Eubacteria
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Structure
1 - Rigid cell wall: provides shape &
protects cell
2 - No membrane-bound organelles =
prokaryotes (do have ribosomes)
3 - Plasmids: (circular loops of DNA) and
one simple chromosome
Structure
4 - Capsule: thick, protective layer many
harmful bacteria have this to
protect them from being
digested by the hosts body
fluids ex: bacteria that cause
pneumonia and syphillis
5 - Other: flagella (tail for movement),
pili (hairs used for attachment),
and endospores
Structure
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Nutrition
• Most are consumers - cannot make own
food
Saprobes: feed on dead organisms
(organic waste); important in
soil
Parasites: absorb nutrients from another
living organism (host)
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Nutrition
Mutualism: lives on or in another
organism and both benefit;
ex: intestinal bacteria
and nitrogen-fixing bacteria
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Respiration
• Obligate aerobe - requires oxygen for
cellular respiration
ex: bacteria that cause throat & lung
infections such as TB
• Obligate anaerobe - does not use
oxygen & may be
harmed by it
ex: tetanus (deep puncture wound)
botulism
Respiration
• Facultative bacteria - can get energy
using oxygen
(cellular respiration)
or by fermentation if
oxygen is not
available
*ex: E. coli
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Reproduction
• Asexual - binary fission
-bacterial cell duplicates DNA &
divides into two identical new cells
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Reproduction
• Sexual - conjugation
-bacterial cell transfers its chromosomes
to another cell through a bridge-like
structure called a pilus = genetic
recombination “variety”
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Growth Requirements
1 - temperature range
(most 79 - 100 degrees F)
2 - moisture
(most are 90% water)
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
3 - darkness
(sulight dries out & slows growth/ UV light
damages DNA)
Growth
4 - food
(variety - almost anything with
carbon such as sugar, fat,
protein, or blood)
*some can metabolize inorganic
material or even toxic substances
5 - correct oxygen requirements
Vocabulary
Term
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Endospore - structure that forms when
conditions are unfavorable
(too dry, no food, etc.) “hibernation state” - no
reproduction occurs
*some have lasted ~ 50 years in this state
Controlling Bacterial Growth
-Refrigeration/Freezing
-Canning (no oxygen)
-Salt Curing
-Dehydration
-Radiation
-Chemical Preservatives
-Antiseptics
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Importance to Life
-Nitrogen fixing: found on plant roots,
these bacteria convert free nitrogen into
compounds that plants can use =
natural fertilizer
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Importance to Life
-Food preparation: dairy products,
pickles, olives, sauerkraut
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
-Alcohol fermentation: producing beer & wine
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Importance to Life
-Aid digestion
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
-Leather tanning: softens the hide
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Importance to Life
-Vaccines: use killed or weakened strains
of bacteria & inject them into organisms
so that antibodies are produced
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Importance to Life
-Wrinkle treatment: Botox
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
-Genetic engineering: human hormones
such as insulin, oil-eating bacteria,
insect resistance in plants, digestion of
toxic substances like DDT, etc.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Harmful Bacteria
• Cause disease
• Spoil food
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Types of Food Poisoning
• Botulism
-produces exotoxin (toxin produced by
the bacterial cell during metabolism)
which is harmful to humans
-Usually found in improperly canned
foods
-Symptoms include dizziness, double vision,
breathing difficulty & potentially, death
Types of Food Poisoning
• Botulism
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Types of Food Poisoning
• Staphylococcus
-Usually found in improperly
stored meat, fish, & dairy
products
-Symptoms include vomiting &
cramps
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Types of Food Poisoning
• Salmonella
- Usually caused by infected food handlers
and found in food types such as eggs,
sausage, ground meats, or custards
-Symptoms include vomiting, cramps,
diarrhea, aches & fever
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Types of Food Poisoning
• Salmonella
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Food Poisoning Prevention
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sanitary food handling techniques
Sterilization (canning)
Pasteruization
Refrigeration/Freezing
UV radiation
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
End