Step 1. Sort the following kingdoms into the correct domains listed. (Record the correct answers into the table below.)
Fungi
Plantae
Eubacteria
Protista
Animalia
Archaebacteria
Archea
Bacteria
Eukarya
fungi
Archaebacteria
eubacteria
protista
animalia
plantae
Step 2. Match the defining characteristics to each of the kingdoms using the word bank below. Record your answers.
Archaebacteria
Animalia
Protista
Fungi Plantae
Eubacteria
1. _____protista_______Eukaryotic single celled organisms that are not animals, plants or fungi.
2. ______fungi______Eukaryotic multicellular organisms that digest food outside of their bodies, also known as
decomposers.
3. _____plants_______Eukaryotic multicellular organisms that are autotrophic and are the base of the food chain
as producers. They do not move and are composed of roots, stems and leaves.
4. ______animals______Eukaryotic multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic and move at some point during
their life span. Very diverse kingdom.
5. _____archaebacteria_______Prokaryotic single celled organisms that are known for living in extreme
environments.
6. _____eubacteria_______Prokaryotic, commonly known bacteria that are classified by shape, need for oxygen
and ability to cause disease.
Step 3. Viruses
Genetic material
Part 1. Label the parts of a virus.
Lipid Envelope
Capsid
Genetic Material
Lipid envelope
Part 2. Match the type of virus to its
Bacteriophage
Prion
Viroid
Retrovirus
description.
capsid
1.
2.
3.
4.
______bacteriaophage___________Virus that only infects bacterial cells.
_____viroid____________Virus made up of single stranded RNA that infects plant cells.
______prion___________Virus made up of only protein and causes misfolding of other proteins.
________retrovirus_________An RNA virus that is duplicated in a host cell using the reverse transcriptase
enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome.
Part 3.
1. Label the lytic and lysogenic cycles below.
lytic
lysogenic
2. Write a brief description of what is occurring in your own words for each cycle.
Description of Lytic:_______Symptoms with in 24 hours of infection, takes over cell and produes new viruses._
Description of Lysogenic:_____injects its genetic information into host DNA, gets reproduces each time host reproduces,
can convert to lytic cycle.____
3. Give an example of each type of infection.
Lytic:_________Flu__________ Lysogenic:___________Mono______________
4. Give 2 reasons that viruses are considered non-living.
:______________________________cant reproduce on own, don’t eat, metabolize.________________
5. Define the term vaccine. Name the two ways vaccines are created: ____a weakened or dead strain of a virus
that is injected into an organism to allow immune system to recognize and fight future infections.______
Step 4. Bacteria
Match term to the correct shape of bacteria.
Cocci
bacilli
Bacilli
Cocci
Spirillia
spirillia
Use the following terms to answer the following questions:
Endospore
pink
purple
conjugation
binary fission
Bacteria are classified by their cell wall composition. Scientists test for the presence of peptidoglycan, by a process called
Gram Staining. If this is present the cell, it stains ______purple__________. If it is not present and a second membrane is
in place, the cell stains _____pink________.
Bacteria reproduce by a process known as ______binaryfission__________. Bacteria may also exchange genetic
information without producing new offspring using the process of _____conjugation____________.
They have the ability to survive harsh conditions by forming a _____endospore______ and going into a period of
hibernation until conditions become favorable.
Sort the following terms into beneficial or harmful effects of bacterial cells in the environment.
Food/product production Nitrogen fixation
Disease Digestive aid Bioremediation
Food spoilage
Beneficial
Harmful
Food production
food spoilage
Nitrogenfixation
disease
Digestive aid
bioremediation
Bacteria can invade the body and cause disease in one of two ways, list them:
Invading tissues and releasing toxins into the body
Describe how an antibiotic attacks a bacterial infection._________________________________________
__it disrupts cell wall formation______________________________________________________________
Explain the role humans have played in the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria.__________________
______________________misuse, overuse, and underuse _______________________________________
Identify/List 3 different bacterial infections that humans are susceptible to.____E. Coli, Strep throat, acne, ____
Step 5. Kingdom Protista
Match the following terms to the correct descriptions of the 3 major groups of protists.
Algae
Fungus-like
Protozoa
1. _________protozoa________Single celled, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic, animal like and
classified by their method of movement.
2. _________algae________Single to multi-celled, eukaryotic organisms that are photosynthetic, and are classified
by the pigments they contain.
3. _________fungus-like________Single/multi-celled, eukaryotic organisms that are decomposers and unlike true
fungus can move.
Match the following terms to the type of locomotion.
Zooflagellates
Ciliates
Sarcodines
Sporozoa
1. _____ciliates______Use cilia, tiny hair like structures that beat back and forth for movement and feeding.
