and
(e) Promotion of information and education campaign.
Section 20. Inter - Agency Council against Child Pornography. - There is hereby established an InterAgency Council against Child Pornography to be composed of the Secretary of the DSWD as chairperson
and the following as members:
(a) Secretary of the Department of Justice:
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(b) Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment
(c) Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology
(d) Chief of the Philippine National Police;
(e) Chairperson of the Commission on Information and Communications Technology;
(g) Commissioner of the National Telecommunications Commission;
(h) Executive Director of the Council for the Welfare of Children;
(i) Executive Director of the Philippine Center for Transnational Crimes;
(j) Executive Director of the Optical Media Board;
(k) Director of the National Bureau of Investigation; and
(l) Three (3) representatives from children's nongovernmental organizations. These representatives shall be
nominated by the government agency representatives of the Council for appointment by the President for a
term of three (3) years and may be renewed upon renomination and reappointment by the Council and the
President respectively.
The members of the Council mat designate their permanent representatives, who shall have a rank not
lower than assistant secretary or its equivalent, to meetings and shall receive emoluments as may be
determined by the Council in accordance with existing budget and accounting rules and regulations.
The DSWD shall establish the necessary Secretariat for the Council.
Section 21. Functions of the Council. - The Council shall have the following powers and functions:
(a) Formulate comprehensive and integrated plans and programs to prevent and suppress any form of child
pornography;
(b) Promulgate rules and regulations as may be necessary for the effective implementation of this Act;
(c) Monitor and oversee the strict implementation of this Act;
(d) Coordinate the programs and projects of the various members agencies effectively address the issues
and problems attendant to child pornography;
(e) Conduct and coordinate massive information disseminations and campaign on the existence of the law
and the various issues and problems attendant to child pornography;
(f) Direct other agencies to immediately respond to the problems brought to their attention and report to the
Council on the action taken;
(g) Assist in the filling of cases against individuals, agencies, institutions or establishments that violate the
provisions of this Act;
(h) Formulate a program for the reintegration of victims of child pornography;
(i) Secure from any department, bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the government or from NGOs
and other civic organizations such assistance as may be needed to effectively implement this Act;
(j) Complement the shared government information system relative to child abuse and exploitation and
ensure that the proper agencies conduct a continuing research and study on the patterns and schemes of any
form of child pornography which form basis for policy formulation and program direction;
(k) develop the mechanism to ensure the timely, coordinated and effective response to cases of child
pornography;
(l) Recommend measures to enhance cooperative efforts and mutual assistance among foreign countries
through bilateral and/or multilateral arrangements to prevent and suppress any form of child pornography;
(m) Adopt measures and policies to protect the rights and needs of the victims of child pornography who
are foreign nationals in the Philippines;
(n) maintain a database of cases of child pornography;
(o) Initiate training programs in identifying and providing the necessary intervention or assistance to
victims of child pornography.
(p) Submit to the President and the Congressional Oversight committee credited herein the annual report on
the policies, plans, programs and activities of the Council relative to the implementation of this Act; and
(q) Exercise all the powers and perform such other functions necessary to attain the purposes and objectives
of this Act.
Section 22. Child Pornography as a Transnational Crime. - Pursuant to the Convention on transnational
Organized Crime, the DOJ may execute the request of a foreign state for assistance in the investigation or
prosecution of any form of child pornography by: (1) conducting a preliminary investigation against the
offender and, if appropriate, to file the necessary charges in court; (2) giving information needed by the
foreign state; and (3) to apply for an order of forfeiture of any proceeds or monetary instrument or properly
located in the Philippines used in connection with child pornography in the court; Provided, That if the
DOJ refuses to act on the request of for delaying the execution thereof: Provided, further, That the
principles of mutuality and reciprocity shall, for this purpose, be at all times recognized.
Section 23. Extradition. - The DOJ, in consultation with the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), shall
endeavor to include child pornography among extraditable offenses in future treaties.
Section 24. Congressional Oversight Committee. -There is hereby created a Congressional Oversight
Committee composed of five (5) members from the Senate and five (5) members from the House of
Representatives. The members from the Senate shall be appointed by the Senate President based on
proportional representation of the parties or coalition therein with at least one (1) member representing the
Minority. The members from the House of Representative shall be appointed by the Speaker, also based on
proportional representation of the parties or coalitions therein with the Chair of the House of Committee on
Welfare of Children and at least one (1) member representing the Minority
The Committee shall be headed by the respective Chairs of the Senate Committee on Youth, Women and
Family relations and the House of Representatives Committee on Justice. The Secretariat of the
Congressional Oversight Committee shall come from the existing Secretariat personnel of the Committees
of the Senate and the House of Representatives concerned.
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The Committee shall monitor and ensure the effective implementation of this Act, determine inherent
weakness and loopholes in the law. Recommend the necessary remedial legislator or administrative
measures and perform such other duties and functions as may be necessary to attain the objectives of this
Act.
Section 25. Appropriations. - The amount necessary to implement the provisions of the Anti-Child
Pornography Act and the operationalization of the Inter-Agency Council Against Child Pornography shall
be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.
Section 26. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - The Inter- Agency Council Against Child pornography
shall promulgate the necessary implementing rules and regulations within ninety (90) days from the
effectivity of this Act.
Section 27. Suppletory Application of the Revised Penal Code. - The Revised penal Code shall be
suppletorily applicable to this Act.
Section 28. Separability Clause. - If any part of this Act is declared unconstitutional or invalid, the other
provisions not affected thereby shall continue to be in full force and effect.
Section 29. Repealing Clause. - All laws, presidential decrees, executive orders, administrative orders,
rules and regulations inconsistent with or contrary to the provisions of this Act are deemed amended,
modified or repealed accordingly.
Section 30. Effectivity. - This Act shall effect after fifteen (15) days following its complete publication in
the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
I am Pearl Antonette R. Jao, (parj) 19 years, and 3rd year college taking
Bachelor of Science in Information Systems at De La Salle-College of Saint
Benilde.
I am a trying hard musician, programmer and artist and hoping that someday I
can really be musician, programmer and artist.
I just want to have fun and make other happy.
I want to start the change I want to see. Animo La Salle!
I believe in God and I offer this novel to him.