2. ___sarcodines_______Use pseudopods or cytoplasmic projections to move.
3. __sporozoa__________Are parasitic and use host/vectors to move, unable to move on their own.
4. __zooflagellates____Use one or two whip like structures called flagella to move or propel organisms forward.
Sort the following terms into to the chart comparing positive to negative consequences of protists.
Source of food Spread disease Source of oxygen Used in household products Cause plant rot Used in
medications
Pros
Cons
Source of food
spread disease
Source of oxygen
plant rot
Household products
medications
Step 6 Fungi
Fill in the table below by providing both the common name and reproductive structure of each type of fungus.
Fungi
Common Name
Reproductive Structure
Ascomycota
Sac
ascus
Basidomycota
Club
basidia
Zygomycota
Bread or common mold
zygospores
Deutromycota
Imperfect
Unknown, asexual budding
Fungi reproduce differently than other organisms. Instead of male and female sexes their sexes are assigned a
____(+)_____ or ___(-)____. Opposite mating types fuse for sexual reproduction.
Fill in the sentences below by matching the correct term to the definition.
Budding
Hyphae
Fruiting Body Chitin Mycorrhizae Mycellium
1. ____chitin_____________Tough polysaccharide that is found in the cell wall of fungi.
2. ____hyphae_____________Long strands the make up the body of a multicellular fungus.
3. _____mycellium________Underground network of hyphae that makes up the body of a multicellular fungus.
4. _______fruiting body_________Reproductive structure that grows above ground in a fungus.
5. _____mycorrhizae___Mutualistic relationship between fungus and the roots of plants to aid in nitrogen fixation.
6. ________budding________Process of asexual reproduction observed in yeast and other imperfect fungi.
List 2 positive uses for fungi.
___________food, medicine_________________________________________________________________
List 2 negative effects of fungi.
_______________crop and human disease____________________________________________________
Step 7. Plants
Match the four categories of plants to their descriptions
Seedless Vascular
Angiosperms Seedless Nonvascular Gymnosperms
1. __seedless nonvascular___________Plants that require standing water for reproduction and life because they
lack vascular tissue. Examples include: mosses and liverworts.
2. __seedless vascular_____________Plants that require standing water for reproduction but have vascular tissue.
Examples include: ferns and horsetails.
3. __gymnosperms______________Vascular plants that have a naked seed called a cone and can live away from
water. Examples include: pine trees and ginkgos.
4. ____angiosperms____________Vascular plants that have a covered seed, display flowers. Seed is typically
incased in a fruit. Examples include: tulips, apple trees, orange trees, roses.
Label the reproductive structures on the flower given
Stamen letter G
Petal letter J
Anther letter F
Sepal letter I
Filament letter H
Ovule/egg letter A
Pistil letter E
Stigma letter D
Style letter C
Ovary letter B
below.
Match the type of plant tissue to its major function.
Ground
Dermal
Vascular
1. __________Dermal____________Tissue that makes up the covering of the plant, prevents water loss, forms
bark and cuticle.
2. __vascular______________Tissue that is responsible for transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant;
contains xylem (water transport) and phloem (nutrient transport).
3. _____ground____________Tissue that is responsible for plant growth, storage of nutrients, and in the leaves
houses chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs.
Match the organ to its major function.
Roots
Leaves
Stem
1. _____roots____________Anchors plants and absorb minerals and nutrients from soil.
2. ______stem____________Provide support to plants, transport materials, and provide storage.
3. _____leaves_____________Main site for photosynthesis. Allow for gas exchange and control water loss of plant.
Distinguish between monocots and dicots by filling in the chart below.
Monocots
Dicots
# of seed leaves
1
2
# of flower parts
multiples of 3
parts in 4 or 5
Vein arrangement
parallel
netlike
Arrangement of
scattered
ring pattern
vascular tissue
Answer the following questions about plant life cycles and reproduction using the terms below.
Alternation of generations
Vegetative reproduction
Double fertilization
Dormancy
Pollination
Fragmentation
Germination
1.
_alternation of generations__ Ability of a plant to alternate between a sporophyte and gametophyte stage.
2.
______pollination_______ Transfer of pollen from male to female flower.
3.
____double fertilization_________ type of fertilization that occurs only in angiosperms in which one sperm
cell fertilizes the egg,while the second fuses with the polar bodies to form endosperm to provide
nourishment for the developing embryo.
4.
___dormancy__________period of time when seed is at rest and is not growing.
5.
___germination__________ period when the seed starts to crack out of the shell and grow.
6.
______fragmentation_______ asexual form of plant reproduction that involves using a piece of the original
plant and replanting it.
7.
_____vegetative reproduction_________ another form of asexual reproduction in which a piece of a plant is
attached to the parent plant to reproduce.
Answer the following questions about plant response and adaptations.
Ethylene Thigmotropism Gibberellins Photoperiodism Auxins
Gravitropism Phototropism
1.
__ethylene______ Hormone in plants that causes them to ripen when exposed to it.
2.
____auxin_______ Hormone that causes cell lengthening in the plant.
3.
__gibberellins_______Hormone that is responsible for excessive growth in plants.
4.
_____phototropism______Plant response to sunlight/light. Know to grow toward light source.
5.
_____thigmotropism______Plant response to touch. Plant clings to or wraps around and grows up to touch.
6.
_____gravitropism______Plant response to pull of gravity. Both negative and positive gravitational pull
responses observed.
7.
_____photoperiodism______Plants responding to seasonal changes. Ex. plants losing their leaves during the
winter and shutting down photosynthesis.
Step 8. General Animal Kingdom Characteristics
Identify the types of symmetry found in the organisms below.
__________asymmetric_______ ______bilateral____________
___________radial_______
All animals share the following characteristics. (Circle the answer to make the statement correct.)
1.
Cell tissue contains collagen or chitin.
2.
Diploid cells that usually reproduces by sexual or asexual reproduction.
3.
Cells are diploid or haploid.
4.
Most animal cells contain box or hox genes that determine early embryonic development. The expression
of these genes determines what traits will develop.
5.
Label the 3 germ layers that determine the body cavity structure of an organism. Use the following terms:
Endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
6.
Distinguish between the three terms used to describe body cavities. Label the diagram using the terms
below.
Acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate
a.
b.
c.
Pseudocoelomate
Coelomate
Acoelomate
Use the following terms to fill in the blanks.
Blastula
Gastrula
7. ___Gastrula________is an interior movement
of cells that result in a reorganization of the
embryo from a simple spherical ball of cells, the
_____blastula_____, into a multi-layered
organism.
8. Distinguish between the terms protostome and deuterostome. P: mouth forms first and then the anus, all
invertebrates except deutrostomes, D: anus forms first, and then mouth forms
Step 9. Invertebrates
Match the phylum to its description.
Porifera
Nematoda
Arthropoda
Annelidia
Platyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Molluska
Echinodermata
1. _________Porifera_______Multi-celled organisms that have no specialized tissue, only specialized cells,
asymmetric, sessile in their adult form.
2. ________Cnidara_________Multi-celled organisms that have specialized tissue and cells. Known for their
nematocysts (stinging cells) that help capture prey, and primitive nerve net.
3. _________Platyhelminthes________Multi-celled organisms that have 3 germ layers, no body cavity. Most are
parasitic, few free living species. First to display cephalization with ganglia.
4. ____Nematoda______________Multi-celled organisms that have 3 distinct germ layers with a pseudocoelom.
Parasitic with a primitive digestive system.
5. ______Annelidia___________Multi-celled organisms that have 3 distinct germ layers with a true coelom. They
display a segmented body, brain and aortic arches that act as a primitive heart.
6. ___________Mollusks_____Multi-celled organisms that have a complete digestive tract, species display either
an open or closed circulatory system based on need for oxygen(speed). All share the common features of a
radula, mantle, and shell (some are internal, some external).
7. ____________Echinoderms____________Multi-celled organisms that have radial symmetry as adults, a water
vascular system and tube feet. They are the most closely related to vertebrates in that they are deuterostomes.
8. ____________arthropoda____________Multi-celled organisms that display 3 distinct characteristics:
exoskeleton made of chitin, jointed appendages, and segmented bodies. Respiration occurs through gills or book
lungs. Display an open circulatory system.
Label the diagram below as either complete or incomplete metamorphosis.
______________Incomplete__________
___complete metamorphosis_______________
Phylum Chordata
Chordates share 4 physical traits. Label the traits on the diagram below using
the following terms:
Notochord
Dorsal hollow nerve chord
Tail
tail
notochord
Pharyngeal gill slits
There are two groups of chordates that are not vertebrates (contain a vertebral column). Match the two groups to their
defining characteristics.
Lancelets
Tunicates
1. _________tunicates________Organisms that are both free swimming and sessile. Display all characteristics in
larval form but not in adult form.
2. ____lancelets_____________Organisms that are small eel-like animals that retain all four characteristics of
chordates into adulthood.
Match the following terms to their definitions.
Endoskeleton Placenta
Oviparous
Ectotherm
Tetrapod
Amniotic egg Endotherm
Keratin
Amniote
Viviparous
Ovoviviparous
1.______endoskeleton__________Internal skeleton made built of bone or cartilage that grows with the organism.
2.__________tetrapod________Vertebrate that has four limbs.
3._______amniote___________Vertebrate that has a thin, tough membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus.
4.________keratin___________Protein that binds to lipids inside the cell forming a waterproof barrier to keep internal
water from reaching the skin.
5.______amniotic________Egg that is almost completely waterproof that allowed for life to move from water to land.
6.______placenta___________Membranous organ that develops in female mammals during pregnancy and provides
nutrients to the developing fetus and removes waste.
7._______ectotherm____________Organisms that are unable to regulate their own body temperature and their
temperature reflect their environment’s temp.
8.______endotherm____________Organisms that are able to regulate their own body temperature through
metabolism. Their body temperature remains relatively constant.
9._____oviparous_____________Organisms that lay their eggs outside the body for development.
10._________viviparous___________Organisms that give birth to live organisms. Develop inside the mother’s body and
not in an egg.
11.____ovoviviparous_____________Organisms that the eggs develop inside the mother’s body and then the mother
gives live birth.
Step Veterbrate Phyla
Match the phyla to the description.
Agnatha
Aves
Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Chondrichthyes
Reptilia
1 Agnatha________________Jawless fish, open circulatory system, respire through gills, external fertilization, toothlike
projections to latch on and eat pray.
2.___ Chondrichthyes _________Cartilaginous fish with 2 loop closed circulatory system. Use a lateral line system to
detect movement in the water, have jaws, respire through gills, and have true kidney to filter wastes from blood and
conserve water.
3.____Osteichthyes_____________Bony fish that make up 2 different groups, ray fins and lobe fins, closed circulatory
system, use swim bladder to adjust buoyancy, respire through gills and have kidney to filter waste.
4._____________Amphibia__________Tetrapod organism that spends its life between water and land. Organism
breathes through skin, poorly developed or no lungs, 3 chambered heart, external fertilization. Frogs, toads,
salamanders and caecilians are examples.
5.___________Reptilia____________Ectotherms covered with dry scales or plates, lay amniotic eggs, have closed 3
chambered heart, with exception of crocodilians that have a 4 chambered heart, strong lungs. Examples include: snakes,
lizards, alligators and crocodiles.
6.______Aves__________Feathered animals that are endothermic, have a 4 chambered heart, hollow bones, fused
collarbones, scales on feet. They have a one way air flow for maximum efficiency of oxygen intake. Examples include:
Finch, parrots and ostrich.
Mammals
1. List the 3 characteristics shared by all mammals.___middle ear bones, hair and mammary glands_____
Match the types of mammals to their description.
Marsupial
Placental
Monotremes
1._____monotremes_____________Egg laying mammals that are similar also to reptiles. Lay eggs through a cloaca,
have an amniotic egg, but nurse their young.
2._______marsupial___________Mammals that give birth to immature and underdeveloped live young that grow to
maturity in a pouch.
3.____placental____________Mammals that give birth to live young that have completed fetal development.
Heart
1. Describe the difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.__________oxygenated blood travels
from the lungs to the rest of the body, deoxygenated blood is being returned to the lungs to release the co2_
2. What are the two chambers of the heart? Atria and ventricles________________
3. What is the benefit of a four chambered heart over a 3 chambered heart?_________there is no mixing of the
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in a 4 chambered heart, it is the most efficient .__________
Animal Behaviors
Complete the definitions below by matching the correct term to the definition.
Stimulus
circadian rhythm
biological clock
hibernation
migration
cognition
Instinct
habituation
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
Imitation
imprinting
survivorship
territoriality
altruism
1.________cognition_________mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception,
reasoning and judgment.
2._________circadian rhythm__________daily cycle of activity that occurs over a 24 hour period of time.
3.____classical conditioning_____________process by which an organism learns to associate a previously
neutral stimulus with a reward or punishment.
4.______altruism_____________behavior in which an animal reduces its own fitness to help the other members
of its social group.
5._____biological clock____________internal mechanism that controls an animal’s activity patterns.
6.____imitation____________process by which an organism learns a behavior by observing other individuals.
7. ._________imprinting______________process by which a new born organism quickly learns to recognize
another animal such as a parent.
8.____________instinct___________inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species.
9._________operant conditioning___________process by which a behavior increases or decreases as the result
of a reward or punishment.
10.__________survivorship_____________probability of surviving to a particular age.
11.__________stimulus_____________something that causes a physiological response.
12.__________territoraliity_____________behavioral pattern in which an organism controls and defends a
specific area.
13 ._________hibernation______________behavior in which an animal avoids environmental temperatures by
entering into a dormant state.
14._________migration_______behavior in which internal and external stimuli signal animals to move to avoid
harsh conditions in their home range for a part of the year.